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Source: https://feed.8620.uk/vxna

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<rss xmlns:content="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/content/" xmlns:wfw="http://wellformedweb.org/CommentAPI/" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom" xmlns:sy="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/syndication/" xmlns:slash="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/slash/" xmlns:georss="http://www.georss.org/georss" xmlns:geo="http://www.w3.org/2003/01/geo/wgs84_pos#" version="2.0"><channel><title>Chise Hachiroku</title><link>https://8620.uk</link><description>朝向明日的辉迹！本RSS源供VXNA抓取，已自动移除短内容。</description><lastBuildDate>Tue, 15 Apr 2025 14:45:05 +0000</lastBuildDate><language>zh-CN</language><image><url>https://assets.c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/cropped-icon-rs-32x32.png</url><title>Chise Hachiroku</title><link>https://8620.uk</link><width>32</width><height>32</height></image><item>
<title>过时产品评测：三星 Gear 360（2016/SM-C200）</title>
<link>https://chise.hachiroku.uk/zh/essay/sm-c200/</link>
<comments>https://chise.hachiroku.uk/zh/essay/sm-c200/#comments</comments>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[Chise Hachiroku]]></dc:creator>
<pubDate>Sat, 12 Apr 2025 23:34:14 +0000</pubDate>
<category><![CDATA[生活随笔]]></category>
<category><![CDATA[产品评测]]></category>
<category><![CDATA[科技]]></category>
<guid isPermaLink="false">https://chise.hachiroku.uk/?p=6097</guid>
<description><![CDATA[我和一位博友之间无意间开始的小小竞争，促成了一次令人满意的产品购买。]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[
<p>本帖中的照片可能会出现在以后的文章中，因为这些照片最初是为这些文章拍摄的。但为何我会购买这种古老的设备，需要追溯到一种叫做 “Cardboard 相机 “的东西。</p>
<div class="wp-block-nhsblocks-card1 nhsuk-grid-column-width nhsuk-care-card nhsuk-care-card--type"><div class="nhsuk-care-card__heading-container"><h3 class="nhsuk-care-card__heading"><span><span class="nhsuk-u-visually-hidden">Non-urgent advice: </span><span class="nhsuk-care-card__heading-text">这篇文章包含 WebXR 体验的链接。</span></span></h3><span class="nhsuk-care-card__arrow" aria-hidden="true"></span></div><div class="nhsuk-care-card__content">这些链接允许使用 VR 解决方案的访客将全景图像填充整个视图并带来沉浸式体验，并在条件允许时呈现 3D 效果。需要支持 WebXR 或 WebVR 的设备，如 Quest、Pico、Vision Pro 等。<a href="https://immersiveweb.dev/#supporttable">点此查看 WebXR 的软件支持情况。</a></div></div>
<nav class="nhsuk-contents-list" role="navigation" aria-label="Headings on this page">
<h2 class="nhsuk-u-visually-hidden">Contents</h2>
<ol class="nhsuk-contents-list__list">
<li class="nhsuk-contents-list__item">
<a class="nhsuk-contents-list__link js-scroll-to" href="#nhs-block-anchor-0">一场博客主之间的”竞争”（背景故事）</a>
</li>
<li class="nhsuk-contents-list__item">
<a class="nhsuk-contents-list__link js-scroll-to" href="#nhs-block-anchor-1">我买到的这台二手货</a>
</li>
<li class="nhsuk-contents-list__item">
<a class="nhsuk-contents-list__link js-scroll-to" href="#nhs-block-anchor-2">功能性和 360° 摄影</a>
</li>
<li class="nhsuk-contents-list__item">
<a class="nhsuk-contents-list__link js-scroll-to" href="#nhs-block-anchor-3">静态图片</a>
</li>
<li class="nhsuk-contents-list__item">
<a class="nhsuk-contents-list__link js-scroll-to" href="#nhs-block-anchor-4">视频录制</a>
</li>
<li class="nhsuk-contents-list__item">
<a class="nhsuk-contents-list__link js-scroll-to" href="#nhs-block-anchor-5">2017 新款</a>
</li>
<li class="nhsuk-contents-list__item">
<a class="nhsuk-contents-list__link js-scroll-to" href="#nhs-block-anchor-6">总结</a>
</li>
</ol>
</nav>
<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="nhs-block-anchor-0">一场博客主之间的”竞争”（背景故事）</h2>
<p>对于那些可能不知道这是什么的人来说，Cardboard 是谷歌在 2014 年开发的一种廉价的 VR 解决方案。它利用安卓手机作为屏幕和处理能力，将手机插入一个纸板盒为主体的“头显”中。随着它的推出，谷歌还推出了一款能利用捕捉到的图像生成左右眼数据的全景相机，它会在输出的2D全景图中额外嵌入一组右眼数据，使这些文件能够在 Cardboard 应用程序中查看。</p>
<p>Cardboard 相机应用程序目前仍可供下载，但有一个问题——它不支持 64 位 ARM ABI。在不再支持使用 32 位原生库的应用程序的新款手机上（没有 32 位处理器内核），这款应用程序甚至无法安装。幸运的是，几年前谷歌相机应用的全景功能也开始包含了相同的算法，不过那时它已经成为 Pixel 手机的专属应用。这并不是一个大问题，因为只要应用程序在启动时不崩溃，就有第三方修改版可以让它运行。</p>
<p>因为我最近买了一台 Meta Quest 3，我在寻找能以 3D 图像捕捉记忆的应用程序时发现了这个有意思的事情。其实这个算法相当不错，不过因为要生成两组数据，拍摄时允许的最大旋转速度明显比三星提供全景拍摄程序要慢，尤其是当拍摄对象靠近时。但是它输出的图像……令人印象深刻。除了没有动画，不能捕捉到天空和地面之外，一切都非常逼真，有时很难与专业制作区分。</p>
<p>不过，我在网站上摆出全景图的举动似乎引起了<a href="https://www.wikimoe.com/">一位受人尊敬的博客同行的</a>竞争，或者说是激发了他的灵感。只不过，他选择的不是使用手机制作 3D 全景，而是购买了一套用于捕捉球形 360° 内容的专用设备。我查了一下那套设备的价格，发现它比我的 VR 头显还贵。对此，我能做的仅仅是增加更直观的全景观看体验，以及拍摄更多的 3D 全景。</p>
<p>我其实不经常用手机拍摄球形图片，但就算拍了也通常不会发布，不仅是因为拍摄一张这样的图片需要一分钟左右的时间，而且除了或许能稍稍再现当时看到的场景之外，这些程序当时给我的印象也实在不佳。下面是我在 2018 年拍摄的当时的高中宿舍，几乎完美地诠释了我不太喜欢这项技术的所有原因：</p>
<div class='wp-block-bpgb-panorama align' id='bpgbPanorama-4a79aa47-c53b-4571-b2af-2d352a687df7' data-attributes='{"cId":"4a79aa47-c53b-4571-b2af-2d352a687df7","panoImage":{"id":null,"url":"https:\/\/c86.moe\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/PANO_20180223_173759.png.webp","alt":"","title":""},"height":"512px","rotateSpeed":0.25,"className":"","align":"","panoType":"image","panoVideo":{"id":null,"url":"","title":""},"width":"100%","autoRotate":true,"hideControl":true,"autoPlay":true,"videoMute":true,"videoLoop":true,"alignment":"center","pll_lang":""}'>
<style>
#bpgbPanorama-4a79aa47-c53b-4571-b2af-2d352a687df7 {
text-align: center;
}
#bpgbPanorama-4a79aa47-c53b-4571-b2af-2d352a687df7 .bpgbPanorama {
width: 100%;
height: 512px;
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<div class='bpgbPanorama'></div>
</div>
<p class="has-text-align-center"><em>(剧透：画面支离破碎，难以成为一个整体）</em><br><a href="https://assets.c86.moe/xr-pano/?mode=mono&url=wp-content/uploads/2025/04/PANO_20180223_173759.png.webp" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">打开此图片的 WebXR 体验</a></p>
<p>不过，当我最近在手机上再次尝试时，我发现手机自带的三星图库其实对 360° 球形照片的支持非常好，甚至比谷歌照片还要好，这显然有一些奇怪。简单搜索后发现，早在 2016 年和 2017 年，三星就发布了两款名为 Gear 360 的球形 360° 相机，并在 2018 年至 2021 年期间逐渐放弃了这两个产品。但它们其实仍然可以使用，不仅是因为它可以脱离手机独立操作，还因为社区已经找到了让它在现代三星手机上连接的方法。</p>
<p>谷歌搜索的好处在于，它还会告诉你它所知道的最划算的购买价格。对于这款产品，二道贩子 CeX（webuy.com）似乎有评为 B 级的库存，定价为 22.00 英镑。这价格太过离谱以至于我一开始还认真核实了这家公司的来历，因为同样的商品 ebay 至少要价 70 英镑，而英国亚马逊的对全新产品的定价则超过 300 英镑。出乎意料的是，这件商品就在索尔福德购物中心，而且有公交车从我的宿舍直达。我在网上下了订单，第二天就去取了货。</p>
<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="nhs-block-anchor-1">我买到的这台二手货</h2>
<p id="start-review">Gear 360 于 2016 年推出，是当时市面上成像最好的消费级 360° 摄像机之一。它输出的不是那种连接两端的条状全景，而是覆盖了天空和地面的真正球形全景图。为了实现这一点，它大小与儿童的拳头差不多的白色球体上背靠背安装了两个 180° 的超广角摄像头。同时，它还配备可轻易更换的非标准电池，不过这种电池至今仍有售卖；它使用一个古老的 Micro USB 端口，并且需要插入一张 microSD 卡。与此同时，它还有一款 2017 年发布的后继款机型，体积更小，但我们稍后再谈。</p>
<p>虽然我的设备被评为 B 级，但保存状况实际上相当良好。镜头上没有可见的划痕，也没有大的凹痕，使用过的唯一痕迹就是杂乱无章的文件、打开后略有破损的包装、非原装的 USB 线缆以及金属环上的几处轻微划痕。功能与新的差不多，固件也在一个比较新的水平上，使其所有功能都是最优化的状态下（但有一个蓝牙安全补丁没有更新）。迷你三脚架和便携包都在，没有损坏，几乎跟新的一样。</p>
<div class="wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-1 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex">
<div class="wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow" style="flex-basis:25%"></div>
<div class="wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow" style="flex-basis:50%">
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img fetchpriority="high" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/20250407_135656-1024x768.png" alt="" class="wp-image-6077" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/20250407_135656-1024x768.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/20250407_135656-300x225.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/20250407_135656-768x576.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/20250407_135656-1536x1152.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/20250407_135656-2048x1536.png 2048w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></figure>
</div>
<div class="wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow" style="flex-basis:25%"></div>
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<p>我找到一张未使用的 microSD 卡，给电池充上电，设备就打开了。它有一个小巧的显示屏（0.5 英寸 / 72 x 32），可以显示多项指标，包括使用照片和视频分钟数计量的剩余存储空间，还允许更改大多数设置。全部设置则需要在手机应用程序上更改，但这块屏幕使它能够在没有手机的情况下独立工作。</p>
<p>该设备附带一个小巧的三脚架，同时也是一个方便手持的握杆，但该部分可以轻松取下，释放出标准的 1/4 英寸固定接口，使其与新旧三脚架兼容。便携袋虽然外表粗糙，但内部柔软光滑，可确保镜头不会被划伤的同时进行一定的清洁。</p>
<div class="wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-2 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex">
<div class="wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow" style="flex-basis:25%"></div>
<div class="wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow" style="flex-basis:50%">
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large is-resized"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/20250412_223359-1024x768.png" alt="" class="wp-image-6085" style="width:456px;height:auto" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/20250412_223359-1024x768.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/20250412_223359-300x225.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/20250412_223359-768x576.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/20250412_223359-1536x1152.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/20250412_223359-2048x1536.png 2048w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">相机安装在隐藏自身的单柱三脚架上。该三脚架可延展至 140 厘米高。</figcaption></figure>
</div>
<div class="wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow" style="flex-basis:25%"></div>
</div>
<p>总的来说，这确实是一款物美价廉的产品。但我必须为它购买一个三脚架：这款设备在相机的侧面存在一些盲区，因此将它安装在单杆三脚架上会让三脚架本身因为停留在两个相机都看不到的狭窄区域而从最终图像中 “消失”。不过，支架还是会很明显的呈现在图像中，但我认为它可以作为 “哪个方向是向下 ” 这个问题的良好参考点。</p>
<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="nhs-block-anchor-2">功能性和 360° 摄影</h2>
<p>设备通过蓝牙与手机配对后，手机就可以在连接到设备广播的 WiFi 网络后充当遥控器。手机上有一个可滚动的球，提供近乎全分辨率的预览，有各种选项，包括 WB 调整、光线补偿、HDR 模式、定时器、视频/图片模式，以及最重要的，使用哪些摄像头。</p>
<p>要拍摄 360° 照片，需要两台摄像机同时工作。但如果我们只需要拍摄 180°，则可以选择只使用其中一个镜头。这样做有两个好处，一是当其中一个镜头损坏时，照相机仍然可以使用；二是拼接后的球形图像偶尔会在接合处出现明显的伪影，尤其是当物体靠近照相机时。单个摄像头的成像显然不会受到这部分的影响。</p>
<div class="wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-3 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex">
<div class="wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow" style="flex-basis:25%"></div>
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<figure class="wp-block-image size-full"><img decoding="async" width="963" height="648" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/QQ20250412-221607.png" alt="" class="wp-image-6072" style="aspect-ratio:4/3;object-fit:cover" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/QQ20250412-221607.png 963w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/QQ20250412-221607-300x202.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/QQ20250412-221607-768x517.png 768w" sizes="(max-width: 963px) 100vw, 963px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">由于物体过近而导致的失败拼接案例</figcaption></figure>
</div>
<div class="wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow" style="flex-basis:25%"></div>
</div>
<p>图像拼接对这款设备来说非常重要，因为原始图像是将两台相机拍摄的图像并排呈现，看起来就是两个圆圈。官方称，这可以通过移动应用程序（我现在就有这个应用程序）或名为 ActionDirector 的 PC 软件来完成。后者现在已经被放弃了，而且不仅下载链接已被删除，激活服务器也已经被关闭。我设法跳过了激活，但软件已经太旧，无法再正确完成图像的处理。</p>
<p>也有其他解决方案可用于拼接这类相机拍摄的图像和视频，许多人还分享了他们在拼接这种特定机型生成的原始文件时使用的配置文件，但都不如手机软件附带的拼接算法好用。在该软件推出九年后的今天，手机的处理能力已经大大提高，可以在快速且合理的时间内完成运算。</p>
<figure class="wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-default is-cropped wp-block-gallery-1 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex">
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="1024" data-id="6088" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/SAM_100_0012-1024x1024.png" alt="" class="wp-image-6088" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/SAM_100_0012-1024x1024.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/SAM_100_0012-300x300.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/SAM_100_0012-150x150.png 150w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/SAM_100_0012-768x768.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/SAM_100_0012-1536x1536.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/SAM_100_0012-2048x2048.png 2048w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/SAM_100_0012-200x200.png 200w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/SAM_100_0012-500x500.png 500w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/SAM_100_0012-1000x1000.png 1000w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">通过官方的手机配套应用程序实现的缝合效果。</figcaption></figure>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="1024" data-id="6087" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/360_0012-1024x1024.png" alt="" class="wp-image-6087" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/360_0012-1024x1024.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/360_0012-300x300.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/360_0012-150x150.png 150w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/360_0012-768x768.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/360_0012-1536x1536.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/360_0012-2048x2048.png 2048w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/360_0012-200x200.png 200w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/360_0012-500x500.png 500w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/360_0012-1000x1000.png 1000w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">非官方解决方案的最佳缝合效果。</figcaption></figure>
</figure>
<p>回到缝合。在手机应用中没有明确的选项，相机本身也没有这个选项。实际情况是，当照片从相机加载到手机上查看或保存在手机上时，应用程序会首先下载图像，然后自动进行拼接。在进度条上，两者各占一半，前 50%为下载，后 50%为图像处理。文件也需要在手机连接到 WiFi 信号且没有互联网的情况下下载。</p>
<p>非常遗憾的是，我无法找到能让我使用 WiFi Direct 功能的办法，即使该功能可以避免手机连接到相机的 WiFi 信号时失去连接。我认为这并不是什么大问题，因为我并不指望自己会长时间使用这款设备，这样就不会与外界失去联系太久。尽管如此，这还是有点不方便。</p>
<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="nhs-block-anchor-3">静态图片</h2>
<p>在开始前，需要说清楚：这款产品是在 360° 内容刚刚开始兴起时推出的，那时即使是专业制作公司也都处于起步阶段。时代限制了他们能在这款相机中安装的硬件，这只是两个 1500 万像素的手机摄像头。有趣的是，它并没有表现出那个时代设备的许多常见缺陷——在光线充足的环境中，它大部分时候都能内生成整体清晰的图像。以下是展示其巅峰水平的一个示例：</p>
<div class='wp-block-bpgb-panorama align' id='bpgbPanorama-a8992e18-c209-4fde-b939-ba771248b3ef' data-attributes='{"cId":"a8992e18-c209-4fde-b939-ba771248b3ef","panoImage":{"id":null,"url":"https:\/\/c86.moe\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/SAM_100_0065.png.webp","alt":"","title":""},"height":"512px","rotateSpeed":0.25,"className":"","align":"","panoType":"image","panoVideo":{"id":null,"url":"","title":""},"width":"100%","autoRotate":true,"hideControl":true,"autoPlay":true,"videoMute":true,"videoLoop":true,"alignment":"center","pll_lang":""}'>
<style>
#bpgbPanorama-a8992e18-c209-4fde-b939-ba771248b3ef {
text-align: center;
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#bpgbPanorama-a8992e18-c209-4fde-b939-ba771248b3ef .bpgbPanorama {
width: 100%;
height: 512px;
}
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<div class='bpgbPanorama'></div>
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<p class="has-text-align-center"><a href="https://assets.c86.moe/xr-pano/?mode=mono&url=wp-content/uploads/2025/04/SAM_100_0065.png.webp" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">打开此图片的 WebXR 体验</a></p>
<p>在这张照片中，仍然存在一些明显的问题：</p>
<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>太阳给朝向它半球的图像上打上了五颜六色的眩光，这是由相机上方厚厚的保护层造成的，而且这些光斑并不局限于阳光照射的区域；</li>
<li>在两个半球相接和图像拼接的地方，在较暗的区域（地面）有一些非常明显的拼接痕迹，这是由于一侧的光线光照过强造成的。</li>
<li>太阳造成的白色区域并没有得到很好的控制，在最极端的情况下，它会覆盖一部分比较细但是实心的物品；</li>
</ul>
<p>另一方面，对于同时代的产品来说，也有一些值得称道的地方：</p>
<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>大部分地方的缝合区域难以一眼识别；</li>
<li>两台相机的曝光和对焦保持一致，避免出现更明显的图像差异；</li>
<li>相机自动选择的 ISO 和曝光水平总体上是正确的，大部分区域的曝光和成像也都是正确的。</li>
<li>生成的图像分辨率高达 3000 万像素，非常适合在 VR 中观看，几米外的大型文本依然清晰可辨；</li>
</ul>
<p>然而，作为一项过时的产品，它所使用的摄像头和算法受到了当时技术的限制，这意味着它像同时期的手机一样，无法在弱光条件下生成令人满意的图像。以下是同一室内场景在开灯和关灯时的对比：</p>
<div class="wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-4 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex">
<div class="wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow"> <div class='wp-block-bpgb-panorama align' id='bpgbPanorama-443361d0-db0a-4c67-9017-610d571b75ff' data-attributes='{"cId":"443361d0-db0a-4c67-9017-610d571b75ff","panoImage":{"id":null,"url":"https:\/\/c86.moe\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/SAM_100_0055.png.webp","alt":"","title":""},"height":"418px","rotateSpeed":0.25,"className":"","align":"","panoType":"image","panoVideo":{"id":null,"url":"","title":""},"width":"100%","autoRotate":true,"hideControl":true,"autoPlay":true,"videoMute":true,"videoLoop":true,"alignment":"center","pll_lang":""}'>
<style>
#bpgbPanorama-443361d0-db0a-4c67-9017-610d571b75ff {
text-align: center;
}
#bpgbPanorama-443361d0-db0a-4c67-9017-610d571b75ff .bpgbPanorama {
width: 100%;
height: 418px;
}
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<div class='bpgbPanorama'></div>
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<p class="has-text-align-center">光线充足的环境<br><a href="https://assets.c86.moe/xr-pano/?mode=mono&url=wp-content/uploads/2025/04/SAM_100_0055.png.webp" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">打开此图片的 WebXR 体验</a></p>
</div>
<div class="wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow"> <div class='wp-block-bpgb-panorama align' id='bpgbPanorama-8e7c1a85-a479-48ff-82b0-af3b4d877d79' data-attributes='{"cId":"8e7c1a85-a479-48ff-82b0-af3b4d877d79","panoImage":{"id":null,"url":"https:\/\/c86.moe\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/SAM_100_0069.png.webp","alt":"","title":""},"height":"418px","rotateSpeed":0.25,"className":"","align":"","panoType":"image","panoVideo":{"id":null,"url":"","title":""},"width":"100%","autoRotate":true,"hideControl":true,"autoPlay":true,"videoMute":true,"videoLoop":true,"alignment":"center","pll_lang":""}'>
<style>
#bpgbPanorama-8e7c1a85-a479-48ff-82b0-af3b4d877d79 {
text-align: center;
}
#bpgbPanorama-8e7c1a85-a479-48ff-82b0-af3b4d877d79 .bpgbPanorama {
width: 100%;
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</style>
<div class='bpgbPanorama'></div>
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<p class="has-text-align-center">较暗的环境<br><a href="https://assets.c86.moe/xr-pano/?mode=mono&url=wp-content/uploads/2025/04/SAM_100_0069.png.webp" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">打开此图片的 WebXR 体验</a></p>
</div>
</div>
<p>在黑暗的场景中，噪点的增加非常明显，但我相信其效果实际上要好于当时销售的绝大多数移动设备，而且可以清楚地看到在尽可能准确地反映和处理细节方面所做的努力。在光线较亮的场景中，我们还可以看到阳光似乎对窗户及其周围区域的图像造成了一些清晰度问题。在光线强烈直射的室内场景中，这种问题更加明显，例如以下在 IWM North 拍摄的场景：</p>
<div class='wp-block-bpgb-panorama align' id='bpgbPanorama-9b7020c4-b72d-441b-b8cb-75c0c1e2221c' data-attributes='{"cId":"9b7020c4-b72d-441b-b8cb-75c0c1e2221c","panoImage":{"id":null,"url":"https:\/\/c86.moe\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/SAM_100_0063.png.webp","alt":"","title":""},"height":"512px","rotateSpeed":0.25,"className":"","align":"","panoType":"image","panoVideo":{"id":null,"url":"","title":""},"width":"100%","autoRotate":true,"hideControl":true,"autoPlay":true,"videoMute":true,"videoLoop":true,"alignment":"center","pll_lang":""}'>
<style>
#bpgbPanorama-9b7020c4-b72d-441b-b8cb-75c0c1e2221c {
text-align: center;
}
#bpgbPanorama-9b7020c4-b72d-441b-b8cb-75c0c1e2221c .bpgbPanorama {
width: 100%;
height: 512px;
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<div class='bpgbPanorama'></div>
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<p class="has-text-align-center"><a href="https://assets.c86.moe/xr-pano/?mode=mono&url=wp-content/uploads/2025/04/SAM_100_0063.png.webp" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">打开此图片的 WebXR 体验</a></p>
<p>虽然这个问题在光线不直接、且占整个画面相当大的部分时不会出现，而且处理得相当好：</p>
<div class='wp-block-bpgb-panorama align' id='bpgbPanorama-dbc9b598-afea-4123-96ca-8333ff085e4d' data-attributes='{"cId":"dbc9b598-afea-4123-96ca-8333ff085e4d","panoImage":{"id":null,"url":"https:\/\/c86.moe\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/SAM_100_0025.png.webp","alt":"","title":""},"height":"512px","rotateSpeed":0.25,"className":"","align":"","panoType":"image","panoVideo":{"id":null,"url":"","title":""},"width":"100%","autoRotate":true,"hideControl":true,"autoPlay":true,"videoMute":true,"videoLoop":true,"alignment":"center","pll_lang":""}'>
<style>
#bpgbPanorama-dbc9b598-afea-4123-96ca-8333ff085e4d {
text-align: center;
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<div class='bpgbPanorama'></div>
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<p class="has-text-align-center"><a href="https://assets.c86.moe/xr-pano/?mode=mono&url=wp-content/uploads/2025/04/SAM_100_0025.png.webp" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">打开此图片的 WebXR 体验</a></p>
<p>总之，它能以相当不错的分辨率拍摄出拼接良好的 360° 球形图像，质量也不错，但在日光下与现代同类产品相比略逊一筹，而在强光直射或黑暗条件下则相对不足。考虑到我使用这款相机的主要用途是拍摄室外风景或光线充足的室内场景，我认为它在大多数情况下都能胜任工作。</p>
<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="nhs-block-anchor-4">视频录制</h2>
<p>在视频录制方面，它的分辨率明显较低，最大分辨率为 3840*1920。三星称这是 4K 视频，但实际情况是，它离这一标准还稍有差距，尽管差距相当小。与静态图像类似，该相机在光线条件良好的情况下拍摄视频时表现不错，在某些情况下甚至非常出色，但在光线条件较差的情况下表现较差，而在夜间则非常糟糕。以下是在受控环境中使用冷却后刚开启的荧光灯拍摄的测试视频——房间的光线是逐渐变亮的，我们可以观察到照度变化时的图像表现：</p>
<iframe src="//player.bilibili.com/player.html?bvid=BV1mcdvYsEHy" width=100% style="aspect-ratio: 16/9;" scrolling="no" border="0" frameborder="no" framespacing="0" allowfullscreen="true"></iframe>
<p>有一些有趣的现象。在黑暗中，图像还是一如既往地糟糕，到处都是噪点，物体在视觉上几乎无法辨认，物体的形状也是模糊粗糙。随着整个环境的光照增加，图像的视觉质量也越来越好，逐渐进入了可以接受的范围。图像拼接始终保持一致和准确，考虑到拼接区域包含重复的图案，而且当室内光线充足且无法再清晰看到室外的微弱光线时，应当是不太容易分辨且对拼接算法要求极高。</p>
<p>如果在虚拟现实头显或大型环形屏幕上观看，整个视频会非常模糊，因为 4K 视频实际上并不能满足它们的需求，放大后人眼和大脑都无法看到画面中足够的细节。通过查看其他例子，我发现 8K 视频应该可以满足要求，但同时它们也非常大，难以处理，超出了这台相机的能力范围。因此，这款相机制作的视频可能适合社交媒体和博客，但不能用于任何严肃的用途，因为产出视频的质量实在难以满足需求。</p>
<p>尽管有 360 视频，但它还允许使用其中一个摄像头以 16:9 格式拍摄标准 1080P 分辨率的视频。我个人并不完全理解这一决定，因为 4:3 或 1:1 格式的视频应该更符合他们使用的硬件，同时也更适合在社交媒体上分享。我猜他们可能是考虑到了市场对 GoPro 的使用及喜爱，认为它可以取代动作相机的部分功能。下面是一个带音频的例子，在阳光明媚的日子里，一辆双层巴士在巴士道上快速行驶，Gear 360 安装在三脚架上，放置在上层的景观玻璃后：</p>
<iframe src="//player.bilibili.com/player.html?bvid=BV1mcdvYsERT" width=100% style="aspect-ratio: 16/9;" scrolling="no" border="0" frameborder="no" framespacing="0" allowfullscreen="true"></iframe>
<p>我认为，对于发发朋友圈、写写博客来说，如果与三脚架配合使用，视频质量还是令人满意的。虽然图像稳定并不是这个产品上的卖点，三星也没有对防抖能力进行着重宣传，但它仍能应对崎岖路面和柴油发动机产生的轻微抖动。音频质量可以接受，但并不专业，不过也与现在的手机音质相当接近了。毫无疑问，它的拍摄角度很广，足以捕捉面前发生的大多数事件。</p>
<p>作为一款“运动相机”，它可能并不是称职的：这个设备能够完成的 H.265 编码最大码率令人尴尬，致使许多移动物体在场景中快速移动时会不断模糊，例如附近树上的叶子。但它仍然可以清晰地捕捉到大多数较大的物体，但与目前在售的运动相机相比，其水平显然是被甩开了几条街。</p>
<p>我没有遇到拍摄视频时设备很快就会过热的问题，这似乎是这款设备的一个通病。但在视频拍摄过程中和拍摄结束后，设备确实会变得相当热。另外值得注意的是，360 视频的拼接其实相当稳定，没有出现拼接错误和抖动的迹象——这是当时和现在许多竞争对手都不具备的品质。</p>
<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="nhs-block-anchor-5">2017 新款</h2>
<p>三星有一个坏习惯，那就是给新产品起一个非常相似且容易混淆的名字，这款产品也不例外。“Gear 360 (2017)” 应该是我手上这款 “Gear 360” 的后继产品，其型号与手表的命名法类似，为 SM-R210。然而，如果我认为 2016 年款是一款 “试图做到最好的新颖产品”，那么 2017 年款更像是一款充满妥协的产品：</p>
<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>它可以拍摄真正的 4K 视频，但相机和照片的分辨率只有一半；</li>
<li>它的缝合效果更好，但在视频中会频繁出现明显的变化；</li>
<li>它有更好的稳定性，但最终结果仍不尽如人意；</li>
<li>它的体积变小了，但无法再稳定地站在平面上；</li>
<li>它的电池续航更长，但不再有可更换电池；</li>
<li>夜间性能更好，但仍然很糟糕；</li>
<li>它还不容易过热，HDR 效果更好；</li>
<li>主观而言，它的音质更差，没有低音和高音。</li>
</ul>
<p>除了外形尺寸的改变可能是为了有更好的握持感之外，我认为所有的改进要么是仓促而为，要么是建立在相机硬件减少的基础上。根据三星的技术规格，它们采用了相同的（可能是专用的）名为 “DRIMe5s” 的芯片。处理像素的减少当然会降低处理能耗，从而减少发热。</p>
<p>在类似的条款下，其他方面的改进可能也是合理的。在视频录制方面，这一点非常明显——2017 型号只能录制高达 24fps 的 4K 视频，而 2016 型号的伪 4K 视频可以达到 30fps，这很可能是运算能力限制造成的。当需要处理的像素减少时，肯定会有更多的计算能力用于其他资源密集型改进。</p>
<p>我还认为，取消内置三脚架以换取含电池手柄的决定是一个愚蠢的举动。他们给用户提供了一个额外的橡胶圈，以获得更好的稳定效果，但正如一位评论家正确指出的那样，现在该设备和这个免费配件看起来都像是某种在夜间使用的情趣玩具，而实际上这玩意在夜间使用的体验却很糟糕。</p>
<p>从今天的角度来看，2017 型号还有一个天然的缺点，就是没有可更换的电池。三星有一个众所周知的电池问题，如果一段时间不使用，这些设备的内部电池也会出现类似问题。更换电池需要对机器进行全面拆卸，这对相机来说并不是一件好事。</p>
<p>因此，如果想获得这些设备中的一款，请选择 2016 型号。Q.E.D.</p>
<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="nhs-block-anchor-6">总结</h2>
<p>考虑到价格，我认为这是一款非常值得使用和拥有的设备。虽然要拍摄出好的照片或视频肯定需要购买三脚架（现代设备对三脚架的需求较少），但我仍然认为，无论是否有兼容的手机，它都是一款相对易于使用的设备，而且在我目前的设置下可以拍摄出高质量的图像和视频。这款设备如此出色，以至于目前我根本没有购买第二台 360° 设备的动力，即使是那些规格更高的设备，因为我的使用情况不会经常超出我这款设备能提供给我的能力。</p>
<p>拥有一项“过时”的技术产品仍然意味着有一天它可能会在没有适当警告的情况下发生故障，但从它能够陪伴我度过可预见的未来的时间来看，这种风险是可以接受的。小巧的外形也意味着我可以轻松地将它与自拍杆搭配使用，进行快速设置和拍摄，即使是装上了三脚架，它也可以很方便装进我随身的砂狼白子邮差包里。我将继续使用手机拍摄 3D 全景和普通照片，因为它们在这些领域确实更胜一筹。</p>
<p>此外，我的宿舍楼外又一次开满了樱花。和往年一样，看起来的确非常漂亮。</p>
<div class='wp-block-bpgb-panorama align' id='bpgbPanorama-d801f293-1d2d-4ab2-98fc-6483cc463ca7' data-attributes='{"cId":"d801f293-1d2d-4ab2-98fc-6483cc463ca7","panoImage":{"id":null,"url":"https:\/\/c86.moe\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/SAM_100_0082.png.webp","alt":"","title":""},"height":"512px","rotateSpeed":0.25,"className":"","align":"","panoType":"image","panoVideo":{"id":null,"url":"","title":""},"width":"100%","autoRotate":true,"hideControl":true,"autoPlay":true,"videoMute":true,"videoLoop":true,"alignment":"center","pll_lang":""}'>
<style>
#bpgbPanorama-d801f293-1d2d-4ab2-98fc-6483cc463ca7 {
text-align: center;
}
#bpgbPanorama-d801f293-1d2d-4ab2-98fc-6483cc463ca7 .bpgbPanorama {
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<p class="has-text-align-center"><a href="https://assets.c86.moe/xr-pano/?mode=mono&url=wp-content/uploads/2025/04/SAM_100_0082.png.webp" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">打开此图片的 WebXR 体验</a></p>
]]></content:encoded>
<wfw:commentRss>https://chise.hachiroku.uk/zh/essay/sm-c200/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
<slash:comments>2</slash:comments>
</item><item>
<title>优柔寡断之箭中的优柔寡断者</title>
<link>https://chise.hachiroku.uk/zh/essay/indecisive-man-and-arrow/</link>
<comments>https://chise.hachiroku.uk/zh/essay/indecisive-man-and-arrow/#comments</comments>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[Chise Hachiroku]]></dc:creator>
<pubDate>Fri, 04 Apr 2025 22:17:19 +0000</pubDate>
<category><![CDATA[生活随笔]]></category>
<category><![CDATA[利物浦]]></category>
<category><![CDATA[愚蠢]]></category>
<category><![CDATA[旅行]]></category>
<category><![CDATA[曼彻斯特]]></category>
<category><![CDATA[英国]]></category>
<category><![CDATA[铁路]]></category>
<guid isPermaLink="false">https://chise.hachiroku.uk/?p=5965</guid>
<description><![CDATA[考虑到今天发生的这一大堆破事，我想我终究是个愚蠢的人。]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[
<div class="wp-block-nhsblocks-card1 nhsuk-grid-column-width nhsuk-care-card nhsuk-care-card--type"><div class="nhsuk-care-card__heading-container"><h3 class="nhsuk-care-card__heading"><span><span class="nhsuk-u-visually-hidden">Non-urgent advice: </span><span class="nhsuk-care-card__heading-text">这篇文章包含 WebXR 体验的链接。</span></span></h3><span class="nhsuk-care-card__arrow" aria-hidden="true"></span></div><div class="nhsuk-care-card__content">这些链接允许使用 VR 解决方案的访客将全景图像填充整个视图并带来沉浸式体验，并在条件允许时呈现 3D 效果。需要支持 WebXR 或 WebVR 的设备，如 Quest、Pico、Vision Pro 等。<a href="https://immersiveweb.dev/#supporttable">点此查看 WebXR 的软件支持情况。</a></div></div>
<p>考虑到今天发生的事情，我想我终究是个愚蠢的人。</p>
<p>这一切都要从我今天早上决定开始我计划了两个星期的旅行说起：上周五我睡过头了，周三又被一个在线会议打乱了计划，最后到了本周五，我想我可以成行了——于是我买了一张非高峰期的当日往返机票，然后我就去了最近的“优柔寡断之箭”（火车站）——三个小时后我发现自己似乎在这里做了许多优柔寡断的事。</p>
<p>我决定从曼彻斯特牛津路站出发，它可能是曼彻斯特市中心最小的几个站之一，但那里离我住的地方交通更为便利。我在谷歌地图上规划了去那里的公交路径，却完全忘记了谷歌地图的公交车实时跟踪功能不仅不可靠而且几乎永远不准。结果，我比预计的时间晚了 10 分钟到达火车站，在眼前看着火车离开。</p>
<figure class="wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-default is-cropped wp-block-gallery-2 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex">
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" data-id="5947" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/20250404_100820-1024x768.png" alt="" class="wp-image-5947" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/20250404_100820-1024x768.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/20250404_100820-300x225.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/20250404_100820-768x576.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/20250404_100820-1536x1152.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/20250404_100820-2048x1536.png 2048w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">是的，车站并不大。</figcaption></figure>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" data-id="5948" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/20250404_112028-1024x768.png" alt="" class="wp-image-5948" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/20250404_112028-1024x768.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/20250404_112028-300x225.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/20250404_112028-768x576.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/20250404_112028-1536x1152.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/20250404_112028-2048x1536.png 2048w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">下一次服务在一个半小时后到达。</figcaption></figure>
</figure>
<p>(如果我后来确实成行，并且发布行程的照片，肯定会有人大喊这个车站有直达目的地的列车，但那是威尔士交通局的线路，而我只有北方铁路的车票）</p>
<p>这种当日往返票的好处是，我可以乘坐一个或多个运营商提供的从 9:00 到午夜的所有服务，还可以选择从多个车站出发。现在的我，因为过去的我的优柔寡断而吃尽了苦头，认为我绝对应该选择曼彻斯特皮卡迪利站出发，不仅因为从那里班次更多（也包括我可以在牛津路站乘坐的班次），还因为那里有<strong>直达</strong>目的地的列车，而我现在的选择则必须在一个小站进行同站台换乘。</p>
<p>是的，你差不多猜到了，今天这两件事对我都不利。</p>
<p>第一件事就是我错过了第一班火车，不得不忍受漫长的等待，而等待时间本应正好是一个小时。最后实际上多等了一个多小时，以及列车延误的 30 分钟。而我的第一趟车和第二趟车之间只有 20 分钟的间隔——本来应该是同站台换乘的。我错过了第二程。</p>
<p>这种当日返程票的好处……没关系，只是我不需要像限定车次的车票一样去售票处申请扩大车票可用车次的范围。我不得不在换乘站等待 50 分钟后到达的下一趟列车，这真是一种煎熬。在这 50 分钟里，我弄清楚了我正在等待的、这第二程的、每小时一班的列车的前几个停靠站：它是从利兹出发，途经<strong>曼彻斯特维多利亚</strong>。</p>
<div class='wp-block-bpgb-panorama align' id='bpgbPanorama-193a02f7-9e05-40d0-87c5-0e1c5c6108e3' data-attributes='{"cId":"193a02f7-9e05-40d0-87c5-0e1c5c6108e3","panoImage":{"id":null,"url":"https:\/\/c86.moe\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/PANO_20250404_122714.360.png.avif","alt":"","title":""},"height":"418px","rotateSpeed":0.25,"className":"","align":"","panoType":"image","panoVideo":{"id":null,"url":"","title":""},"width":"100%","autoRotate":true,"hideControl":true,"autoPlay":true,"videoMute":true,"videoLoop":true,"alignment":"center","pll_lang":""}'>
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<p class="has-text-align-center"><a href="https://assets.c86.moe/xr-pano/?url=https://assets.c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/PANO_20250404_122714.vr_.jpg">(该图片有 3D 版本，点击此处查看）</a></p>
<p>也就是说，曼彻斯特皮卡迪利站和维多利亚站<strong>都有</strong>直达目的地的航班。我从牛津路站去这两个地方需要多长时间？都不到 25 分钟。非常合理地，沮丧的情绪涌上心头让我感觉难以承受。如果我选择不等上一个小时，与此同时除了听音乐和在网上与其他人兜圈子争论一番，我就应该前往别的火车站并且坐上直达目的地的列车。</p>
<p>哦，我等的火车到站了。车站屏幕上显示，下一班是我的车。或者，是这样吗？</p>
<p>不，不是这样的，一小时后，我坐上了第一段列车一个小时后的下一班。好极了。当我意识到这一点时，距离最后能换乘上前往我目的地的列车的站台已经过了三站，这意味着我必须在被抓到并被罚款之前，立即搭乘这条线路的反向列车。那我还要等多久呢？又是一个小时！</p>
<p>不过，至少这个车站的景色还是不错的，天空湛蓝，月台和棚屋虽然陈旧，但维护得并不差，通过一些质量欠佳的扬声器播放的管弦乐令人困惑，但也让人感到些许舒适。我带了我的高保真播放器和耳机来隔离这些噪音……等等，我的播放器在哪里……它在我房间里充电，出发时太匆忙我忘了带出来。</p>
<div class='wp-block-bpgb-panorama align' id='bpgbPanorama-17df54a6-8b1f-40a2-8f0d-3dd7b70adfbd' data-attributes='{"cId":"17df54a6-8b1f-40a2-8f0d-3dd7b70adfbd","panoImage":{"id":null,"url":"https:\/\/c86.moe\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/PANO_20250404_125648.png.avif","alt":"","title":""},"height":"418px","rotateSpeed":0.25,"className":"","align":"","panoType":"image","panoVideo":{"id":null,"url":"","title":""},"width":"100%","autoRotate":true,"hideControl":true,"autoPlay":true,"videoMute":true,"videoLoop":true,"alignment":"center","pll_lang":""}'>
<style>
#bpgbPanorama-17df54a6-8b1f-40a2-8f0d-3dd7b70adfbd {
text-align: center;
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#bpgbPanorama-17df54a6-8b1f-40a2-8f0d-3dd7b70adfbd .bpgbPanorama {
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<p class="has-text-align-center"><a href="https://assets.c86.moe/xr-pano/?url=https://assets.c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/PANO_20250404_125216.vr_.jpg">(该图片也有 3D 版本，点击此处查看）</a></p>
<p>当我为自己的优柔寡断造成的后果和被一连串事件完全搅乱的心态感到不舒服时，我的身体也开始感到疲惫涌上心头，感到非常不舒服：对自己、对列车、对站台上的信息系统都感到困惑。我知道，如果我决定继续旅行，我至少要到下午 3:30 才能开始我的观光之旅，而且一般来说，英国的夜间旅行并不十分安全，所以我选择了直接返回曼彻斯特，不过这次我在曼彻斯特皮卡迪利站下车。这是一趟直达车。</p>
<p>下周的某一天，我可能会再试一次，但那是留给未来的，自我感觉更良好的，我。</p>
]]></content:encoded>
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</item><item>
<title>湖区及温德米尔湖（坎布里亚郡，英国）</title>
<link>https://chise.hachiroku.uk/zh/gallery/windermere/</link>
<comments>https://chise.hachiroku.uk/zh/gallery/windermere/#comments</comments>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[Chise Hachiroku]]></dc:creator>
<pubDate>Tue, 25 Mar 2025 22:48:10 +0000</pubDate>
<category><![CDATA[我的小小相簿]]></category>
<category><![CDATA[旅行]]></category>
<category><![CDATA[湖区]]></category>
<category><![CDATA[英国]]></category>
<category><![CDATA[风景]]></category>
<guid isPermaLink="false">https://chise.hachiroku.uk/?p=5682</guid>
<description><![CDATA[湖区（Lake District）是坎布 […]]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[
<p><em>湖区</em>（<em>Lake</em> <em>District</em>）是坎布里亚的一个小区域，因附近的<em>湖区国家公园（Lake District National Park</em>）而得名，与我在本网站上分享照片的 <a href="https://chise.hachiroku.uk/zh/gallery/snowdonia/"><em>斯诺多尼亚国家公园（Snowdonia National Park</em>）附近地区</a>十分相似。尽管如此，湖区却是一个更有名、旅游业更发达的地方，这一点您可以从这里和那里的许多商业基础设施中清楚地看到。</p>
<p>这次成行也依赖了作为大学宿舍租户所享受的优惠出行。与上次不同的是，这次活动没有为参加者规划路线，票价也只包括往返位于水头区（Waterhead）安布尔赛德码头（Ambleside Pier）的来回包车。我当时眼里就只有这片湖，甚至忘了北边其实还有一座山。尽管如此，有了上一次在威尔士登山时险些摔个狗啃泥的经历，即使我当时意识到了北边有可以攀爬的山峰我可能也不会真的去爬。再往南下，我还游览了低木湾（Low Wood Bay）、布洛克霍尔（Brockhole）和温德米尔（Windermere）市中心。</p>
<p>本文包含 Scaniverse 制作的高斯溅射图像。这些嵌入将使您连接到 Scaniverse 网站。</p>
<h2 class="wp-block-heading">水头区（Waterhead）</h2>
<p>正如其名，水头区是水体旁最北端的一块区域。这里旅游产业高度发达，包括多家酒店、餐厅、游船租赁服务和提供湖上观光渡船服务的码头。</p>
<figure class="wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-2 is-cropped wp-block-gallery-3 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex">
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><a href="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250322_112649.png" target="_blank"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" data-id="5593" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250322_112649-1024x768.png" alt="" class="wp-image-5593" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250322_112649-1024x768.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250322_112649-300x225.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250322_112649-768x576.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250322_112649-1536x1152.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250322_112649-2048x1536.png 2048w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></a></figure>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><a href="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250322_162210.png" target="_blank"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" data-id="5668" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250322_162210-1024x768.png" alt="" class="wp-image-5668" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250322_162210-1024x768.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250322_162210-300x225.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250322_162210-768x576.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250322_162210-1536x1152.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250322_162210-2048x1536.png 2048w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></a></figure>
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<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><a href="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250322_162803.png" target="_blank"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" data-id="5671" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250322_162803-1024x768.png" alt="" class="wp-image-5671" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250322_162803-1024x768.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250322_162803-300x225.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250322_162803-768x576.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250322_162803-1536x1152.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250322_162803-2048x1536.png 2048w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></a></figure>
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<p>我喜欢这个湖，也喜欢在我常去的城市中难得一见的蓝天。英国的海洋性气候为英俊的“蓝天先生”增添了白云，为保存完好的湖水和部分海岸线增色不少。有两样东西我觉得非常有趣：冰淇淋店和观湖座椅。在这个度假胜地云集的地区，许多夫妇，包括那些已经退休的夫妇的有爱身影，着实在自然景观上增加了野外难见的温情场景。</p>
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<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><a href="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250322_112952.png" target="_blank"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" data-id="5594" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250322_112952-1024x768.png" alt="" class="wp-image-5594" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250322_112952-1024x768.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250322_112952-300x225.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250322_112952-768x576.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250322_112952-1536x1152.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250322_112952-2048x1536.png 2048w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></a><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">GIVE ME CHOCO♡</figcaption></figure>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><a href="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250322_111952.png" target="_blank"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" data-id="5589" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250322_111952-1024x768.png" alt="" class="wp-image-5589" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250322_111952-1024x768.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250322_111952-300x225.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250322_111952-768x576.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250322_111952-1536x1152.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250322_111952-2048x1536.png 2048w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></a><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">海边一对可爱的退休夫妇</figcaption></figure>
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<h2 class="wp-block-heading">布洛克霍尔（Brockhole）</h2>
<p>湖区的游客中心位于布洛克霍尔，但实际上这里有很多娱乐基础设施。考虑到我的年龄和体型，我要真参加这些活动恐怕会像是一个傻子。不过，这里还有一个码头，提供划船出租服务。湖边还有一片小树林，湖边有一条狭窄的小路，还有几个小平台可以通往湖边。</p>
<div class="wp-block-nhsblocks-card1 nhsuk-grid-column-width nhsuk-care-card nhsuk-care-card--type is-style-warning-callout"><div class="nhsuk-care-card__heading-container"><h3 class="nhsuk-care-card__heading"><span><span class="nhsuk-u-visually-hidden">Non-urgent advice: </span><span class="nhsuk-care-card__heading-text">个人安全</span></span></h3><span class="nhsuk-care-card__arrow" aria-hidden="true"></span></div><div class="nhsuk-care-card__content"><p>我去这个地方的时候天气相对晴朗，而且该地区一段时间内没有下过较大的雨。如果地面潮湿，穿过湖边小路以及穿过树林的小道可能会很危险，因为在松软的土地上非常容易滑倒。</p></div></div>
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<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><a href="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250322_125625.png" target="_blank"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" data-id="5598" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250322_125625-1024x768.png" alt="" class="wp-image-5598" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250322_125625-1024x768.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250322_125625-300x225.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250322_125625-768x576.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250322_125625-1536x1152.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250322_125625-2048x1536.png 2048w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></a><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">生长在倒木上的蘑菇</figcaption></figure>
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<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><a href="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250322_124655.png" target="_blank"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" data-id="5596" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250322_124655-1024x768.png" alt="" class="wp-image-5596" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250322_124655-1024x768.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250322_124655-300x225.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250322_124655-768x576.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250322_124655-1536x1152.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250322_124655-2048x1536.png 2048w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></a><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">等待出租的划艇</figcaption></figure>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><a href="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250322_130739.png" target="_blank"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" data-id="5605" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250322_130739-1024x768.png" alt="" class="wp-image-5605" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250322_130739-1024x768.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250322_130739-300x225.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250322_130739-768x576.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250322_130739-1536x1152.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250322_130739-2048x1536.png 2048w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></a></figure>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><a href="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250322_125818.png" target="_blank"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" data-id="5601" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250322_125818-1024x768.png" alt="" class="wp-image-5601" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250322_125818-1024x768.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250322_125818-300x225.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250322_125818-768x576.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250322_125818-1536x1152.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250322_125818-2048x1536.png 2048w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></a></figure>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><a href="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250322_125759.png" target="_blank"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" data-id="5600" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250322_125759-1024x768.png" alt="" class="wp-image-5600" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250322_125759-1024x768.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250322_125759-300x225.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250322_125759-768x576.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250322_125759-1536x1152.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250322_125759-2048x1536.png 2048w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></a></figure>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><a href="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250322_130342.png" target="_blank"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" data-id="5603" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250322_130342-1024x768.png" alt="" class="wp-image-5603" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250322_130342-1024x768.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250322_130342-300x225.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250322_130342-768x576.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250322_130342-1536x1152.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250322_130342-2048x1536.png 2048w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></a></figure>
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<div style="height:8px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div>
<div class='wp-block-bpgb-panorama align' id='bpgbPanorama-a33f5a3c-253b-4346-8914-f465609a3c14' data-attributes='{"cId":"a33f5a3c-253b-4346-8914-f465609a3c14","panoImage":{"id":null,"url":"https:\/\/c86.moe\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/PANO-20250322_124924.png.avif","alt":"","title":""},"height":"418px","rotateSpeed":0.25,"className":"","align":"","panoType":"image","panoVideo":{"id":null,"url":"","title":""},"width":"100%","autoRotate":true,"hideControl":true,"autoPlay":true,"videoMute":true,"videoLoop":true,"alignment":"center","pll_lang":""}'>
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<h2 class="wp-block-heading">温德米尔（Windermere）</h2>
<p>这个地区的商店、餐馆甚至公共交通都非常昂贵，而且选择非常有限。通过查看地图，我发现最近的有火车站的大城镇是温德米尔（Windermere），有几条每小时一班的公交线路。</p>
<div class="wp-block-nhsblocks-card1 nhsuk-grid-column-width nhsuk-care-card nhsuk-care-card--type"><div class="nhsuk-care-card__heading-container"><h3 class="nhsuk-care-card__heading"><span><span class="nhsuk-u-visually-hidden">Non-urgent advice: </span><span class="nhsuk-care-card__heading-text">巴士时间</span></span></h3><span class="nhsuk-care-card__arrow" aria-hidden="true"></span></div><div class="nhsuk-care-card__content"><p>在英国，巴士到达和停靠的时间会由于路况以及乘客行为等产生与时刻表的偏差，而这种偏差可能会造成巴士提前到达并快速过站。有时巴士可能会在一些不影响其他车辆行进的站台停留一段时间使自己与时刻表吻合，但这并不是一定会发生的。考虑到各线路较大的时间间隔，非常建议至少提前10分钟到达站台以免错过重要的班次并扰乱游览计划。此区域的巴士运营商Stagecoach有提供实时追踪的APP，但此服务向来不可靠且准确度极低。</p></div></div>
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<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><a href="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250322_134233.png" target="_blank"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" data-id="5606" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250322_134233-1024x768.png" alt="" class="wp-image-5606" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250322_134233-1024x768.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250322_134233-300x225.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250322_134233-768x576.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250322_134233-1536x1152.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250322_134233-2048x1536.png 2048w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></a><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">优柔寡断的箭头</figcaption></figure>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><a href="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250322_144054.png" target="_blank"><img decoding="async" width="768" height="1024" data-id="5607" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250322_144054-768x1024.png" alt="" class="wp-image-5607" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250322_144054-768x1024.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250322_144054-225x300.png 225w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250322_144054-1152x1536.png 1152w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250322_144054-1536x2048.png 1536w" sizes="(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px" /></a><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">巴士服务基本上都是每小时一班。</figcaption></figure>
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<div style="height:1.75em" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div>
<p>那里有一家 Booths 商店，我在那里买到了一些相对物美价廉的热食。和我遇到过的许多人一样，热食柜台的人都非常友善，而结账和问询处的工作人员则……不太给力，还不让我拍照。火车站由北方铁路公司（Northern Railway）管理并配备工作人员，其面积实际上比<a href="https://chise.hachiroku.uk/zh/gallery/dtn-rds/">丹顿（Denton</a>）还要小。</p>
<h2 class="wp-block-heading">低木湾</h2>
<p>在水头（Waterhead）和布洛克霍尔（Brockhole）之间，坐落着低木湾（Low Wood Bay），这就是专题图片的拍摄地。巴士运营商 Stagecoach 声称，这里有全大不列颠岛最美丽的公交站台，只不过这个站台实在有些危险，因为它坐落于车行道旁不足 30 厘米宽的一条水泥地。然而，那里的景色确实非常心旷神怡。</p>
<p>车道和水体之间有一块草坪，是消磨时间和欣赏湖面美景的好地方。草坪上摆放的椅子也很方便，我就坐在那里欣赏了一个多小时。</p>
<p>欣赏这样的美景还可以配上轻柔流畅的音乐，其中我觉得《蓝色多瑙河》特别适合在微风拂过波光粼粼的水面时，静静地坐在椅子上、坐在码头上、或在湖边漫步。</p>
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<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><a href="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250322_150313.png" target="_blank"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" data-id="5673" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250322_150313-1024x768.png" alt="" class="wp-image-5673" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250322_150313-1024x768.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250322_150313-300x225.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250322_150313-768x576.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250322_150313-1536x1152.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250322_150313-2048x1536.png 2048w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></a></figure>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><a href="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250322_155927.png" target="_blank"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" data-id="5675" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250322_155927-1024x768.png" alt="" class="wp-image-5675" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250322_155927-1024x768.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250322_155927-300x225.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250322_155927-768x576.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250322_155927-1536x1152.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250322_155927-2048x1536.png 2048w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></a></figure>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><a href="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250322_160214.png" target="_blank"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" data-id="5676" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250322_160214-1024x768.png" alt="" class="wp-image-5676" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250322_160214-1024x768.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250322_160214-300x225.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250322_160214-768x576.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250322_160214-1536x1152.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250322_160214-2048x1536.png 2048w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></a></figure>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><a href="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250322_150320.png" target="_blank"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" data-id="5674" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250322_150320-1024x768.png" alt="" class="wp-image-5674" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250322_150320-1024x768.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250322_150320-300x225.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250322_150320-768x576.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250322_150320-1536x1152.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250322_150320-2048x1536.png 2048w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></a></figure>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><a href="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250322_160433.png" target="_blank"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" data-id="5678" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250322_160433-1024x768.png" alt="" class="wp-image-5678" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250322_160433-1024x768.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250322_160433-300x225.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250322_160433-768x576.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250322_160433-1536x1152.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250322_160433-2048x1536.png 2048w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></a></figure>
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<h2 class="wp-block-heading">感想</h2>
<p>在我访问该地区期间，我看到了很多中国面孔或讲中文的人，甚至还看到有人穿着体现爱国主义的服装。考虑到湖区在中国游客和旅游公司中压倒性的受欢迎程度，这其实并不奇怪，不过我觉得这种热度有些过于虚高。</p>
<p>尽管如此，这里湖泊周边的旅游业确实发展得很好，有很多选择，而且自然风光也保存良好。虽然我对所看到的景色并不感到特别惊讶或惊奇，但这很可能是因为两年前我在威尔士看到过类似的景色。不过，我确实觉得这里的景色相当令人放松。</p>
<p>这里能让导游带领游客参观的地方并不多，而且这里的博物馆大多是以盈利为目的的旅游企业。享受这里的最好方式或许就是在湖边的度假村住上几晚，除了欣赏自然美景、放松心情之外，什么都不用想。如果有一生挚爱相伴身旁，这里几乎一定会珍贵且难忘的体验。</p>
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]]></content:encoded>
<wfw:commentRss>https://chise.hachiroku.uk/zh/gallery/windermere/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
<slash:comments>4</slash:comments>
</item><item>
<title>丹顿（Denton, DTN）和雷迪什南（Reddish South, RDS），英国乘客最少的车站之一</title>
<link>https://chise.hachiroku.uk/zh/gallery/dtn-rds/</link>
<comments>https://chise.hachiroku.uk/zh/gallery/dtn-rds/#comments</comments>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[Chise Hachiroku]]></dc:creator>
<pubDate>Sun, 16 Mar 2025 20:05:45 +0000</pubDate>
<category><![CDATA[我的小小相簿]]></category>
<category><![CDATA[旅行]]></category>
<category><![CDATA[英国]]></category>
<category><![CDATA[铁路]]></category>
<guid isPermaLink="false">https://chise.hachiroku.uk/?p=5532</guid>
<description><![CDATA[丹顿（Denton）和雷迪什南（Reddish South）是斯塔利布里奇（Stalybridge）和斯托克波特（Stockport）之间一条几乎废弃的铁路线上的两个车站。每周六上午都会有一列火车往返于这两条铁路之间。]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[
<p>阿什顿支线（Ashton Branch）是一条几乎废弃的铁路线，连接着斯塔利布里奇（Stalybridge）和斯托克波特（Stockport）。虽然两端目前仍是人口密集、使用率高的车站，但丹顿（Denton）和雷迪什南（Reddish South）这两个车站以及通往这两个车站的铁轨却很少使用。虽然只有少数人使用这两站，但从技术上讲，它们并没有被废弃——北方列车公司（Northern Trains）每周运营两班从斯塔利布里奇到斯托克波特的列车，然后沿着（大部分）相同的轨道和站台返回。</p>
<p>可以说，这些服务的时间基本上是一周中人口最少、需求最少的时间，因为人们不会在清晨（8:30~9:30）从一个居住区前往另一个居住区。这两条线路存在的原因也非常的英国：根据法律规定，每周必须在每个车站停靠至少一班列车，而关闭站台和线路需要正式、复杂、昂贵的程序，还不一定能最终成功。</p>
<p>这种服务被称为“议会列车”。在丹顿被宣布为连续数个财政年度使用率最低的火车站并成为地区和国家头条新闻之后，这两趟车也成为了这类线路中最为熟知的一条。我于 2025 年 3 月 15 日访问丹顿时，乘坐的是由北方列车公司运营的 156 级（Class 156）列车。如果没有售出表明可能会乘客需要上下车的车票，列车将不会在丹顿或雷迪什南站停靠。</p>
<p>当天有 7 人从丹顿上车，在雷德迪什南下车（去程），回程则相反。这实际上比平均人数要多得多，因为在 2023/24 财年，丹顿很多应当是周都没有人来访，而全年也总共只有 54 人。</p>
<p>我的行程由两段组成：8:42-45 从丹顿（Denton）到雷迪什南（Reddish South），20 分钟后返程。可直接从北方列车公司购买“非高峰当日往返车票”（Off-peak Day Return），总价为 3.60 英镑。</p>
<h2 class="wp-block-heading">丹顿站（DTN）</h2>
<div class="wp-block-nhsblocks-card1 nhsuk-grid-column-width nhsuk-care-card nhsuk-care-card--type is-style-immediate"><div class="nhsuk-care-card__heading-container"><h3 class="nhsuk-care-card__heading"><span><span class="nhsuk-u-visually-hidden">Non-urgent advice: </span><span class="nhsuk-care-card__heading-text">个人安全</span></span></h3><span class="nhsuk-care-card__arrow" aria-hidden="true"></span></div><div class="nhsuk-care-card__content"><p>请注意，丹顿周边的一些地区并不安全。虽然丹顿站总体上位于相对安全的区域，但绝不建议在没有任何安全预防措施的情况下独自前往那里。在我访问期间，我一直随身携带一个摄像头（执法记录仪）以备拍摄，并且还让我的手机和智能手表待命以防万一。</p></div></div>
<p>丹顿站距离名为“丹顿站”的公交车站不远，有 201 和 202 路公交车，每隔几分钟就有一班。这两路公交车还停靠其他有固定班次的火车站，包括皮卡迪利站（Manchester Piccadilly）、贝尔维站（Belle Vue）、海德中央火车站（Hyde Central）和哈特斯利站（Hattersley）。车站附近有一个被称为戈顿（Gorton）的地区，该地区因犯罪率高和治安不佳而臭名昭著。</p>
<figure class="wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-2 wp-block-gallery-9 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex">
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><a href="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_074517.png" target="_blank"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" data-id="5509" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_074517-1024x768.png" alt="" class="wp-image-5509" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_074517-1024x768.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_074517-300x225.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_074517-768x576.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_074517-1536x1152.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_074517-2048x1536.png 2048w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></a></figure>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><a href="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_080115.png" target="_blank"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" data-id="5511" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_080115-1024x768.png" alt="" class="wp-image-5511" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_080115-1024x768.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_080115-300x225.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_080115-768x576.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_080115-1536x1152.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_080115-2048x1536.png 2048w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></a></figure>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><a href="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_074728.png" target="_blank"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" data-id="5494" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_074728-1024x768.png" alt="" class="wp-image-5494" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_074728-1024x768.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_074728-300x225.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_074728-768x576.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_074728-1536x1152.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_074728-2048x1536.png 2048w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></a></figure>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><a href="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_074559.png" target="_blank"><img decoding="async" width="768" height="1024" data-id="5510" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_074559-768x1024.png" alt="" class="wp-image-5510" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_074559-768x1024.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_074559-225x300.png 225w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_074559-1152x1536.png 1152w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_074559-1536x2048.png 1536w" sizes="(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px" /></a><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">我们可以看到丹顿车站附近的公交站点。</figcaption></figure>
</figure>
<div style="height:20px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div>
<p>尽管如此，车站本身似乎得到了合理的维护。在我旅行的这一天，气温接近 0°C，地面相当湿润，如果还没有从夜间形成的小冰粒的覆盖中恢复过来的话。令人惊讶的是，有人在铁楼梯和站台周围撒了一些盐，以减少结冰并增加摩擦力，这很可能是在前一天晚上或之前进行的。我认为这不是车站管理公司（北方公司）所为，因为在雷迪什南站的地面上没有发现。</p>
<figure class="wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-2 is-cropped wp-block-gallery-10 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex">
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><a href="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_074859.png" target="_blank"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" data-id="5472" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_074859-1024x768.png" alt="" class="wp-image-5472" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_074859-1024x768.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_074859-300x225.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_074859-768x576.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_074859-1536x1152.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_074859-2048x1536.png 2048w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></a></figure>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><a href="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_080704.png" target="_blank"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" data-id="5468" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_080704-1024x768.png" alt="" class="wp-image-5468" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_080704-1024x768.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_080704-300x225.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_080704-768x576.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_080704-1536x1152.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_080704-2048x1536.png 2048w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></a></figure>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><a href="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_081102.png" target="_blank"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" data-id="5512" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_081102-1024x768.png" alt="" class="wp-image-5512" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_081102-1024x768.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_081102-300x225.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_081102-768x576.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_081102-1536x1152.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_081102-2048x1536.png 2048w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></a></figure>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><a href="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_080333.png" target="_blank"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" data-id="5484" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_080333-1024x768.png" alt="" class="wp-image-5484" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_080333-1024x768.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_080333-300x225.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_080333-768x576.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_080333-1536x1152.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_080333-2048x1536.png 2048w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></a></figure>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><a href="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_080607.png" target="_blank"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" data-id="5467" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_080607-1024x768.png" alt="" class="wp-image-5467" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_080607-1024x768.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_080607-300x225.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_080607-768x576.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_080607-1536x1152.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_080607-2048x1536.png 2048w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></a><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">GMPTE 标志和名称仍清晰可见，后来被 TfGM 所取代。也就是说，这个标志应该是 2011 年之前的。</figcaption></figure>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><a href="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_081118.png" target="_blank"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" data-id="5465" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_081118-1024x768.png" alt="" class="wp-image-5465" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_081118-1024x768.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_081118-300x225.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_081118-768x576.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_081118-1536x1152.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_081118-2048x1536.png 2048w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></a></figure>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><a href="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_074952.png" target="_blank"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" data-id="5481" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_074952-1024x768.png" alt="" class="wp-image-5481" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_074952-1024x768.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_074952-300x225.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_074952-768x576.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_074952-1536x1152.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_074952-2048x1536.png 2048w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></a></figure>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><a href="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_074748.png" target="_blank"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" data-id="5471" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_074748-1024x768.png" alt="" class="wp-image-5471" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_074748-1024x768.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_074748-300x225.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_074748-768x576.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_074748-1536x1152.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_074748-2048x1536.png 2048w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></a><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">指南桥站（Guide Bridge）和斯塔利布里奇站（Stalybridge）是沿这条轨道最接近且有定期班次的车站。</figcaption></figure>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><a href="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_075642.png" target="_blank"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" data-id="5482" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_075642-1024x768.png" alt="" class="wp-image-5482" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_075642-1024x768.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_075642-300x225.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_075642-768x576.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_075642-1536x1152.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_075642-2048x1536.png 2048w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></a><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">在附近的草地上，尤其是没有直接暴露在阳光下的地方，仍然可以看到白色的冰粒。</figcaption></figure>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><a href="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_074649.png" target="_blank"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" data-id="5470" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_074649-1024x768.png" alt="" class="wp-image-5470" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_074649-1024x768.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_074649-300x225.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_074649-768x576.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_074649-1536x1152.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_074649-2048x1536.png 2048w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></a></figure>
</figure>
<div style="height:20px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div>
<p>车站本身有一个中央大站台，为两条轨道服务，但两侧都没有标注任何编号或方向。实际上，所有列车服务都会在其运行方向的右侧开门，这样每周都会交替使用两个月台。铁轨和车站本身可以说是整体维护良好，因为几乎没有重大损坏的迹象，月台本身也大多是平整的。</p>
<p>车站基本上具备了列车运行所需的最基本条件，包括黄色的车道和人行道，以防有人摔倒或被吸入车底；命名标志牌；一些信息牌；以及 “犹豫不决之箭”（英国铁路标识）和蓝色的椅子。还有一些装饰品，但似乎都是利益集团捐赠的。这里没有售票机，没有电，没有厕所，没有闭路电视，无障碍设施为零，没有工作人员也是情理之中。</p>
<p>您可能已经注意到“丹顿车站之友”（Friends of Denton Station）的字样出现在了花圃中。这是一个倡导在丹顿站开行定期列车的组织，事实上，这个组织在停止运营后已经事实上解体了。雷迪什南站也有类似的组织，稍后讨论。</p>
<figure class="wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-2 is-cropped wp-block-gallery-11 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex">
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><a href="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_080023.png" target="_blank"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" data-id="5520" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_080023-1024x768.png" alt="" class="wp-image-5520" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_080023-1024x768.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_080023-300x225.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_080023-768x576.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_080023-1536x1152.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_080023-2048x1536.png 2048w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></a><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">红色交通信号灯仍在工作！</figcaption></figure>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><a href="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_084036.png" target="_blank"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" data-id="5515" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_084036-1024x768.png" alt="" class="wp-image-5515" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_084036-1024x768.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_084036-300x225.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_084036-768x576.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_084036-1536x1152.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_084036-2048x1536.png 2048w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></a><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">火车来了</figcaption></figure>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><a href="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_082014.png" target="_blank"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" data-id="5513" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_082014-1024x768.png" alt="" class="wp-image-5513" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_082014-1024x768.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_082014-300x225.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_082014-768x576.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_082014-1536x1152.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_082014-2048x1536.png 2048w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></a><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">黄色的标志是铁轨上的现代标记，而铁制的标志则要古老得多，肯定是上个世纪的产物。</figcaption></figure>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><a href="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_075822.png" target="_blank"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" data-id="5495" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_075822-1024x768.png" alt="" class="wp-image-5495" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_075822-1024x768.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_075822-300x225.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_075822-768x576.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_075822-1536x1152.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_075822-2048x1536.png 2048w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></a></figure>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><a href="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_075308.png" target="_blank"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" data-id="5487" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_075308-1024x768.png" alt="" class="wp-image-5487" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_075308-1024x768.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_075308-300x225.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_075308-768x576.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_075308-1536x1152.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_075308-2048x1536.png 2048w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></a></figure>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><a href="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_075538.png" target="_blank"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" data-id="5488" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_075538-1024x768.png" alt="" class="wp-image-5488" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_075538-1024x768.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_075538-300x225.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_075538-768x576.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_075538-1536x1152.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_075538-2048x1536.png 2048w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></a></figure>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><a href="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_081849.png" target="_blank"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" data-id="5500" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_081849-1024x768.png" alt="" class="wp-image-5500" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_081849-1024x768.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_081849-300x225.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_081849-768x576.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_081849-1536x1152.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_081849-2048x1536.png 2048w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></a></figure>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><a href="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_074941.png" target="_blank"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" data-id="5486" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_074941-1024x768.png" alt="" class="wp-image-5486" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_074941-1024x768.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_074941-300x225.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_074941-768x576.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_074941-1536x1152.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_074941-2048x1536.png 2048w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></a></figure>
</figure>
<div style="height:20px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div>
<p>火车轨道以及保持铁路可用性所需的基本设施似乎都保持得很好，例如铺设得非常好的地基。不过，以前的站台似乎要长很多，多出来的这部分现在被绿色隔离带挡住了。由于两侧都留有较大的空隙，因此越过这些空隙并不太危险，但可以看出，围栏后老站台的状态显然是要糟糕许多的。</p>
<h2 class="wp-block-heading">雷迪什南站 (RDS)</h2>
<p>实际上，雷迪什南站比丹顿站可能会更不需要恢复定期服务一些。虽然该地区的人口密度要高得多，但是附近还有另一个火车站——雷迪什北站（Reddish North），该站配备了工作人员和各种现代设施。由于在丹顿和雷迪什南之间的铁轨合二为一，因此在雷迪什南站只有一条铁轨经过。</p>
<p><em>雷迪什南站之友</em>（<em>Friends of Reddish South Station</em>，简称 FROSS）成立于 2007 年，致力于恢复通往曼彻斯特维多利亚的定期服务。FROSS 还接手了丹顿站之前开展的工作，但此后似乎只做了一些无关紧要的事情。不过，由于其他原因，维护者和英国铁路交通管理局也为该站投入了更多资源。</p>
<figure class="wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-2 is-cropped wp-block-gallery-12 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex">
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><a href="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_084640.png" target="_blank"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" data-id="5474" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_084640-1024x768.png" alt="" class="wp-image-5474" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_084640-1024x768.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_084640-300x225.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_084640-768x576.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_084640-1536x1152.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_084640-2048x1536.png 2048w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></a></figure>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><a href="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_085248.png" target="_blank"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" data-id="5478" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_085248-1024x768.png" alt="" class="wp-image-5478" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_085248-1024x768.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_085248-300x225.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_085248-768x576.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_085248-1536x1152.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_085248-2048x1536.png 2048w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></a></figure>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><a href="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_085634.png" target="_blank"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" data-id="5466" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_085634-1024x768.png" alt="" class="wp-image-5466" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_085634-1024x768.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_085634-300x225.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_085634-768x576.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_085634-1536x1152.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_085634-2048x1536.png 2048w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></a></figure>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><a href="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_084829.png" target="_blank"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" data-id="5475" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_084829-1024x768.png" alt="" class="wp-image-5475" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_084829-1024x768.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_084829-300x225.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_084829-768x576.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_084829-1536x1152.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_084829-2048x1536.png 2048w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></a></figure>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><a href="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_085033.png" target="_blank"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" data-id="5521" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_085033-1024x768.png" alt="" class="wp-image-5521" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_085033-1024x768.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_085033-300x225.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_085033-768x576.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_085033-1536x1152.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_085033-2048x1536.png 2048w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></a></figure>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><a href="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_090058.png" target="_blank"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" data-id="5469" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_090058-1024x768.png" alt="" class="wp-image-5469" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_090058-1024x768.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_090058-300x225.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_090058-768x576.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_090058-1536x1152.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_090058-2048x1536.png 2048w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></a></figure>
</figure>
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<p>很明显，这个车站至少在 2011 年后由 TfGM 维护过一次，他们在这里到处都贴上了自己的标志，还为唯一的一个站台编了号，虽然我怀疑这样做的必要性。同样值得注意的是，附近的彩绘墙壁上有多件艺术品。车站外还有一个更现代的标志。</p>
<p>有趣的是，这个比丹顿站年轻数十年的月台地面实际上比丹顿的月台要糟糕，它们不仅凹凸不平，而且不是用混凝土修建的。这是因为雷迪什南站并不是在最初的铁路规划之内，而是后来加建的。</p>
<p>那么，为什么在近些年他们受到的待遇会如此不同呢？这是因为…</p>
<figure class="wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-default is-cropped wp-block-gallery-13 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex">
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><a href="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_085116.png" target="_blank"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" data-id="5504" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_085116-1024x768.png" alt="" class="wp-image-5504" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_085116-1024x768.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_085116-300x225.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_085116-768x576.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_085116-1536x1152.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_085116-2048x1536.png 2048w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></a></figure>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><a href="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_085348.png" target="_blank"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" data-id="5479" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_085348-1024x768.png" alt="" class="wp-image-5479" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_085348-1024x768.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_085348-300x225.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_085348-768x576.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_085348-1536x1152.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_085348-2048x1536.png 2048w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></a></figure>
</figure>
<div style="height:20px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div>
<p>显然，有一位工党议员曾经来过这里两次，2018 年来过一次，2022 年又来过一次，很可能是为了自己和政党的政治利益。这太符合英国的政治原理了。</p>
<p>仔细观察这个车站就会发现，过去这里的布局很可能与附近的丹顿站非常相似，甚至相同，都有两个月台和两条轨道，后来其中一个月台被泥土填满，轨道也被全部拆除。尽管如此，这里的痕迹仍然非常明显：桥上有一个未使用的隧道，完全可以容纳一列火车；隧道附近还有一些植物和泥土尚未完全覆盖的地方，保留着一些站台的痕迹。</p>
<figure class="wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-2 wp-block-gallery-14 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex">
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><a href="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_085803.png" target="_blank"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" data-id="5506" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_085803-1024x768.png" alt="" class="wp-image-5506" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_085803-1024x768.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_085803-300x225.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_085803-768x576.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_085803-1536x1152.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_085803-2048x1536.png 2048w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></a></figure>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><a href="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_084822.png" target="_blank"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" data-id="5502" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_084822-1024x768.png" alt="" class="wp-image-5502" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_084822-1024x768.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_084822-300x225.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_084822-768x576.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_084822-1536x1152.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_084822-2048x1536.png 2048w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></a><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">从 1974 年起，这个地方就不在柴郡了！</figcaption></figure>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><a href="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_090822.png" target="_blank"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" data-id="5497" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_090822-1024x768.png" alt="" class="wp-image-5497" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_090822-1024x768.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_090822-300x225.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_090822-768x576.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_090822-1536x1152.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_090822-2048x1536.png 2048w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></a></figure>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><a href="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_085603.png" target="_blank"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" data-id="5492" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_085603-1024x768.png" alt="" class="wp-image-5492" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_085603-1024x768.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_085603-300x225.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_085603-768x576.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_085603-1536x1152.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_085603-2048x1536.png 2048w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></a></figure>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><a href="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_085004.png" target="_blank"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" data-id="5485" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_085004-1024x768.png" alt="" class="wp-image-5485" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_085004-1024x768.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_085004-300x225.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_085004-768x576.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_085004-1536x1152.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_085004-2048x1536.png 2048w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></a></figure>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><a href="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_085403.png" target="_blank"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" data-id="5523" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_085403-1024x768.png" alt="" class="wp-image-5523" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_085403-1024x768.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_085403-300x225.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_085403-768x576.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_085403-1536x1152.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_085403-2048x1536.png 2048w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></a><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">第二个平台可能所在的位置，以及剩余的隧道和一些未被植物覆盖的平台遗迹。</figcaption></figure>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><a href="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_085640.png" target="_blank"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" data-id="5519" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_085640-1024x768.png" alt="" class="wp-image-5519" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_085640-1024x768.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_085640-300x225.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_085640-768x576.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_085640-1536x1152.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_085640-2048x1536.png 2048w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></a><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">用于加固路基的备用石块，放在网络铁路公司的袋子里。</figcaption></figure>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><a href="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_085039.png" target="_blank"><img decoding="async" width="768" height="1024" data-id="5490" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_085039-768x1024.png" alt="" class="wp-image-5490" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_085039-768x1024.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_085039-225x300.png 225w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_085039-1152x1536.png 1152w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_085039-1536x2048.png 1536w" sizes="(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px" /></a></figure>
</figure>
<div style="height:20px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div>
<p>该站没有供人休息的椅子，这一点令人遗憾。月台也同样被缩短了，但正在使用的月台以外的情况似乎与未使用的月台相同。</p>
<p>有趣的是，关于这个车站历史的更详细记录已公开展出：</p>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large is-style-default"><a href="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_085753.png" target="_blank" rel=" noreferrer noopener"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_085753-1024x768.png" alt="" class="wp-image-5480" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_085753-1024x768.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_085753-300x225.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_085753-768x576.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_085753-1536x1152.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_085753-2048x1536.png 2048w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></a></figure>
<div style="height:20px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div>
<h2 class="wp-block-heading">未来？</h2>
<p>从我的角度来看，我觉得这些车站今后的恢复不会不会比现在更好了。这些地区并没有提供定期服务的明确需求，而且恢复服务的成本可能会远远高于其可能带来的利润。斯托克波特（Stockport）与雷迪什南（Reddish South）之间的的轨道合并也意味着，甚至很难将轨道转换为 Metrolink（有轨电车）服务。</p>
<p>当地社团开展的活动令人钦佩，多年来一直在进行，但据我了解，在今天的背景下，这种活动已不再有希望。如果看一下丹顿的地图，很快就会发现周围大部分都是商业区，整个地区都有频繁的公共汽车服务，白天每隔几分钟就有一班，直到午夜也有定期的服务。</p>
<p>在我访问那里期间，我遇到了三组人：一个是火车爱好者父亲和他的儿子，他们真的把自己生活的一部分与这个车站和班次联系在了一起；一个是四口之家，大儿子在为某个项目录制视频；还有两个自媒体人，他们去那里只是因为那里可以拍出夺人眼球的视频。这里没有游客，附近的人们也已经熟悉了乘坐公交车去他们需要去的地方。更不用说，周边还有海德路（A57）、曼彻斯特外环（M60）和 M67 这几条交通要道。</p>
<p>自 Arriva Northern Rail 破产后，北方列车目前由运输部运营。他们现在可能没有兴趣关闭这项服务，但出于降低成本的考虑，或类似甚至更荒谬的原因，他们迟早会有动力推动这一进程。尽管如此，在我的短途旅行中，我仍然发现在大曼彻斯特郡交通管理局最新的数字化工作中，列车出发数据仍然与路过公交上的显示屏同步，跨越铁路的桥梁仍然受到监控，以防任何潜在的风险影响每周六可能经过两次的列车。</p>
<figure class="wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-default is-cropped wp-block-gallery-15 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex">
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" data-id="5517" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_074151-1024x768.png" alt="" class="wp-image-5517" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_074151-1024x768.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_074151-300x225.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_074151-768x576.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_074151-1536x1152.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_074151-2048x1536.png 2048w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></figure>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" data-id="5505" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_085130-1024x768.png" alt="" class="wp-image-5505" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_085130-1024x768.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_085130-300x225.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_085130-768x576.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_085130-1536x1152.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/20250315_085130-2048x1536.png 2048w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></figure>
</figure>
]]></content:encoded>
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<slash:comments>5</slash:comments>
</item><item>
<title>在乙巳蛇年的起始，回望过去的一年。</title>
<link>https://chise.hachiroku.uk/zh/essay/wood-dragon-reflection/</link>
<comments>https://chise.hachiroku.uk/zh/essay/wood-dragon-reflection/#respond</comments>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[Chise Hachiroku]]></dc:creator>
<pubDate>Tue, 28 Jan 2025 00:00:59 +0000</pubDate>
<category><![CDATA[生活随笔]]></category>
<category><![CDATA[年度总结]]></category>
<category><![CDATA[思考]]></category>
<guid isPermaLink="false">https://chise.hachiroku.uk/?p=5309</guid>
<description><![CDATA[如果要给过去的一年选一个关键词，我会选择“认知”，即使这似乎是一个什么都发生了，但却什么都没发生的年份。]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[
<p>对我而言，过去的木龙年（2024），似乎是一个什么都发生了，但却什么都没发生的年份。如果要给过去的一年选一个关键词，我会选择“认知”，这也是对我过去一年发生的诸多重要事件的最好总结。</p>
<p>由于《双生视界》的关服，今年便没再有值得专门记录的，单凭一腔热血便冲动行事，或是曾闹出一番动静的场合了。取而代之的，更多是每个人都会遇到的一些鸡毛蒜皮的“小事”，以及即将面对的、需要谨慎面对的、可能决定人生的“大事”。不过这样的时光才本应是人生的常态，即使胸中那名为“青春”的心情或许因此而偶尔隐隐作痛。</p>
<p>如果说再往前的水兔年（2023）是我最“肆意妄为”的一年，那么木龙年的前几个月便是为前一年青春的做派收拾残局的时间。一时冲动下花费巨量准备时间前往荷兰的竞赛，却忽略了一份作业交错了地方而险些导致成绩一落千丈；火急火燎地尝试赶上所有的截止日期，却忽略了学年项目本质上进度落后的事实……这一切都在去年的前三个月肆意爆发，险些将我整个吞噬。</p>
<p>于是，我选择利用复活节不长的三周假期回一趟家，暂时逃离曼彻斯特的喧嚣。与其说是放假，不如说是逃难——刚回到家的我状态其实很差，在种种病症的“加持”下其实已经仿佛是行尸走肉。虽然短短的三周内我最后并没有完成什么，回到曼彻斯特后便立刻开始了长达一个月的高强度学习周期，但是从极度紧张的环境中稍稍逃离带来的松弛感却对我受益匪浅：生活还是需要放松的，一直紧绷着神经并不会有好结果。</p>
<p>另一个很重要的事件发生在这年的二月份，在学校的安排下我有幸能与弗兰克·马吉森教授进行了一次一对一的咨询。虽然时间不长，但这次对话中马吉森教授提出的许多观点和猜测对于我对自己的认知有着莫大的裨益。通过利用他提供的宝贵信息，我得以更好地去了解自己心理上潜在的需求，并在一些以前觉得棘手的场合也有了有效的处理方案。许多人说，了解自己的过程是最难的，我认为能在生命的第24年有如此体会，属实幸运。</p>
<p>在六月至八月，我完成了在华为技术有限公司的实习。虽然实习工资无法覆盖上海巨大的生活成本，但这段经历却在其他方面对我非常重要。虽然这个过程中我并没有学到很多新知识，很多时候也只是对现有知识的运用，但是在大集体中团队协作的经历确实是以往通过游戏等渠道无法真正体会到的，也更感受到人与人沟通的重要性与困难性。如果还有什么的话，大概是第一次获得了他人来自真心的称赞和认同，这也是纸面成绩无法带来的。</p>
<p>除此之外，今年也是与人更多接触的一年。除了实习期间与团队成员频繁的沟通外，今年我还成功与五位透过《双生视界》认识的店长在线下见面了。虽然见面时都互相对对方的容貌感到些许惊讶，但三次各四个小时的会面、以及两次短暂的邂逅，也各产生了非常有趣的灵魂交互，获得了以往事件中从未认真考虑的全新视角。即使人与人之间的沟通可能是困难的，但真正交互之时产生的喜悦却也是真实存在的。</p>
<p>但，无论是会面、实习、探索自我、还是对放松的全新体会，最终能落到“认知”这个词上。虽然少了许多青春特有的冲动，却同时多了许多成年应当有的几分思考。同样是过去的一年，有一位长者曾这样对我说：</p>
<div class="wp-block-nhsblocks-quote1 nhsuk-inset-text"><span class="nhsuk-u-visually-hidden">Quote / Testimonial: </span><div class="nhsuk-inset-text__quote">其实人生只有三件重要的大事，一是来自好大学的文凭，二是一份不错的工作，三是与合适的人组建一个稳定的家庭。看成功的人，往往是三者皆有，而其中哪怕一个有差，可能都会带来很大的麻烦。而这三件事，都是人在年轻的时候要决定的。</div><span class="nhsuk-inset-text__quote-attribution"></span></div>
<p>仔细想想，何尝不是呢？虽然我有幸能误打误撞进入还不错的学府，但即将进入人生第25年的我，已经是时候要准备回答这三个问题中的后两个了。与其说是对自己的认知，可能这一年带给我的，更多的还是对自己人生与未来的感知和认识：已经是时候放下属于青春的浮躁，为自已添加一份面对这个世界、面对即将到来的一切所需的沉稳，从青春悄然毕业。</p>
]]></content:encoded>
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<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
</item><item>
<title>通过 Cloudflare Zero Trust 进行互联网、内网和自建出口访问</title>
<link>https://chise.hachiroku.uk/zh/kludge/cf-zero-trust-gateway/</link>
<comments>https://chise.hachiroku.uk/zh/kludge/cf-zero-trust-gateway/#comments</comments>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[Chise Hachiroku]]></dc:creator>
<pubDate>Fri, 15 Nov 2024 13:22:08 +0000</pubDate>
<category><![CDATA[奇技淫巧]]></category>
<category><![CDATA[Cloudflare]]></category>
<category><![CDATA[ZTNA]]></category>
<category><![CDATA[零信任]]></category>
<guid isPermaLink="false">https://chise.hachiroku.uk/?p=5117</guid>
<description><![CDATA[通过优化的 WARP+ 网络连接互联网，通过隧道访问受保护的服务，并将服务器和计算机设置为网络出口节点，所有这些都可以使用免费版本的 Cloudflare Zero Trust。]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[
<div class="wp-block-nhsblocks-card1 nhsuk-grid-column-width nhsuk-care-card nhsuk-care-card--type is-style-warning-callout"><div class="nhsuk-care-card__heading-container"><h3 class="nhsuk-care-card__heading"><span><span class="nhsuk-u-visually-hidden">Non-urgent advice: </span><span class="nhsuk-care-card__heading-text">请特别注意</span></span></h3><span class="nhsuk-care-card__arrow" aria-hidden="true"></span></div><div class="nhsuk-care-card__content"><p>本文假设用户与 Cloudflare WARP 网络连接良好，Cloudflare Zero Trust 是基于该网络提供的服务。<br/>位于中国内地的用户，可能无法获得与此网络系统的服务器取得稳定连接。</p></div></div>
<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="nhs-block-anchor-0">动机/故事</h2>
<p>与游戏笔记本电脑、工作站或台式机相比，方便小巧的笔记本电脑通常没有足够的计算能力，这是令人不安的一点。我的台式机性能非常高，除了打开大型 Powerpoint 幻灯片或构建 TeX 文件外，我很少需要运行任何计算密集型负载。然而，最近我遇到了一个课堂实验室环节，要求我运行一个虚拟机，并让我的 WSL 通过网络接口与之交互。</p>
<p>正如你可能猜到的那样，这给我带来了一个问题，因为我买了一台使用臭名昭著的<a href="https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/products/sku/202777/intel-core-i5l16g7-processor-4m-cache-up-to-3-0ghz/specifications.html">英特尔® 酷睿™ i5-L16G7 处理器</a>的笔记本电脑。这意味着我要么把重达 20 公斤的台式机带到教室（这是不可能的），要么通过一些隧道在笔记本电脑和台式机之间建立良好的远程连接。</p>
<p>不出所料，许多人可能会建议使用 TeamViewer，当通过 UDP 打洞建立连接时，它可以在两个客户端之间创建<em>大部分</em>可靠的连接。不过，TeamViewer 也受到了跨网络的积极监控，它实际上是一个后门，由在线账户和偶尔起作用的附加身份验证的凭证和机制来保护。</p>
<p>此外，使用 TeamViewer 还意味着没有网络隧道，考虑到本课程稍后的教学和作业要求，这并不是最理想的方法。</p>
<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="nhs-block-anchor-1">基本逻辑——Cloudflare 零信任是如何工作的</h2>
<p>Cloudflare Zero Trust 是一项“零信任网络访问”（<em>Zero Trust Network Access</em>，简称 ZTNA）服务，具体在此不深入探讨。虽然 ZTNA 与 VPN 类似，也可以屏蔽真实 IP 地址，但它能根据用户权限和 IP 地址范围（以及虚拟网络，稍后描述）将流量路由到不同地方，而不是将网络出口限制在单一出口节点，而是根据目的地而定。</p>
<p>从安全角度看，重要的是配置外的互联网节点只能看到零信任出口节点 IP，但同时，如果配置了正确的路由，用户能够访问有权限的、驻留在局域网内的设备和服务。对于 Cloudflare 来说，客户端的信任是基于设备注册过程的。</p>
<p>零信任与网络出口节点之间的连接是通过在其主机上作为服务运行的<code>Cloudflared</code>客户端安装程序创建隧道来完成的。可以将用户设备路由到互联网和多个私有配置的出口节点，也可以将所有流量路由到私有配置的终端（零信任分配的 IP 除外）。</p>
<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-full"><img decoding="async" width="856" height="409" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/ztna-vs-vpn-comparison.png" alt="" class="wp-image-5063" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/ztna-vs-vpn-comparison.png 856w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/ztna-vs-vpn-comparison-300x143.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/ztna-vs-vpn-comparison-768x367.png 768w" sizes="(max-width: 856px) 100vw, 856px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption"><a href="https://www.fortinet.com/content/dam/fortinet/images/cyberglossary/ztna-vs-vpn-comparison.png">VPN 和 ZTNA 的区别</a>，Fortinet</figcaption></figure></div>
<p>零信任服务还为 DNS 查询、网络连接和 HTTP 流量提供可配置的防火墙，并为基于 HTTP（可选 HTTPS）的可执行文件下载提供内置的防病毒检查。这也是公司实施的访问控制的一部分。</p>
<p>总之，本文章中使用的零信任主要是 Cloudflare WARP，但具有可定制的网络流量路由和防火墙规则。通过这项服务，内部服务也可以在有或没有用户身份验证的情况下向网络公开，但这不在本讨论范围之内。</p>
<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="nhs-block-anchor-2">互联网接入——零信任账户和设备注册</h2>
<p>第一部分是将 Cloudflare 账户注册到零信任服务，并添加设备和账户。免费层级足以满足大多数使用情况，最多允许 50 个账户（席位或电子邮件地址），足以满足大多数使用情况。</p>
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<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="685" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/image-3-1024x685.png" alt="" class="wp-image-5095" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/image-3-1024x685.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/image-3-300x201.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/image-3-768x514.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/image-3-1536x1028.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/image-3-2048x1371.png 2048w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></figure>
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<p>要启用零信任账户，请登录<a href="https://dash.cloudflare.com/">Cloudflare 控制面板</a>，点击左侧菜单栏上的零信任（<em>Zero Trust</em>）。然后，按照设置步骤选择免费层级计划。必须添加支持的付款方式，包括 Visa、Master、AmEx、Discover 和 Paypal。在此过程中，有必要选择一个“团队名称”（<em>Team name</em>），该名称可自定义，以后可以更改，并将用于设备注册。</p>
<p>完成这一过程后，下一阶段就是配置“设备注册权限”（<em>Device enrollment permissions</em>），它规定了谁可以将自己的设备注册到零信任团队，可以在设置（<em>Settings</em>） -> WARP 终端（<em>WARP Clients</em>） -> 设备注册（<em>Device enrollment</em>）中找到。最初没有策略（<em>Policy</em>），我们需要创建一个。</p>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="243" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/image-4-1024x243.png" alt="" class="wp-image-5096" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/image-4-1024x243.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/image-4-300x71.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/image-4-768x182.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/image-4-1536x365.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/image-4-2048x486.png 2048w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></figure>
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<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="743" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/image-5-1024x743.png" alt="" class="wp-image-5097" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/image-5-1024x743.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/image-5-300x218.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/image-5-768x557.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/image-5-1536x1115.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/image-5-2048x1487.png 2048w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></figure>
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<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="707" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/image-6-1024x707.png" alt="" class="wp-image-5098" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/image-6-1024x707.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/image-6-300x207.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/image-6-768x530.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/image-6-1536x1060.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/image-6.png 1742w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></figure>
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<p>规则名称（<em>Rule name</em>）可以是任意的，规则操作（<em>Rule action</em>）应该是允许（<em>Allow</em>）的。然后，我们需要指定注册成功所需的条件，有三种——包括（<em>Include</em>）、必须（<em>Require</em>）和排除（<em>Exclude</em>）。要符合条件，要注册的设备必须至少匹配<strong>一个</strong>“包括”选择器、<strong>所有</strong>“必须”选择器，并且<strong>不</strong>匹配任何“排除”选择器。为了简化安全问题，我们可以为“包括”添加一个“电子邮件”（<em>Emails</em>）选择器，并将我们的电子邮件地址添加到列表中，然后点击左侧第二个菜单上的 “保存 “<strong>两次</strong>，一次用于当前规则，另一次用于注册策略。</p>
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<figure class="wp-block-image size-full"><img decoding="async" width="957" height="920" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/image-7.png" alt="" class="wp-image-5099" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/image-7.png 957w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/image-7-300x288.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/image-7-768x738.png 768w" sizes="(max-width: 957px) 100vw, 957px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">首次保存</figcaption></figure>
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<figure class="wp-block-image size-full"><img decoding="async" width="957" height="922" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/image-8.png" alt="" class="wp-image-5100" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/image-8.png 957w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/image-8-300x289.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/image-8-768x740.png 768w" sizes="(max-width: 957px) 100vw, 957px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">第二次保存</figcaption></figure>
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<p>然后，我们就可以继续将设备注册到零信任。第一步是下载 Cloudflare WARP 客户端，<a href="https://one.one.one.one/">可从 1.1.1.1 网站</a>下载，适用于 macOS、Windows、Linux、iOS 和 Android。注册过程开始时，在 WARP 的设置（<em>Settings</em>）/偏好设置（<em>Preferences</em>） -> 账户（<em>Account</em>） -> 零信任中找到零信任注册按钮。现在客户端会询问“团队名称”（<em>Team name</em>），并调用浏览器打开 https://<em>team_name</em>.cloudflareaccess.com/warp 完成设备注册。</p>
<p>该网页将要求提供一个电子邮件地址，该地址必须是之前配置“设备注册权限”（<em>Device enrollment permissions</em>）时列出的地址，如果配置了上述策略以外的其他选择器，情况可能会有所不同。然后，Cloudflare 将向该电子邮件地址发送一封电子邮件，并要求输入六位数的一次性 PIN (OTP)，正确验证后，网页将通过基于链接的调用重定向回 WARP 客户端。</p>
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<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="462" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/image-23-1024x462.png" alt="" class="wp-image-5119" style="width:480px" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/image-23-1024x462.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/image-23-300x135.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/image-23-768x347.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/image-23.png 1485w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></figure></div>
<p>当一个电子邮件地址注册第一台设备时，该电子邮件地址将自动创建一个账户，并占据一个席位。设备可在我的团队（<em>My team</em>） -> 设备（<em>Devices</em>）中管理，用户可在我的团队（<em>My team</em>） -> 用户（<em>Users</em>）中管理。要释放座位，请选择用户，然后单击座位管理（<em>Seat Management</em>）下的红色的“删除用户”（<em>Remove user</em>）按钮。</p>
<p>完成这一阶段后，就可以将 Cloudflare WARP 客户端用作零信任，也就是免费的 WARP+ Unlimited。如果不需要内网访问，也不需要将部分或全部网络连接路由到电脑、Raspberry Pi 或云服务器等终端，那么本文的其余部分就没有必要阅读了。</p>
<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="nhs-block-anchor-3">内联网和屏蔽访问——设置云透明隧道和路由</h2>
<p><em>注意：<code>Cloudflare</code>的某些文档描述了<code>cloudflared</code>的不同用法，但这些用法并不适用。请按照下面提到的说明操作 – 请放心，大多数命令都是 Cloudflare 提供的，与我无关。</em></p>
<p>Cloudflare 称，隧道是<em>“与 Cloudflare 的安全、仅出站连接，用于用户到网络的连接”。</em>这里最重要的是 “出站 “一词——这种连接通常可以通过将 RDP 等入站请求转换为出站请求，绕过防火墙设置的禁止入站连接限制，并允许面向公众的网络服务进行 NAT 穿透。</p>
<p>在此特定用途中，隧道还允许某些 IP 地址的网络流量通过安装的设备出口，并通过零信任网络中的另一层 NAT 从该设备的<code>Cloudflared</code>进程发送和接收响应。相关的出站流量将从客户端传输到 Cloudflare，然后传输到隧道进程，然后继续从主机传输到目的地。</p>
<p>开始之前，必须允许将流量路由到隧道。这可以通过设置（<em>Settings</em>） -> 网络（<em>Network</em>） -> 代理（<em>Proxy</em>）启用，其中主开关应处于启用状态，并启用所需的选项。通常，TCP 和 UDP 就足够了。WARP 到 WARP 连接（<em>WARP to WARP connection</em>）不是必须的，但如果需要，也可以启用。此外，向下滚动一点，还有反病毒检查（<em>AV Inspection</em>）选项，可以启用这些选项以提高安全性。</p>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="412" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/image-9-1024x412.png" alt="" class="wp-image-5101" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/image-9-1024x412.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/image-9-300x121.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/image-9-768x309.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/image-9-1536x618.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/image-9-2048x824.png 2048w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></figure>
<p>要创建和连接隧道，请访问“网络”（<em>Networks</em>）->“隧道”（<em>Tunnels</em>）->“创建隧道”（<em>Create a tunnel</em>）或“添加隧道”（<em>Add a tunnel</em>）。第一个界面是选择隧道类型，选择<code>cloudflared</code>是因为它在不同操作系统和架构中都有广泛的可用性。然后，根据需要命名隧道。</p>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="367" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/image-10-1024x367.png" alt="" class="wp-image-5102" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/image-10-1024x367.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/image-10-300x108.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/image-10-768x276.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/image-10-1536x551.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/image-10-2048x735.png 2048w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></figure>
<p><strong>请勿在配置 WARP 客户端的同时配置隧道。改用 WARP 连接器（仅限 Linux）。</strong></p>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="643" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/image-11-1024x643.png" alt="" class="wp-image-5103" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/image-11-1024x643.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/image-11-300x188.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/image-11-768x483.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/image-11-1536x965.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/image-11-2048x1287.png 2048w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></figure>
<p>然后是安装和连接。选择环境和架构后，网页会显示安装<code>cloudflared</code>或<code>warp</code>和连接隧道的相应说明。对于 Mac、Debian（Ubuntu）、Red Hat 和 Docker，这是通过复制粘贴执行左侧的命令，如果之前安装了<code>cloudflared</code>，则执行右侧的命令。</p>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="410" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/image-12-1024x410.png" alt="" class="wp-image-5104" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/image-12-1024x410.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/image-12-300x120.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/image-12-768x307.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/image-12-1536x614.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/image-12-2048x819.png 2048w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></figure>
<p>不过，我不建议在 Windows 上执行下载和安装的前几个步骤，这最好由 winget 客户端通过在命令提示符或 Powershell 中执行以下命令来完成：</p>
<div class="wp-block-syntaxhighlighter-code "><pre class="brush: powershell; title: ; notranslate">
winget install --id Cloudflare.cloudflared
</pre></div>
<p>完成后，在页面底部的“连接器”（<em>Connectors</em>）部分应能看到连接器信息，然后单击 “下一步”。如果进入下一阶段时未看到连接，仍可稍后确认。</p>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="169" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/image-13-1024x169.png" alt="" class="wp-image-5105" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/image-13-1024x169.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/image-13-300x50.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/image-13-768x127.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/image-13-1536x253.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/image-13-2048x338.png 2048w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></figure>
<p>最后，我们需要路由隧道。在此阶段，我们要决定哪些流量将通过隧道路由。在本例中，我们在页面顶部选择“专用网络”（<em>Private Networks</em>），然后输入一个<a href="https://aws.amazon.com/what-is/cidr/">CIDR</a>，代表预计流量将路由到此隧道的 IP 范围，例如 192.168.0.0/32 代表 192.168.0.0~192.168.0.255，0.0.0.0/0 代表所有流量，以实现屏蔽访问。</p>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="367" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/image-14-1024x367.png" alt="" class="wp-image-5106" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/image-14-1024x367.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/image-14-300x108.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/image-14-768x275.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/image-14-1536x551.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/image-14-2048x734.png 2048w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></figure>
<p>完成上述过程后，我们将被重定向到“隧道”（<em>Tunnels</em>）页面。在该页面上，我们可以看到每条隧道的<em>状态</em>。隧道只有在显示“健康”（<em>HEALTHY</em>）或“退化”（<em>DEGRADE</em>）时才有效，而在显示“断开”（<em>DOWN</em>，连接断开）或“不活动”（<em>INACTIVE</em>，第一次连接未完成）时则无法使用。</p>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="510" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/image-15-1024x510.png" alt="" class="wp-image-5107" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/image-15-1024x510.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/image-15-300x149.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/image-15-768x382.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/image-15-1536x765.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/image-15-2048x1020.png 2048w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></figure>
<p>最后但很重要的一点是，必须确保所覆盖的 IP 范围未被排除在连接之外。有一个默认排除 IP 范围的列表，我们需要对其进行检查。转到设置（<em>Settings</em>）-> WARP 客户端（<em>WARP Clients</em>）->“设备设置”（<em>Device settings</em>）。除非需要自定义配置，否则不需要新的配置文件。对于所有适用的配置文件，请确保路由 IP 通过白名单/黑名单配置包含或不包含在“拆分隧道”（<em>Split tunnels</em>）中。<strong>记住“返回配置文件”（<em>Back to Profile</em>）和“保存配置文件”（<em>Save profile</em>，在底部）以应用更改。</strong>受影响的客户端将自动重新连接以应用更改。</p>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="290" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/image-16-1024x290.png" alt="" class="wp-image-5108" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/image-16-1024x290.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/image-16-300x85.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/image-16-768x217.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/image-16-1536x435.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/image-16-2048x580.png 2048w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></figure>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="221" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/image-17-1024x221.png" alt="" class="wp-image-5109" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/image-17-1024x221.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/image-17-300x65.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/image-17-768x166.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/image-17-1536x331.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/image-17-2048x441.png 2048w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></figure>
<p>此外，还可通过访问路由本地资源（如路由器或仅连接主机网络的虚拟机）来验证配置是否成功。</p>
<p>单个隧道可创建多个路由，可通过点击隧道名称并选择“编辑”（<em>Edit</em>）或点击选项按钮并选择“配置”（<em>Configure</em>）来创建或修改路由。然后，选择页面顶部的“专用网络”（<em>Private Networks</em>）来管理现有路由和添加新路由。也可以通过“网络”（<em>Networks</em>）->“路由”（<em>Routes</em>）来管理所有路由。</p>
<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="nhs-block-anchor-4">更多访问选项——利用虚拟网络配置和切换路由</h2>
<p>最后，我们需要在不同的可能情况之间切换的选项。例如，我们可能希望默认情况下只访问互联网，但又希望连接到局域网进行远程桌面连接，同时不时保留对互联网的访问，或者需要尝试以云服务器的身份向更远的掩码位置发送命令或访问云资源。为了方便起见，我们可以创建“虚拟网络”（Virtural Network，VNets）来区分这些用途，并为它们分配不同的路由。</p>
<p>零信任初始化时创建了一个默认 VNet，因为没有它就无法进行路由选择。可以在设置（<em>Settings</em>）->WARP 客户端（<em>WARP Clients</em>）中创建其他 VNet，然后一直滚动到底部的“虚拟网络”（<em>Virtural networks</em>）。为每个用例创建一个额外的 VNet。</p>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="92" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/image-18-1024x92.png" alt="" class="wp-image-5110" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/image-18-1024x92.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/image-18-300x27.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/image-18-768x69.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/image-18-1536x138.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/image-18-2048x184.png 2048w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></figure>
<p>然后，我们返回“网络”（<em>Networks</em>）->路由（<em>Routes</em>）。现有路由应该已分配给默认 VNet，点击路由即可编辑这些路由。要更改路由所应用的 VNet，请展开“附加设置”（<em>Additional settings</em>）扩展区，然后选择所需的 VNet。<strong>每个 IP 地址只能由每个 VNet 的最多一个路由覆盖。</strong></p>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="128" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/image-19-1024x128.png" alt="" class="wp-image-5111" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/image-19-1024x128.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/image-19-300x37.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/image-19-768x96.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/image-19-1536x191.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/image-19-2048x255.png 2048w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></figure>
<p>VNets 可以通过客户端注册进行切换，在桌面的设置->“带 WARP 的网关”（<em>Gateway with WARP</em>）->“虚拟网络”（<em>Virtual Networks</em>）和手机的设置->“高级”（<em>Advanced</em>）->“连接选项”（<em>Connection Options</em>）->“虚拟网络”（<em>Virtual Networks</em>）中找到。在客户端切换虚拟网络后，会自动重新连接以应用更改。</p>
<p>仅此而已！零信任，快乐冲浪~♪♪</p>
<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="nhs-block-anchor-5">杂项</h2>
<p><strong>不要启用“TLS 解密”（<em>TLS decryption</em>）。</strong>该功能将对通过零信任的所有流量执行中间人攻击，以执行 HTTP 防火墙规则并扫描通过 HTTPS 下载的内容，并将立即阻止对之前访问过的启用 HSTS 的网站的任何访问。建议与“锁定 WARP 开关”（<em>Lock WARP switch</em>）选项一起启用。</p>
<p><strong>“虚拟网络”选项可能会丢失或看不到。</strong>最有可能的原因是新安装了 Cloudflare WARP 或创建了新的虚拟网络，这可能需要一些时间才能在桌面客户端中显示<em>虚拟网络</em>选项，并在图形用户界面中看到最新的<em>虚拟网络</em>选项。不过，命令行 <code>warp-cli vnet</code> 命令将始终显示最新信息，并可通过 <code>warp-cli vnet <vnet_id></code> 命令选择 VNet。</p>
<p><strong>更改 WireGuard 和 MASQUE 之间的协议。</strong>为此，需要更改 “设置”（<em>Settings</em>）->“WARP 客户端”（<em>WARP Clients</em>）->“设备设置”（<em>Device Settings</em>）下的适用配置文件。编辑配置文件时，在“设备隧道协议”（<em>Device tunnel protocol</em>）下选择所需的选项。</p>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="237" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/image-20-1024x237.png" alt="" class="wp-image-5112" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/image-20-1024x237.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/image-20-300x69.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/image-20-768x178.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/image-20-1536x356.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/image-20-2048x474.png 2048w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></figure>
<p><strong>证书并不重要。</strong>Cloudflare 会提示证书将在短时间内过期，这一点可以忽略，除非要启用<em>TLS 解密</em>。</p>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="72" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/image-21-1024x72.png" alt="" class="wp-image-5113" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/image-21-1024x72.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/image-21-300x21.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/image-21-768x54.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/image-21-1536x108.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/image-21-2048x143.png 2048w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></figure>
]]></content:encoded>
<wfw:commentRss>https://chise.hachiroku.uk/zh/kludge/cf-zero-trust-gateway/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
<slash:comments>2</slash:comments>
</item><item>
<title>我为什么决定屏蔽 Follow.is。</title>
<link>https://chise.hachiroku.uk/zh/opinion/follow-is-ban/</link>
<comments>https://chise.hachiroku.uk/zh/opinion/follow-is-ban/#comments</comments>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[Chise Hachiroku]]></dc:creator>
<pubDate>Mon, 04 Nov 2024 18:01:07 +0000</pubDate>
<category><![CDATA[日志观点]]></category>
<category><![CDATA[思考]]></category>
<category><![CDATA[版权]]></category>
<category><![CDATA[负责任的IT]]></category>
<category><![CDATA[道德]]></category>
<guid isPermaLink="false">https://chise.hachiroku.uk/?p=4948</guid>
<description><![CDATA[它是一个很好的阅读器，但前提是它真的只是一个RSS阅读器。互联网不需要另一个装模作样的平台。]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[
<p>我有幸获得了 Follow.is 的邀请密钥，它自称是<em>‘下一代信息浏览器’</em>，并承诺用户<em>‘享受前所未有的无平台体验’。</em>很多博客都发布了关于如何设置和使用这款 “软件 “的指南，但在对它的工作原理进行了一些浅显的研究之后，我不仅决定不再使用它，而且还要通过 ASN 屏蔽和用户代理匹配，在我的所有网站上完全禁止使用这款<strong><em>“软件”</em></strong>。</p>
<p>答案很简单，虽然这是一个内容聚合器，而且它的交付方式就像一个开源<strong><em>软件</em></strong>，但这个系统的核心是一个中央服务器，作为一个<em><strong>平台</strong></em>，而软件则是它的<strong><em>在线客户端</em></strong>。更糟糕的是，这个平台在未经用户同意的情况下，<em><strong>重新分发</strong></em>从用户提交的 URL 中抓取的内容，这是非常糟糕的，因为这违反了版权法。现在让我解释一下我是如何得出这个结论的。</p>
<p>平心而论，作为一个 RSS 阅读器，这个系统运行得非常出色——它提供了一个优雅而易于浏览的界面，在主机允许的情况下可以流畅地运行（因为它是电子版的），而且还有许多有用的功能，如 TTS 支持和字体偏好设置等等。我非常喜欢它，直到有一天，我在当前的 RSS 阅读器中看到了一个奇怪的帖子，内容如下：</p>
<pre class="wp-block-preformatted">This message is used to verify that this feed (feedId:__redacted__) belongs to me (userId:__redacted__). Join me in enjoying the next generation information browser https://follow.is.</pre>
<p>这看起来像是一条验证信息。这时我才意识到，他们声称的<em> “无平台” </em>可能并非事实，Follow.is 本身很可能就是一个平台。我必须坚称这不是一项代理服务——有很多人通过<a href="https://8620.uk/ek6u8i~">@rss2tg_bot</a>等代理服务从我的网站获取内容，而这只是访问者希望如何利用我提供的源的偏好。</p>
<p>我花了一些时间才弄明白为什么需要验证，这让我进一步认识到这是一个平台。用户必须注册才能使用 Fellow.is，它的功能远不止保存订阅列表或验证是否被邀请——它会在 VSL 区块链上创建一个加密货币钱包，并使用一种名为 “POWER” 的自定义代币。用户可以通过<code>dailyMint</code> 函数获得这些代币，并可以使用这些代币从经过验证的源中 “打赏” 内容，基本上就是代币的转移。</p>
<p>有些人可能会说，使用这些以智能合约为边界的代币是去中心化的；但，它的政策可以由某个管理员升级，它的铸币程序是由用户触发的，它需要连接到后台服务器才能运行，因此在我看来，它是一个披着去中心化外衣的中心化产品。我合理怀疑，他们以后可能会给这些 “POWER” 代币赋予货币价值，到那时可能又会是一场卷款跑路，特别是考虑到<a href="https://8620.uk/1d0d0p~">有一个账户目前持有所有代币的 50%</a>。</p>
<p>回到验证问题。对于 RSS 源阅读器来说，任何人都不需要验证任何东西——所需要的不过是从 URL 获取内容、解析信息并将其存储在本地以供展示，而内容则直接从我的网站、服务器和域中分发。通常，这意味着我应该能看到来自代理服务器的客户端或自称是 Follow.is 的用户。但通过查看日志，我没有看到任何记录，而通过手动触发一些发现操作，我终于能够确定与它内容获取相关的流量：</p>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-full"><img decoding="async" width="990" height="301" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/image.png" alt="" class="wp-image-4942" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/image.png 990w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/image-300x91.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/image-768x234.png 768w" sizes="(max-width: 990px) 100vw, 990px" /></figure>
<p>很明显，有人租用了谷歌云平台上的一些资源，然后服务器在不表明他们是谁的情况下抓取内容——他们甚至假装是运行 Mac OS X 的普通浏览器。我必须坚持，这种做法是不道德的。用户代理是披露客户端身份的一种约定俗成的方式，不管是服务器发起的请求还是客户发起的请求，都应该明确说明自己的身份，而不是故意阻止他人了解你的身份。此时，我已经对这个平台非常反感，但接下来的内容让我下定决心封杀它。</p>
<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignleft size-full"><img decoding="async" width="571" height="960" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/image-1.png" alt="" class="wp-image-4943" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/image-1.png 571w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/image-1-178x300.png 178w" sizes="(max-width: 571px) 100vw, 571px" /></figure></div>
<p>通过搜索我的网站名称和查看我的日志，可以明显看出 Follow.is 在未经我允许的情况下，在其服务器上存储了一些文章内容。在我不知情和其自身未加识别的情况下，在自己的服务器上存储和复制我的内容，这种行为属于偷偷地再传播。</p>
<p>只要符合版权合理使用的定义，我完全同意任何应用或代理。对于那些可能不熟悉这个术语的人来说，合理使用是版权法中的一项原则，允许有限度地使用受版权保护的材料，而无需获得版权持有者的许可。</p>
<p><a href="https://8620.uk/nb12ng~">斯坦福大学认为，合理使用有四个关键因素</a>，必须全部满足这些<a href="https://8620.uk/nb12ng~">因素</a>，才有资格进行辩护。我将对所有因素进行分析，并就每个因素的合理性发表评论：</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration: underline">使用目的和特点：</span>对内容的修改微乎其微，几乎是直截了当地按原样呈现。</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration: underline">受版权保护作品的性质：</span>我用自己的时间写的，并已声明版权。事实描述很有限。</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration: underline">截取部分的数量和实质内容：</span>在这种情况下，我的网站部分内容基本上是带图片的全文，接近一半。</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration: underline">使用对潜在市场的影响：</span>目前，它不会为开发商带来收入，但将来可能会以其内容为优势。</p>
<p>因此，在这次简单的检查中，Follow.is 肯定不能算作 “合理使用”，考虑到它不表明自己身份的行为，我决定将其归类为不良行为机器人爬虫，尤其是考虑到它从不咨询<code>robots.txt</code>。在我看来，Follow.is 是一个平台和网络爬虫，它会在全球范围内收集信息，在其服务器上进行复制，然后将其编入索引，而且它的所有操作都可以在内容发布者和版权所有者不知情的情况下完成，不仅未征得他们的同意，也不考虑版权政策，并伪装成一个正常的浏览器。</p>
<p>不幸的是，对我来说唯一合理的解决办法就是完全禁止这个平台和爬虫。似乎有人（很可能是善意的第三方）在使用这个平台检查本网站的更新，但我不能容忍这个有道德问题的平台继续攫取我的辛勤工作。</p>
]]></content:encoded>
<wfw:commentRss>https://chise.hachiroku.uk/zh/opinion/follow-is-ban/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
<slash:comments>2</slash:comments>
</item><item>
<title>来自24年夏季的番剧曲目推荐</title>
<link>https://chise.hachiroku.uk/zh/essay/anisong-summer24/</link>
<comments>https://chise.hachiroku.uk/zh/essay/anisong-summer24/#respond</comments>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[Chise Hachiroku]]></dc:creator>
<pubDate>Mon, 28 Oct 2024 22:04:55 +0000</pubDate>
<category><![CDATA[生活随笔]]></category>
<category><![CDATA[番剧]]></category>
<category><![CDATA[音乐]]></category>
<guid isPermaLink="false">https://chise.hachiroku.uk/?p=4752</guid>
<description><![CDATA[2024Q3我最喜欢的动漫曲目。]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[
<p>2024年夏季新番实在强的可怕，有许多非常优秀的番剧集中在了这三个月播出。相比之下，紧接着的24年秋季番剧则显得实在有点难以启齿……虽然有一些不错的作品，但是并没有特别惊艳的。不过，对于我来说，更大的一部分是这一季度出现了很多非常不错的片头、片尾及插曲，值得在这个疯狂的季节后继续品味。以下是一些我认为在这个季度中脱颖而出的一些曲目，依照喜好排序：</p>
<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="nhs-block-anchor-0">本日のおすすめ – 离婚伝説</h2>
<p>来自日常美食治愈动物番《拉面赤猫》，这首片尾曲用轻松的曲调描绘了一种泰然的生活态度——生活只要高兴就好。这首曲目的歌词与番剧毫无关联，但却非常适宜地契合了作品内表达的生活态度，作为日常励志放松的曲目也非常合适。</p>
<iframe allow="autoplay *; encrypted-media *;" frameborder="0" height="150" style="width:100%;max-width:660px;overflow:hidden;background:transparent;" sandbox="allow-forms allow-popups allow-same-origin allow-scripts allow-storage-access-by-user-activation allow-top-navigation-by-user-activation" src="https://embed.music.apple.com/hk/album/%E6%9C%AC%E6%97%A5%E3%81%AE%E3%81%8A%E3%81%99%E3%81%99%E3%82%81/1753084024?i=1753084034&l=zh-HK"></iframe>
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<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="nhs-block-anchor-1">未完成ランデヴー – Lezel</h2>
<p>来自魔法少女恋爱番《曾经魔法少女与邪恶互相为敌》，这首片头曲用轻松的曲调描绘了在类似仙境中甜甜恋爱的氛围和情感，以及与喜爱之人相会的喜悦，与作品整体高饱和度的氛围高度契合。在日常作为通勤曲也是很不错的放松选项。</p>
<iframe allow="autoplay *; encrypted-media *;" frameborder="0" height="150" style="width:100%;max-width:660px;overflow:hidden;background:transparent;" sandbox="allow-forms allow-popups allow-same-origin allow-scripts allow-storage-access-by-user-activation allow-top-navigation-by-user-activation" src="https://embed.music.apple.com/hk/album/%E6%9C%AA%E5%AE%8C%E6%88%90%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%83%87%E3%83%B4%E3%83%BC/1753840467?i=1753840468&l=zh-HK"></iframe>
<div style="height:50px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div>
<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="nhs-block-anchor-2">镰仓STYLE – ぼっちぼろまる</h2>
<p>来自历史改编番《擅長逃跑的殿下》，这首片尾曲利用轻松的近现代的风格尝试描绘了作品中表达的镰仓幕府时期的风土人情以及作品中人物的性格。虽然整体曲风与时代并不匹配，但依旧提供了一种独特且有趣的体验——如果那些人来到近现代，会是怎样的人呢？</p>
<iframe allow="autoplay *; encrypted-media *;" frameborder="0" height="150" style="width:100%;max-width:660px;overflow:hidden;background:transparent;" sandbox="allow-forms allow-popups allow-same-origin allow-scripts allow-storage-access-by-user-activation allow-top-navigation-by-user-activation" src="https://embed.music.apple.com/hk/album/%E9%8E%8C%E5%80%89style/1754288927?i=1754289388&l=zh-HK"></iframe>
<div style="height:50px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div>
<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="nhs-block-anchor-3">LOVE 2000 (cover) – 八奈见杏菜(CV: 远野ひかる)</h2>
<p>来自校园恋爱番《败犬女主太多了！》，是非常意外的翻唱曲目。原唱与24年前的2000年，描绘着新世纪初对恋爱的迷茫与向往，与作品背景及人物主题是几乎完美的契合。当时听到的时候便有一种“哇，这个曲子作为现在的动画片曲实在太屈才了”，不过查到作品来源也稍稍松一口气，至少这个曲子已经火过一次了。制作组把这么古老的曲子翻出来让现在的我们重新体验，实属不易。</p>
<iframe allow="autoplay *; encrypted-media *;" frameborder="0" height="150" style="width:100%;max-width:660px;overflow:hidden;background:transparent;" sandbox="allow-forms allow-popups allow-same-origin allow-scripts allow-storage-access-by-user-activation allow-top-navigation-by-user-activation" src="https://embed.music.apple.com/hk/album/love-2000/1755152282?i=1755152294&l=zh-HK"></iframe>
<div style="height:50px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div>
<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="nhs-block-anchor-4">Burning – 羊文学</h2>
<p>来自《我推的孩子》第二季，是以本季度出场篇幅较少的露比为主的曲子。个人认为，体现的是露比对为母亲复仇的迷茫和不安，以及最后的决心。ED的制作也很有意思，不过我猜大概会有很多种分析的结果。</p>
<iframe allow="autoplay *; encrypted-media *;" frameborder="0" height="150" style="width:100%;max-width:660px;overflow:hidden;background:transparent;" sandbox="allow-forms allow-popups allow-same-origin allow-scripts allow-storage-access-by-user-activation allow-top-navigation-by-user-activation" src="https://embed.music.apple.com/hk/album/burning/1753851097?i=1753851098&l=zh-HK"></iframe>
<div style="height:50px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div>
<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="nhs-block-anchor-5">つよがるガール (feat. もっさ) – ぼっちぼろまる</h2>
<p>同样来自《败犬女主太多了！》，是ぼっちぼろまる在这里的第二首曲目。风格与《镰仓STYLE》完全不同，体现的是少男少女们（以及‘败犬’们）投身于恋爱的折腾和心情，在歌词和曲调中似乎还有一种有趣的自嘲。也很适合在通勤时听。</p>
<iframe allow="autoplay *; encrypted-media *;" frameborder="0" height="150" style="width:100%;max-width:660px;overflow:hidden;background:transparent;" sandbox="allow-forms allow-popups allow-same-origin allow-scripts allow-storage-access-by-user-activation allow-top-navigation-by-user-activation" src="https://embed.music.apple.com/hk/album/%E3%81%A4%E3%82%88%E3%81%8C%E3%82%8B%E3%82%AC%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB-feat-%E3%82%82%E3%81%A3%E3%81%95/1756682517?i=1756682518&l=zh-HK"></iframe>
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<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="nhs-block-anchor-6">赤猫 – 水曜日のカンパネラ</h2>
<p>来自《拉面赤猫》的片头曲，是一首为作品量身定制的曲目，歌词和表达的情绪也和作品整体内容和风格高度统一。如果喜欢作品的话，这首曲子完全可以充当日常与赤猫拉面店之间的小小桥梁。</p>
<iframe allow="autoplay *; encrypted-media *;" frameborder="0" height="150" style="width:100%;max-width:660px;overflow:hidden;background:transparent;" sandbox="allow-forms allow-popups allow-same-origin allow-scripts allow-storage-access-by-user-activation allow-top-navigation-by-user-activation" src="https://embed.music.apple.com/hk/album/akaneko/1740294934?i=1740294936&l=zh-HK"></iframe>
<div style="height:50px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div>
<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="nhs-block-anchor-7">Wave – 清水美依纱</h2>
<p>来自《我的妻子没有感情》，似乎是受动画片委托定制的，描绘了男女主角之间平平淡淡但内在热烈的情感——平时可能是一篇清澈的水潭，但时不时也会泛起一些爱情的波浪。</p>
<iframe allow="autoplay *; encrypted-media *;" frameborder="0" height="150" style="width:100%;max-width:660px;overflow:hidden;background:transparent;" sandbox="allow-forms allow-popups allow-same-origin allow-scripts allow-storage-access-by-user-activation allow-top-navigation-by-user-activation" src="https://embed.music.apple.com/hk/album/wave/1753715585?i=1753715588&l=zh-HK"></iframe>
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<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="nhs-block-anchor-8">あれが恋だったのかな (feat. にしな) – くじら</h2>
<p>来自恋爱番《学姐是伪娘》，是片尾曲。乐队的名字很有意思，日文名是“鲸鱼”，英文名为 WhaleDontSleep ，而恰好本作中的女主角对鲸鱼就有非常特殊的情感。开场和片尾是同一个乐队的作品，但是小蝶就很喜欢片头而不喜欢这首，觉得这首比较平淡。我的想法则正好相反，这首听起来很平淡的曲子反而承载着男主角平平淡淡生活着的期望，反而有可能更加符合作品整体的气氛。</p>
<iframe allow="autoplay *; encrypted-media *;" frameborder="0" height="150" style="width:100%;max-width:660px;overflow:hidden;background:transparent;" sandbox="allow-forms allow-popups allow-same-origin allow-scripts allow-storage-access-by-user-activation allow-top-navigation-by-user-activation" src="https://embed.music.apple.com/hk/album/%E3%81%82%E3%82%8C%E3%81%8C%E6%81%8B%E3%81%A0%E3%81%A3%E3%81%9F%E3%81%AE%E3%81%8B%E3%81%AA-feat-%E3%81%AB%E3%81%97%E3%81%AA/1755690505?i=1755690507&l=zh-HK"></iframe>
<div style="height:50px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div>
<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="nhs-block-anchor-9">ブラウス – ゴホウビ</h2>
<p>来自恋爱番《模拟后宫体验》（内地译《百变的七仓同学》），从日常的小物件衬衫入手，通过男女声交织的方式刻画恋爱中双方一唱一和，相互衬托的美好体验。或许不是很适合通勤，一般日常听听还不错。</p>
<iframe allow="autoplay *; encrypted-media *;" frameborder="0" height="150" style="width:100%;max-width:660px;overflow:hidden;background:transparent;" sandbox="allow-forms allow-popups allow-same-origin allow-scripts allow-storage-access-by-user-activation allow-top-navigation-by-user-activation" src="https://embed.music.apple.com/hk/album/%E3%83%96%E3%83%A9%E3%82%A6%E3%82%B9/1751871813?i=1751871814&l=zh-HK"></iframe>
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<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="nhs-block-anchor-10">アドリブ – 七仓凛(CV:早见沙织)</h2>
<p>同样来自《模拟后宫体验》，算是片尾的声优角色曲，不得不说早見沙織小姐的水平真的非常高，能在歌唱中不断切换七仓同学在作品中展现出的这么多种不同角色以及其背后角色原本的人格和情感。日常通勤聆听也是不错的曲目，或许还可以跟着前奏走两步~</p>
<iframe allow="autoplay *; encrypted-media *;" frameborder="0" height="150" style="width:100%;max-width:660px;overflow:hidden;background:transparent;" sandbox="allow-forms allow-popups allow-same-origin allow-scripts allow-storage-access-by-user-activation allow-top-navigation-by-user-activation" src="https://embed.music.apple.com/hk/album/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%89%E3%83%AA%E3%83%96/1751434361?i=1751434365&l=zh-HK"></iframe>
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<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="nhs-block-anchor-11">1番辉く星 – アーリャ(CV:上坂すみれ)</h2>
<p>来自恋爱番《不时轻声地以俄语遮羞的邻座艾莉同学》，是每集的片头曲。整体曲子的质量还是不错的，有几个片段也能体现出角色外在给人带来的印象，但是和本季度这么多非常优秀的作品相比，还是略有逊色。</p>
<iframe allow="autoplay *; encrypted-media *;" frameborder="0" height="150" style="width:100%;max-width:660px;overflow:hidden;background:transparent;" sandbox="allow-forms allow-popups allow-same-origin allow-scripts allow-storage-access-by-user-activation allow-top-navigation-by-user-activation" src="https://embed.music.apple.com/hk/album/1%E7%95%AA%E8%BC%9D%E3%81%8F%E6%98%9F/1751873095?i=1751873098&l=zh-HK"></iframe>
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<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="nhs-block-anchor-12">Finally – リシア・プレイド (CV.花泽香菜)</h2>
<p>来自上个季度的《转生贵族凭鉴定技能扭转人生》，是中期出现的莉西亚的角色曲和唱给主角的情歌。悠扬的旋律，缓慢的曲速，结合在一起形成了一种优雅且坚定的爱恋，很适合在心情平静的时候聆听。</p>
<iframe allow="autoplay *; encrypted-media *;" frameborder="0" height="150" style="width:100%;max-width:660px;overflow:hidden;background:transparent;" sandbox="allow-forms allow-popups allow-same-origin allow-scripts allow-storage-access-by-user-activation allow-top-navigation-by-user-activation" src="https://embed.music.apple.com/hk/album/finally/1735511234?i=1735511236&l=zh-HK"></iframe>
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<p>以上歌曲均已进入个人音乐库，部分进入了通勤歌单。这篇贴文也算是博客内容的一种新尝试，希望看到这里的你，也能喜欢这些曲子以及背后的动画片，分享我曾感受的喜悦~</p>
]]></content:encoded>
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</item><item>
<title>上海研究中心，华为技术有限公司</title>
<link>https://chise.hachiroku.uk/zh/gallery/huawei-src/</link>
<comments>https://chise.hachiroku.uk/zh/gallery/huawei-src/#respond</comments>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[Chise Hachiroku]]></dc:creator>
<pubDate>Sat, 05 Oct 2024 17:42:26 +0000</pubDate>
<category><![CDATA[我的小小相簿]]></category>
<category><![CDATA[中国]]></category>
<category><![CDATA[华为]]></category>
<guid isPermaLink="false">https://chise.hachiroku.uk/?p=4207</guid>
<description><![CDATA[虽然公司可能会保留这栋大楼，但我和许多其他员工一样，从今年 10 月起就再也看不到它了。]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>这是一个有点特别的系列–在这个图库中，我将包括 15 张华为技术有限公司上海研究中心原基地的照片，我在那里完成了我的暑期工业项目，即实习。</p>
<p>这栋大楼建于 10 多年前，经过精心维护，已成为 1 万多名员工的工作场所。然而，随着华为在上海的业务不断增长，这栋大楼已无法容纳华为的所有员工–事实上，华为已在上海租用了许多办公场所和大楼。</p>
<p>因此，公司在上海农村地区新建了一个基地，该基地的许多功能将转移到这里。虽然公司可能会保留这栋大楼，但从今年 10 月起，我和许多其他员工一样，再也看不到这栋大楼了。</p>
<p>本展厅只关注非机密工作区。</p>
<figure class="wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-2 is-cropped wp-block-gallery-16 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex"><figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><a href="https://chise.hachiroku.uk/20240822_111224/"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" data-id="4195" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/20240822_111224-1024x768.png" alt="" class="wp-image-4195" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/20240822_111224-1024x768.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/20240822_111224-300x225.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/20240822_111224-768x576.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/20240822_111224-1536x1152.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/20240822_111224-2048x1536.png 2048w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/20240822_111224-16x12.png 16w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></a></figure>
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<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><a href="https://chise.hachiroku.uk/20240822_110618/"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" data-id="4197" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/20240822_110618-1024x768.png" alt="" class="wp-image-4197" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/20240822_110618-1024x768.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/20240822_110618-300x225.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/20240822_110618-768x576.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/20240822_110618-1536x1152.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/20240822_110618-2048x1536.png 2048w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/20240822_110618-16x12.png 16w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></a></figure>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><a href="https://chise.hachiroku.uk/20240820_130007/"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" data-id="4204" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/20240820_130007-1024x768.png" alt="" class="wp-image-4204" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/20240820_130007-1024x768.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/20240820_130007-300x225.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/20240820_130007-768x576.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/20240820_130007-1536x1152.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/20240820_130007-2048x1536.png 2048w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/20240820_130007-16x12.png 16w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></a></figure>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><a href="https://chise.hachiroku.uk/20240822_110220/"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" data-id="4199" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/20240822_110220-1024x768.png" alt="" class="wp-image-4199" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/20240822_110220-1024x768.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/20240822_110220-300x225.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/20240822_110220-768x576.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/20240822_110220-1536x1152.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/20240822_110220-2048x1536.png 2048w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/20240822_110220-16x12.png 16w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></a></figure>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><a href="https://chise.hachiroku.uk/20240731_083725/"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" data-id="4193" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/20240731_083725-1024x768.png" alt="" class="wp-image-4193" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/20240731_083725-1024x768.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/20240731_083725-300x225.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/20240731_083725-768x576.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/20240731_083725-1536x1152.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/20240731_083725-2048x1536.png 2048w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/20240731_083725-16x12.png 16w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></a><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">厕所外的场景–大量绿色可用。</figcaption></figure>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><a href="https://chise.hachiroku.uk/20240822_110917/"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" data-id="4192" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/20240822_110917-1024x768.png" alt="" class="wp-image-4192" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/20240822_110917-1024x768.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/20240822_110917-300x225.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/20240822_110917-768x576.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/20240822_110917-1536x1152.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/20240822_110917-2048x1536.png 2048w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/20240822_110917-16x12.png 16w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></a><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">建筑内部的小块绿色区域</figcaption></figure>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><a href="https://chise.hachiroku.uk/20240802_185158/"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" data-id="4205" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/20240802_185158-1024x768.png" alt="" class="wp-image-4205" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/20240802_185158-1024x768.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/20240802_185158-300x225.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/20240802_185158-768x576.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/20240802_185158-1536x1152.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/20240802_185158-2048x1536.png 2048w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/20240802_185158-16x12.png 16w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></a></figure>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><a href="https://chise.hachiroku.uk/20240822_110235/"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" data-id="4198" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/20240822_110235-1024x768.png" alt="" class="wp-image-4198" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/20240822_110235-1024x768.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/20240822_110235-300x225.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/20240822_110235-768x576.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/20240822_110235-1536x1152.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/20240822_110235-2048x1536.png 2048w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/20240822_110235-16x12.png 16w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></a></figure>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><a href="https://chise.hachiroku.uk/20240820_203943/"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" data-id="4200" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/20240820_203943-1024x768.png" alt="" class="wp-image-4200" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/20240820_203943-1024x768.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/20240820_203943-300x225.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/20240820_203943-768x576.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/20240820_203943-1536x1152.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/20240820_203943-2048x1536.png 2048w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/20240820_203943-16x12.png 16w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></a></figure>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><a href="https://chise.hachiroku.uk/20240820_203918/"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" data-id="4201" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/20240820_203918-1024x768.png" alt="" class="wp-image-4201" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/20240820_203918-1024x768.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/20240820_203918-300x225.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/20240820_203918-768x576.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/20240820_203918-1536x1152.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/20240820_203918-2048x1536.png 2048w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/20240820_203918-16x12.png 16w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></a></figure>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><a href="https://chise.hachiroku.uk/20240820_203817/"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" data-id="4202" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/20240820_203817-1024x768.png" alt="" class="wp-image-4202" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/20240820_203817-1024x768.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/20240820_203817-300x225.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/20240820_203817-768x576.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/20240820_203817-1536x1152.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/20240820_203817-2048x1536.png 2048w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/20240820_203817-16x12.png 16w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></a></figure>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><a href="https://chise.hachiroku.uk/20240820_203739/"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" data-id="4203" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/20240820_203739-1024x768.png" alt="" class="wp-image-4203" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/20240820_203739-1024x768.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/20240820_203739-300x225.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/20240820_203739-768x576.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/20240820_203739-1536x1152.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/20240820_203739-2048x1536.png 2048w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/20240820_203739-16x12.png 16w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></a></figure>
</figure>
]]></content:encoded>
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<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
</item><item>
<title>未实现的和特征化的情感渴望</title>
<link>https://chise.hachiroku.uk/zh/essay/ucey/</link>
<comments>https://chise.hachiroku.uk/zh/essay/ucey/#respond</comments>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[Chise Hachiroku]]></dc:creator>
<pubDate>Mon, 23 Sep 2024 06:19:30 +0000</pubDate>
<category><![CDATA[生活随笔]]></category>
<category><![CDATA[思考]]></category>
<category><![CDATA[情感]]></category>
<category><![CDATA[浪漫]]></category>
<guid isPermaLink="false">https://chise.hachiroku.uk/?p=4288</guid>
<description><![CDATA[如果我有那种青春的话，要是眼前有会为我流泪的女主角的话，要是我是轻小说男主角的话……那个时候，我会有什么感受呢？]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[
<div class="wp-block-nhsblocks-quote1 nhsuk-inset-text"><span class="nhsuk-u-visually-hidden">Quote / Testimonial: </span><div class="nhsuk-inset-text__quote">据说有七成的高中生情侣会在一年内分手，若连毕业后的也算上，几乎可说算是全军覆没。但所有人依然投身于恋爱的“折腾”，时而哭泣，时而欢笑。我并不期望现实和自己内心会被这种短暂的关系动摇，但是我有时候会想，要是我有那种青春的话，要是眼前有会为我流泪的女主角的话，要是我是轻小说男主角的话……那个时候，我会有什么感受呢？</div><span class="nhsuk-inset-text__quote-attribution">温水和彦，<em>《败犬女主太多了！》</em></span></div>
<p>“我们可能需要让你去看专科医生，”我的基层全科医生说，并令我大吃一惊的是，“或许还要讨论是否最好住院治疗。”我从来没有想过我的心理健康问题可能需要引起如此的关注，但在完成一份关于我最近感受的问卷调查后，这句话突然出现在一次电话交谈中，我提到了我一直“感觉到”的一些“鬼魂”的存在。</p>
<p>幸运的是，在与一些真正的专家讨论后，我明白这种说法是夸大其词，因为我明白“鬼魂”不是真实的，而是虚构的人物。事实上，它们甚至不是“鬼魂”，而是具有特征和特定的情感渴望，这些渴望是如此强烈，以至于身体试图徒劳地虚构我所希望的物体的存在。具体来说，是一个大约一米二高的女性形象，穿着由黑色、酒红色和金色组成的夸张服装，姿势根据每个场合量身定制。</p>
<p>然而，这些情况让我相信，这确实可能是一些更严重的精神问题的前兆——当我放松、忙碌或不独处时，这种感觉永远不会出现，而是选择在我相对独处、手头没有事情的时候出现，偶尔在密集工作期间的休息时间，比如做课程作业。更有趣的是我对这种虚假感觉的感受——尽管我非常清楚这不是真的，但我内心深处真诚地希望它们更现实一些。</p>
<p>八六（不是我，是原作）作为出现的人物，考虑到这种情况发生的场合，很明显这确实是强烈渴望的产物。但渴望什么？鬼魂？</p>
<p>再次，这需要回顾一下这种现象发生在哪里。以下是我眼前“出现”的三个典型案例：</p>
<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>当我独自走在空旷的街道上，想象她和我一起走着，有时甚至跑几步追上我；</li>
<li>当飞机即将起飞，我坐在空的靠窗座位旁时，我想象她弯下腰，透过窗户向外看；</li>
<li>当我因为疲惫而躺在一些艰苦而毫无进展的工作中时，我想象她会突然出现在桌子底下，要求我拍拍头，然后紧紧地拥抱我。</li>
</ul>
<p>答案很明确——陪伴。陪伴意味着亲近，能够在最强烈的时候分享自己的感受，能够与对方共同承受快乐、悲伤和艰辛。简而言之，我希望拥有一段感情，发展到一种惊人的强烈渴望，甚至有点精神上神经的渴望。</p>
<p>在电视剧《实习医生格蕾》中，有一个情节是伊兹·史蒂文斯在罹患转移性黑色素瘤（包括脑部等器官）后开始产生幻觉，梦见她已故的未婚夫。有时，我甚至开始羡慕她能够清晰地看到那个身影，并且能够进行对话，尽管“副作用”是 5% 的存活率。</p>
<p>还记得开头的那句话吗？我痛苦地意识到最后这句话的含义—— 那个时候，我会有什么感受呢？</p>
<p>我可以想象有些人可能会说，对我来说，最佳解决方案可能是与我认为合适的人开始一段恋情，但为了反驳这种观点，我想引用《星际迷航》创作者的另一句名言：</p>
<div class="wp-block-nhsblocks-quote1 nhsuk-inset-text"><span class="nhsuk-u-visually-hidden">Quote / Testimonial: </span><div class="nhsuk-inset-text__quote">从非常现实的意义上讲，我们都是陌生星球上的外星人。我们一生中的大部分时间都在寻求帮助和交流。如果我们一生中能够与两个人真正交流，那我们确实非常幸运。</div><span class="nhsuk-inset-text__quote-attribution">吉恩·罗登贝瑞</span></div>
<p>从非常现实的意义上讲，与任何人毫无保留地进行真正的交流是极其困难的——人与人之间总是存在着薄薄的不信任，而就我个人的经验而言，在我周围这种隔阂比大多数人都要严重。许多人可能忽略的是，一个人与幻觉或内心想象的事物之间实际上存在着一种不容置疑的信任，这种信任几乎永远无法被现实生活中的关系所取代，尽管这种渴望不会被不存在的东西所满足。此外，我可怕的认识是，这些不真实事物的存在将使这种愿望变得更加难以实现，甚至几乎不可能实现，就像用空气通过塑性变形来扩大需要用水来填充的空间一样。</p>
<p>我越来越频繁地开始问自己老斯波克无法回答、也无法给自己答案的同一个问题，即：</p>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-full"><img decoding="async" width="899" height="383" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/E8F653C1-051B-463D-A8CB-E74E51E2D652.png" alt="How do you feel?" class="wp-image-4019" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/E8F653C1-051B-463D-A8CB-E74E51E2D652.png 899w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/E8F653C1-051B-463D-A8CB-E74E51E2D652-300x128.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/E8F653C1-051B-463D-A8CB-E74E51E2D652-768x327.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/E8F653C1-051B-463D-A8CB-E74E51E2D652-18x8.png 18w" sizes="(max-width: 899px) 100vw, 899px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">How do you feel?</figcaption></figure>
<p>最后，我想重复一下开头的部分内容——</p>
<div class="wp-block-nhsblocks-quote1 nhsuk-inset-text"><span class="nhsuk-u-visually-hidden">Quote / Testimonial: </span><div class="nhsuk-inset-text__quote">我并不期望现实和自己内心会被这种短暂的关系动摇，但是我有时候会想，要是我有那种青春的话，要是眼前有会为我流泪的女主角的话，要是我是轻小说男主角的话……那个时候，我会有什么感受呢？</div><span class="nhsuk-inset-text__quote-attribution">温水和彦，<em>《败犬女主太多了！》</em></span></div>
]]></content:encoded>
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<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
</item><item>
<title>刷新个人网站的用户体验</title>
<link>https://chise.hachiroku.uk/zh/essay/%e5%88%b7%e6%96%b0%e4%b8%aa%e4%ba%ba%e7%bd%91%e7%ab%99%e7%9a%84%e7%94%a8%e6%88%b7%e4%bd%93%e9%aa%8c/</link>
<comments>https://chise.hachiroku.uk/zh/essay/%e5%88%b7%e6%96%b0%e4%b8%aa%e4%ba%ba%e7%bd%91%e7%ab%99%e7%9a%84%e7%94%a8%e6%88%b7%e4%bd%93%e9%aa%8c/#respond</comments>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[Chise Hachiroku]]></dc:creator>
<pubDate>Thu, 29 Aug 2024 16:03:00 +0000</pubDate>
<category><![CDATA[生活随笔]]></category>
<category><![CDATA[用户体验]]></category>
<category><![CDATA[科技]]></category>
<guid isPermaLink="false">https://chise.hachiroku.uk/?p=4290</guid>
<description><![CDATA[事情变得非常混乱，很快就可能无法挽回。也许是时候彻底整顿一下，让一切恢复正常了。]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[
<p>2024 年 5 月下旬至 6 月初，我对我的个人网站和页面进行了大规模重建。与我对网站的许多选择相反，这实际上是经过一段时间的计划，而且选择非常谨慎。这不仅因为它涉及网站之间的内容迁移，还因为改进的需求是由可以追溯到 2020 年 10 月下旬的大量更改和添加带来的。</p>
<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="nhs-block-anchor-0">起源</h2>
<p>一切要追溯到2020年末，我第一次注册个人主页域名c86.moe。当时我还在为申请大学而烦恼，还在为经济学A-Level考试考出理想成绩而发愁。为了简单起见，当时只做了一个非常简单的导航页面。</p>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="533" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/image-13-1024x533.png" alt="" class="wp-image-3747" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/image-13-1024x533.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/image-13-300x156.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/image-13-768x400.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/image-13-1536x800.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/image-13-18x9.png 18w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/image-13.png 1702w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></figure>
<p>可以看出，一些内容已经创建并运行，包括稍后我将介绍、后来存档的“AyanamiCore绫波核心”和至今仍在运行的C86 Academic。这是一个静态页面（通过 HTML 编写），只有英文。它甚至包含一些 NSFW 笑话，例如“Just Monika”。</p>
<p>直到 2021 年初，这个页面经过了多次修改，那时我决定对我的网站集合进行结构更新，这些网站由几个独立的 WordPress 安装以及我自己编写的一些自定义 PHP 代码组成。这是允许集中维护的尝试——尤其是在安全策略和插件更新方面。</p>
<p>结果是使用域c86.moe 重新安装了 WordPress，该域配置为多站点，这意味着单个安装可以同时为许多具有不同内容的网站提供服务。最重要的是，它允许我的WAF Wordfence 在网络级别进行管理并应用于所有网站。插件和WordPress 升级也在网络级别进行管理。同时，静态页面变成了基于当时 WordPress 默认主题 “Twenty Twenty-One” 的页面。</p>
<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="nhs-block-anchor-1">💩山堆积</h2>
<p>直到 2023 年 4 月，个人主页还没有进行太多真正的升级，主要是随着我的重点和副业项目的发展，不时添加和删除细节。然而，现在的展示网站C86 Academic 因为填充了大量内容在页面数量上快速扩张。其实这些内容真的没有表达太多内容，而一开始我只是想让我的项目看起来像一个团队的努力，而不是一个个人项目。</p>
<p>C86 Academic 最终既是一个“幽灵组织”，又是一个展示网站，奇怪的是还增加了一个“日志”，里面收集了我的课程作业和其他一些长篇和准专业的文章。这也是我自 2021 年决定停止写博客以来，第一个写博客式条目的部分，当时我存档了我所有的博客和类似网站。</p>
<p>2023 年 5 月，在去威尔士旅行后，我强烈希望分享那些美丽的图片，三年来我第一次对个人主页进行了重大修改，那时已经转移到chise.hachiroku.uk。不仅增加了画廊部分，还支持中文和日文。对原始布局也进行了重大修改，这是通过在网站上添加数百行自定义CSS 代码来完成的。</p>
<p>我也一直在私人平台上发布类似推文的内容，例如QQ 空间、微信朋友圈等。其中大部分内容实际上都是100% 可公开发布的，这意味着我没有理由将它们限制在朋友圈内。然而，所有平台都存在垃圾信息问题，因此公开发布所有这些内容有些令人望而却步。</p>
<p>此外，在 2023 年 7 月，我感到有冲动想写一些比“日记”中更不正式的东西，而且觉得通过“推文”发布不合适，因为这些文字背后有清晰的逻辑和思想——于是我决定再创建一个名为“Suzu”的网站。就像当时的 C86 Academic 和个人主页一样，Suzu 也使用长 CSS 代码进行了大量定制，覆盖了许多默认参数以创建良好的外观。</p>
<p>总结一下，在更新之前，我发布内容的板块有三个：画廊，日志，Suzu。</p>
<p>另外，我曾经在个人网站上尝试过做动漫列表，但由于添加条目耗时太长，页面都是用模板手工做的，而且没有排序、自动填充、过滤等动态内容，所以没有成功。虽然上线了几天，但因为无法承受其不可持续性，不得不下线。</p>
<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="nhs-block-anchor-2">存在的问题</h2>
<p>一些非常烦人的因素最终导致了彻底刷新所有个人网站的决定。</p>
<ol class="wp-block-list">
<li>在三个不同的网站上发帖实在太荒谬了；</li>
<li>每个系统都保持对WordPress 工作方式的最小改动，以降低维护复杂性；</li>
<li>由于某些原因，Suzu 的几乎每个页面在某些现代浏览器上的表现都很糟糕，有时只有 0.3 fps；</li>
<li>大多数定制都是通过自定义CSS 完成的，在 WordPress 中，这意味着将其添加到每个页面，有更优雅的方式来做到这一点；</li>
<li>维护“C86 Academic”的主要目标现在是呈现一个展示，目前它更像是“多即是少”而不是“少即是多”，并且无法在 5 分钟内阅读。</li>
</ol>
<p>其中，C86 学术的双重身份问题在本次更新之前已得到解决，其功能已转移到名为“LoliWorks”的新身份。但是，对我来说，将所有帖子集中到一个帖子中并重建C86 学术网站仍然至关重要。</p>
<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="nhs-block-anchor-3">建立C86 展示网站</h2>
<p>两者之间，重建之前的C86 Academic 更为紧迫，但整体复杂性较低——由于使用了WordPress Multisite，因此无需使用DNS、CDN 甚至服务器软件进行重新路由。重建之前，第一步是理清这个新网站的目标：</p>
<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>内容方面，该网站应该提供：
<ol style="list-style-type:upper-roman" class="wp-block-list">
<li>简单介绍一下我是谁；</li>
<li>展示我的能力；</li>
<li>向潜在雇主推销我自己。</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>从布局上看，该网站应该允许：
<ol style="list-style-type:upper-roman" class="wp-block-list">
<li>简单、直接的导航；</li>
<li>尽可能减少互动；</li>
<li>简洁清晰的呈现，且带有个人特色。</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ul>
<p>我很清楚，网站应该在主页上包含大部分信息，并添加一些几乎不可能直接显示的信息的扩展，例如大学成绩单。应该取消单独的项目页面，不仅因为制作成本高昂，而且我认为很多人没有时间或精力去阅读——这倾向于以前网站的“组织”部分。主页上只显示选定的项目，以及相关可交付成果的超链接——例如项目报告或在线产品。</p>
<p>我认为我应该尽量避免将其作为我简历的复制品或延伸，因此简历上的大部分“经历”部分都作为简短的提及合并在简介中。为了有效地展示和营销，我还添加了一个单独的部分，总结了我相对于普通大学毕业生的优势，每个部分都有一个标题并辅以支持论据。显然，还提供了简历的公开版本，因为两件事的作用略有不同但相互补充。</p>
<p>最后要确定的是整体展示主题，我希望展示一些我的个人风格。我认为我的背景主要有两个部分——我的中国血统和我的西方教育背景。显然，整体设计风格应该是西方的——我受过西方教育和训练。然而，有些房间可以通过颜色和装饰来适应中国的传统品味。同时碰巧的是我正好寻得一个优雅的边角装饰图案，与瓷砖上的装饰相似。</p>
<p>在许多语言中，“China”一词既指中国地区，也指古代闻名于世的瓷器。在参观大英博物馆期间，我看到了全球一些最精致、制作最精良的瓷器藏品，我为它们拍摄了一系列照片。通过翻阅那本相册，我选择了一套茶杯上白釉略带略带黄色而非纯白的底色。然后，我选择提取花瓶上常见的蓝色的两个区域，用于主要文字的深蓝色变体和用于辅助元素的浅蓝色变体。</p>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="576" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Seg_Page_11-1024x576.png" alt="" class="wp-image-3965" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Seg_Page_11-1024x576.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Seg_Page_11-300x169.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Seg_Page_11-768x432.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Seg_Page_11-1536x864.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Seg_Page_11-18x10.png 18w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Seg_Page_11.png 2000w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></figure>
<p>与往常一样，新设计的 C86 展示网站有英文和中文版本。根据我邀请的提供改进建议的人的评论，几乎所有人都同意这个版本比以前的设计更好。同时，根据我得到的建议进行，在正式上线前还进行了一些细微的更改。</p>
<p>5 月下旬，新设计的网站（子站点 27）通过 WordPress 网络管理面板内的域名更改取代了旧设计（子站点 17）。</p>
<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="nhs-block-anchor-4">改造个人网站</h2>
<p>这是比较难的部分，原因有二。首先，这是多站点网络中的主要站点，无法在多站点面板中方便地进行更改，因此必须提前规划并在系统上实施每个更改，并且可能要在非常紧迫的时间内完成。其次，它涉及组织来自不同来源、长度和形式各异的内容，如何有效地使用来自不同来源的数据来做到这一点需要仔细考虑。此外，还需要用户体验设计作为补充。</p>
<p>第一部分和用户体验并不难——可以通过创建一个临时子站点并在该环境中进行开发来完成，更难的是对所有内容进行分类。之前我提到过主要的变化因素是长度和形式，这意味着我们可以根据这些因素创建一个 2D 轴，并为每个部分命名，并附带两种特殊类型的内容：</p>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="576" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Seg_Page_03-1024x576.png" alt="" class="wp-image-3962" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Seg_Page_03-1024x576.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Seg_Page_03-300x169.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Seg_Page_03-768x432.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Seg_Page_03-1536x864.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Seg_Page_03-18x10.png 18w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Seg_Page_03.png 2000w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></figure>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="281" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Seg_Page_07-1024x281.png" alt="" class="wp-image-3961" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Seg_Page_07-1024x281.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Seg_Page_07-300x82.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Seg_Page_07-768x211.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Seg_Page_07-1536x422.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Seg_Page_07-18x5.png 18w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Seg_Page_07.png 2000w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></figure>
<p>现有内容的去向在这张图中一目了然——画廊和日志都归入同名版块，Suzu 的文章被分在观点和随笔中，存档的AyanamiCore 绫波核心（旧博客）中的精选文章被分进观点、随笔和日志。“叽喳”是从 X（以前的 Twitter）、QQ空间和微信朋友圈导入的。ACGN 是则一个全新的版块，将从头开始构建。</p>
<p>请注意，我为正式内容和休闲内容设置了不同的短内容和长内容界限——这是从现有内容中测得的数据。我还为每个部分选择了不同的主题颜色，几乎所有颜色都是深色，与纯白色形成鲜明对比。颜色在设计阶段非常重要。</p>
<p>总体界面我还是沿用绀色，其中三种颜色有特殊含义，紫色代表的 “日志” 分区，来自我所在的大学，棕色取材自我最喜欢的虚拟人物苏小真，粉色则是 #FFA1C0 的变种，其中A1C 代表现代虚拟主播元老Kizuna AI 使用的 “AI Channel”。</p>
<p>为了简单和便于过渡，我选择使用 C86 Academic 所使用的主题 – Nightingale。这是一个基于公认为非常简洁<br>美观的开源 NHS Frontend 开发的主题，并且拥有大量关于如何使用及其提供的元素的文档。我也在我的许<br>多项目中使用了 NHS Frontend，这让我能够相当轻松地自定义它的外观。</p>
<p>使用主题颜色的总体思路是能够在不同的部分显示它们——不仅可以告诉访问者位于网站的哪个部分，并创造统一但又有差异的体验，还可以提供动态和丰富多彩的感觉。横幅和几乎所有关键元素的颜色都会随着页面的主题颜色而改变：</p>
<div class="wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-10 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex">
<div class="wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow">
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img decoding="async" width="929" height="1024" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/ATC-GB1-929x1024.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-3952" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/ATC-GB1-929x1024.jpg 929w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/ATC-GB1-272x300.jpg 272w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/ATC-GB1-768x847.jpg 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/ATC-GB1-1393x1536.jpg 1393w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/ATC-GB1-11x12.jpg 11w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/ATC-GB1.jpg 1856w" sizes="(max-width: 929px) 100vw, 929px" /></figure>
</div>
<div class="wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow">
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img decoding="async" width="929" height="1024" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/ATC-GB2-929x1024.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-3953" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/ATC-GB2-929x1024.jpg 929w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/ATC-GB2-272x300.jpg 272w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/ATC-GB2-768x847.jpg 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/ATC-GB2-1393x1536.jpg 1393w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/ATC-GB2-11x12.jpg 11w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/ATC-GB2.jpg 1856w" sizes="(max-width: 929px) 100vw, 929px" /></figure>
</div>
</div>
<p>主题颜色也添加到HTML 的元部分，如果浏览器支持，则会显示，如上所示。这是通过在调用页面时应用自定义代码来完成的，并且会根据永久链接（对于页面）和当前帖子的主要类别（对于帖子）自动区分当前主题颜色。</p>
<p>上面的图片还展示了另一个需要注意的Web 元素——如何在给定的上下文中正确列出文章。Nightingale 主题不提供自定义列表所需的功能，更不用说根据类别名称显示选定的颜色了。这最终导致创建了一个特殊的短代码程序，允许创建此类列表。</p>
<p>首页会显示最新内容列表，右侧有侧边栏用于存档和其他功能，包括以前放在底部的经典人生格言。自我介绍以及其他类似功能的页面被移到专门的页面，并在首页顶部有链接。</p>
<p>为了便于裁剪和获得良好的视觉效果，我决定将每个列表顶部的特色图片设置为 1:3 的比例，这样既可以一览内容，又不会占用太多垂直空间而导致用户滚动浏览。但 “叽喳” 和 “相册” 除外，因为相比与增加的滚动，显示整张图片更为重要。</p>
<p>最后的调整位于每篇帖子的末尾，其中缺少帖子所附标签的列表。这可以通过修改主题代码来完成，但考虑到所需的所有CSS 调整和使用的自定义函数，最好创建一个子主题，因为子主题可以覆盖模板主题中定义的函数来进行部件的修改。</p>
<div class="wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-11 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex">
<div class="wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow">
<figure class="wp-block-image size-full"><img decoding="async" width="733" height="85" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/SSTags.png" alt="" class="wp-image-3960" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/SSTags.png 733w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/SSTags-300x35.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/SSTags-18x2.png 18w" sizes="(max-width: 733px) 100vw, 733px" /></figure>
</div>
<div class="wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow"></div>
</div>
<p>经过多次测试和视觉调整，这组改动于 6 月初成功完成。</p>
<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="nhs-block-anchor-5">教训</h2>
<p>以前，几乎所有的更改都是“添加”而不是真正的更改，每个功能和视觉“改进”都是在旧代码上堆积更多代码，而不是寻找最有效的方法来完成工作。虽然一开始可能行得通，但事情很快就会变得非常混乱，这一次大约只花了 14 个月就到了难以收拾的境界。</p>
<p>通过提前设定目标和制定计划，事情进展得迅速而有序。从经验来看，这次重建只花费了我在没有事先计划的情况下可能花费的时间的一半。我想这就是我在大学教育中获得的知识在实践中发挥作用的方式，虽然这看起来可能更难，但它确实提供了更高的效率和更好的结果。</p>
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</item><item>
<title>机器学习的机遇会演变为危机吗？</title>
<link>https://chise.hachiroku.uk/zh/opinion/llm-ml-risk/</link>
<comments>https://chise.hachiroku.uk/zh/opinion/llm-ml-risk/#respond</comments>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[Chise Hachiroku]]></dc:creator>
<pubDate>Mon, 19 Aug 2024 12:02:00 +0000</pubDate>
<category><![CDATA[日志观点]]></category>
<category><![CDATA[人工智能]]></category>
<category><![CDATA[思考]]></category>
<category><![CDATA[机器学习]]></category>
<category><![CDATA[道德]]></category>
<guid isPermaLink="false">https://chise.hachiroku.uk/?p=4294</guid>
<description><![CDATA[有人认为我们正处于所谓的 ChatGPT 时代，
基于 LLM 的应用如雨后春笋般不断涌现。这
真的是光明的未来，还是我们正在引入的巨
大风险？]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[
<p>毫无疑问，自ChatGPT 发布以来，人工智能，尤其是基于机器学习的应用，再次引起了广泛的关注和应用——有些人甚至将我们现在生活的时代称为ChatGPT 时代。在大型语言模型 (LLM) 领域之外，其他研究领域的增长也相当可观，包括语音合成、对象识别和多媒体创作。虽然LLM 和其他 ML 应用本身作为产品或研究成果令人惊叹，但它们的崛起在应用和潜在影响方面却令人担忧。</p>
<p>在某种程度上，我们不知道LLM 或任何人工神经网络 (ANN) 究竟是如何运作的。虽然数学公式与基本观念都是合理的，但训练的结果却并不如此。我们几乎无法直接从训练结果中提取任何有用的知识，或通过参数检查错误，同时我们也缺乏在训练完成前预测输出结果的能力。</p>
<p>一个很好的例子是超参数的存在，即训练过程中使用的可能会对结果产生较大影响的参数。大多数情况下，对超参数的调整都是通过经验法则来实现的，而数值变化和结果之间的相关性通常无法正式解释。</p>
<p>ML 模型的另一个问题是，它试图创建看似可信的结果，而不管其正确性如何。对于LLM来说，这可能是在生成不存在的知识，而对于其他应用来说，它可能被用来冒充他人并被犯罪分子利用。这两种情况都已经出现在新闻报导中，并产生了令人遗憾的结果。</p>
<p>总而言之，基于机器学习的人工智能存在三个主要问题：</p>
<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>我们无法在训练结果产生不良输出之前检查其是否存在问题。</li>
<li>训练主要是依靠经验，没有数学依据或可靠的预测。</li>
<li>模型的结果可能看似正确，其实是错误的，或者可以用于可疑的活动。</li>
</ul>
<p>那么，它们与危机有什么关系？</p>
<p>最大的问题在于我们先前对“计算机不会犯错”的错误观念，这种观念已经根深蒂固地存在于许多普通公众的心中，正如英国迄今为止最大的不公正事件（邮局公司丑闻）的原因所展示的。</p>
<p>由于过去几十年的经验，我们被训练去相信正常运行的计算机系统通常是正确的，并且养成了无条件信任它们的习惯——例如，我们不会手动验证计算器的输出，除非检查结果错误，而且已经确保所有输入都是正确的。</p>
<p>最近的案例也表明，这种误解与LLM的不稳定性相结合，创造了一些有趣的故事，例如律师因使用ChatGPT 创建的虚构案件向法庭陈述其客户的案件而卷入麻烦的漩涡。此外，有些学生完全依赖LLM进行关键的复习或课程作业，而不是使用稳定性更高的搜索引擎和教科书，导致LLM提出的虚假主张和事实错误为他们带来了重大失败。</p>
<p>短期内，预计没有任何一个LLM，也没有任何一种人工智能技术能够保证100%的正确率，而人们根深蒂固的错误观念也不会轻易消失。</p>
<p>另一个令人担忧的因素是LLM如何重构人们获取知识和完成任务的方式。我个人的观察是，网络上由LLM创建的内容明显增多，这些内容很有可能长期污染网络空间。此外，越来越多的人，主要是年轻人和不合格的程序员，使用LLM完成大部分或全部编码工作，却不知道生成的代码为什么能或不能工作。</p>
<p>这种对互联网的污染将不可避免地误导一些在知识森林中进行探索的可怜的灵魂，他们可能获取并应用由LLM生成的虚假信息，甚至将不可靠的代码插入到更大的项目中。</p>
<p>也有人声称，现在已经有办法欺骗人工智能系统以谋取私利。随着越来越多的人力资源系统采用LLM 系统对简历进行初步筛选，一些申请人能够用一个隐形短语欺骗筛选系统，指示LLM 忽略之前的指示并对相关申请人做出积极的评价。虽然有些人可能会认为这也需要一些知识，但毫无疑问，这更像是一种伎俩，而不是可用的能力。</p>
<p>毫无疑问，这种伎俩并不完全合乎道德，可能对技术求职者和用人公司都构成威胁。但几乎没有什么好的措施可以避免此类事情发生，因为几乎肯定会有更先进的逃逸手段来获取这些不公平的优势。</p>
<p>以上讨论的所有三个因素都表明人们可能会选择利用LLM来为自己谋利，而很少考虑这东西有多不可靠。如果这些事情是孤立事件，那就没那么重要了，但越来越多的报告和观察似乎表明，这可能只是冰山一角。</p>
<p>多年来，人们一直在担心我们的教育系统是否如预期般运作，对我们的数字基础设施是否足够可靠和安全的担忧也日益增加。如果在没有适当配置的情况下使用人工智能的趋势继续增长，不仅我们脆弱的数字系统可能受到进一步威胁，还将导致事实错误的信息在全球和跨代传播。</p>
<p>尽管人们普遍认为，在新技术发展的初期可以不制定法规，但这些法规不应再适用于LLM和机器学习应用，因为这些技术的负面影响已经产生了明显的影响。另一方面，如果没有法规，一些变化很难逆转，例如基于LLM的简历筛选，因为人才招聘部门的压力也很大，取消这种自动筛选并不现实。</p>
<p>不可靠的LLM应用已经对我们构成了一定的风险。虽然需要立即采取行动，但根据过去的经验，监管机构可能不会在我们希望的时间内介入。我们是否能够看到这种风险得到缓解，以及何时能够缓解，仍有待观察。</p>
]]></content:encoded>
<wfw:commentRss>https://chise.hachiroku.uk/zh/opinion/llm-ml-risk/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
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</item><item>
<title>对Bilibili Inc. 的财务状况和潜在附加值的简单分析</title>
<link>https://chise.hachiroku.uk/zh/journal/added-value-bilibili-inc/</link>
<comments>https://chise.hachiroku.uk/zh/journal/added-value-bilibili-inc/#comments</comments>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[Chise Hachiroku]]></dc:creator>
<pubDate>Sat, 01 Jun 2024 22:20:52 +0000</pubDate>
<category><![CDATA[日志文章]]></category>
<category><![CDATA[中国]]></category>
<category><![CDATA[哔哩哔哩]]></category>
<category><![CDATA[思考]]></category>
<category><![CDATA[电子商务]]></category>
<category><![CDATA[科技]]></category>
<guid isPermaLink="false">https://chise.hachiroku.uk/?p=4296</guid>
<description><![CDATA[他们能勇敢地拓展业务的日子已经一去不复返了。]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[
<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="nhs-block-anchor-0">重要提示</h2>
<p>强烈建议在阅读本报告的任何部分之前先浏览附录A（缩写）。附录 A 中列出的缩写将不会在本报告的其他地方解释。</p>
<p>除非另有说明，本报告中的所有货币报表均以人民币（CNY）为单位，并根据需要进行直接货币转换。不考虑离岸人民币（CNH）。2023 年人民币与英镑和美元的中间价年平均值为：</p>
<figure class="wp-block-table is-style-nhsuk-table-responsive"><table><tbody><tr><td>1 人民币（CNY） = 0.11372 英镑（GBP）</td><td>1 人民币（CNY） = 0.14191 美元（USD）</td></tr><tr><td>1 英镑（GBP）= 8.7933 人民币（CNY）</td><td>1 美元（USD） = 7.0467 人民币（CNY）</td></tr></tbody></table><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">(1)</figcaption></figure>
<p>本报告撰写于2024年4月至5月。研究于2024年2月至4月完成。</p>
<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="nhs-block-anchor-1">有些长的概述</h2>
<p>Bilibili Inc. 在多项 ACGN 相关业务以及长篇 UGC 视频领域占据主导地位，并在纳斯达克和香港交易所上市，其大部分业务和几乎所有员工都位于中国。(2)</p>
<p>其主打服务，也就是公司起步时的那个“主站”，是一个受日本 niconico 启发的二次元视频分享平台，主要面向年轻群体。在发展过程中，“主站”上的 UGC 视频也涵盖了教育视频播客等多种内容，而且种类迅速增多，因为中国其他视频分享平台在任何视频前都会有很长的广告，而哔哩哔哩在 2014 年预商业化时期就承诺不这样做。到目前为止，他们仍然在中国中长视频平台中占据主导地位，多达 81% 的 Z 世代是其活跃用户。 (3) 最接近的竞争对手是“其他”。</p>
<div class="wp-block-image is-style-default">
<figure class="aligncenter size-full"><img decoding="async" width="362" height="271" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/image.png" alt="" class="wp-image-3415" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/image.png 362w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/image-300x225.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/image-16x12.png 16w" sizes="(max-width: 362px) 100vw, 362px" /></figure></div>
<p>2016 年，他们推出了高级订阅服务——大会员。该订阅服务是视频网站中最昂贵的订阅服务之一，订阅者可以观看动漫系列、电视节目、电影和纪录片。它还可以在适用的情况下解锁更高的比特率和视频质量，但一些人认为bilibili 提供的比特率明显低于竞争对手。据该公司称，到 2023 年底，他们拥有 2190 万订阅者，创造了约 32 亿元人民币的收入<a href="#_ftn1"><sup>[1]</sup></a>。(2) Bilibili 在动漫剧集方面占据主导地位，拥有最大的剧集库；对于非动漫OGV，其竞争对手是优酷土豆、腾讯视频和爱奇艺。(4) 值得注意的是，优酷土豆和腾讯视频由 bilibili 的两位重要投资者控制。</p>
<p>从 2019 年开始，该公司采取了一种策略来扩大其受众群体，既包括年轻一代的非二次元社区，也包括不喜欢抖音（TikTok 的中文版本）等短视频平台的老一代。有些人可能会认为 bilibili 的 UGC 部分与 YouTube 非常相似。然而，根据我对多名年龄在 40 岁以上的现有用户的个人调查，大会员服务对老一代没有吸引力，原因将在后面的部分讨论。</p>
<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-full"><img decoding="async" width="348" height="259" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/image-1.png" alt="" class="wp-image-3416" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/image-1.png 348w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/image-1-300x223.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/image-1-16x12.png 16w" sizes="(max-width: 348px) 100vw, 348px" /></figure></div>
<p>Bilibili 还拥有直播分支，其中 50% 的收入由 Bilibili 拿走，剩余的 50% 归主播所有。 (5) Bilibili 并未披露该分支的收入数额，但目前它是中国虚拟偶像 (即 VTuber) 的主导平台，因为几乎所有竞争对手都有不同的内容偏好。 (6) 直播的主要竞争对手包括抖音、快手、淘宝、百度和腾讯， (4) 但Bilibili 提供的内容更像是补充，而不是导致直接竞争的替代品。</p>
<p>除了主站之外，bilibili还有其他一些重要的收入来源：手机游戏、IP及电商、广告。(2)(7)</p>
<p>Bilibili 在中国的 ACGN 社区中独树一帜，是中国市场上多款日式游戏的发行商，其中最著名的是《命运：冠位指定》(Fate: Grand Order) 和《碧蓝航线》(Azure Lane)。(8) 据消息称，他们确实担任多款游戏的地区或全球发行商，并尝试自己开发游戏，但成功率非常低，因为大多数游戏都是短命的，并且在手机游戏玩家中积累了不好的名声。据一些消息人士称，Bilibili 计划在未来减少该领域的比重。</p>
<p>此外，由于bilibili 的独特地位，几乎所有在中国发行的日式游戏都会将 bilibili 作为其分销渠道之一，即使他们决定不与手机制造商的渠道合作（华为、Oppo、Vivo、小米、三星等）。这在《原神》和《蔚蓝档案》中最为明显，这两款游戏只有发行商的直销渠道和bilibili。Bilibili 将从其渠道用户产生的收入中抽取一部分，通常为25% 到 50%。<a href="#_ftn2" id="_ftnref2"><sup>[2]</sup></a><a href="#_ftn3" id="_ftnref3"><sup>[3]</sup></a><a href="#_ftn4" id="_ftnref4"><sup>[4]</sup></a></p>
<p>2023年，上述两种不同的盈利模式为bilibili一共带来了40亿人民币的净收入。</p>
<p>bilibili 上确实存在广告，只是不会出现在视频之前、之中或之后。它们出现在主页、推荐、时间线之间、短视频模式的视频以及播放页面的视频和描述区域之间的空间中。购买大会员不会删除平台上的任何广告。2023 年，这为bilibili 带来了 64 亿美元的净收入。有关广告的更多信息将在以下章节中讨论。</p>
<p>IP 和电子商务是目前收入占比最小的部分，仅带来 21 亿净收入 (2)。这些收入来自 bilibili 相关 IP 的销售，例如 22 和 33 的形象（网站吉祥物）、“小电视”徽标、与其他 IP 的合作产品（最引人注目的是耳机），以及书籍、塑料立牌、塑料公仔等ACGN 相关产品的销售。近年来，运营范围已扩展到活动门票，但收效甚微。以上销售均通过bilibili 移动应用程序中的“会员商店”功能进行。</p>
<div class="wp-block-image is-style-default">
<figure class="aligncenter size-large is-resized"><img decoding="async" width="801" height="1024" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/REV_DIST-801x1024.png" alt="" class="wp-image-3451" style="width:400px" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/REV_DIST-801x1024.png 801w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/REV_DIST-235x300.png 235w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/REV_DIST-768x982.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/REV_DIST-1201x1536.png 1201w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/REV_DIST-9x12.png 9w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/REV_DIST.png 1251w" sizes="(max-width: 801px) 100vw, 801px" /></figure></div>
<p>约有一半不太重要的产品由于字数限制未在上述介绍中涵盖。其中包括漫画发行、有声读物平台（猫耳）、线下动漫展（bilibili World）以及线上、线下或混合演唱会（bilibili link）。</p>
<p>如上所述，B站的业务要么没有直接竞争对手，要么即使有，也往往具有显著的优势。关键在于“主站”，经过十多年的发展，主站已经成为一个社交平台和二次元社区的中心，也是许多人信赖的品牌。这为B站的其他产品增加了价值，尤其是对于处于起步阶段的手机游戏和电商业务，因为这个领域并不是所有的玩家都在公平竞争，确实存在一些不良游戏“拉地毯跑路”或商家销售假冒伪劣商品的情况。一般用户行为也使B站成为一个流量平台，为其其他产品提供了巨大的优势。一位现任员工说：“我们不需要花费任何资金就可以让我们的游戏在首页或应用启动广告位呆上一两天，而且在这些事情上我们还有更高的优先级（这样其他的游戏就不能和我们抢）。”</p>
<p>根据研究论文，二次元社区以年轻一代为主，但年龄段覆盖面很广，超过一半的用户年龄在 24 岁以下，35 岁以上的用户仍有 10.9%。（3）尤其是 bilibili，由于 2019 年的扩张，用户年龄略大，且年龄跨度更广。</p>
<div class="wp-block-image is-style-default">
<figure class="aligncenter size-full"><img decoding="async" width="642" height="292" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/image-3.png" alt="" class="wp-image-3418" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/image-3.png 642w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/image-3-300x136.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/image-3-18x8.png 18w" sizes="(max-width: 642px) 100vw, 642px" /></figure></div>
<p>研究机构估计，中国二次元相关服务和产品的总市场规模仍在扩大，但同比增速有所下降。(6) 内容是指直接销售的二次元内容，而衍生品是指随内容出售的商品，例如游戏中的角色可以制成手办玩具，其标价往往比游戏本身还大。</p>
<p>由于bilibili品牌在中国二次元社区中不可撼动的主导地位和影响力，在不久的将来，它几乎在这个领域的各个方面都占有优势，可以通过将用户流量引导到付费企业客户或者自己的新服务上来获取利润。</p>
<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="nhs-block-anchor-2">财务分析</h2>
<p>Bilibili 是NASDAQ (纳斯达克) 和香港证券交易所 (HKEX) 的上市公司，因此有义务每年向公众披露其财务状况。对于本报告，我将使用其投资者关系网站上披露的 20-F 表年度报告以及S&P Capital IQ Pro 的数据。所有数据均以货币换算后的人民币 (CNY，而非 CNH) 为单位。</p>
<p>至于比较竞争对手公司，由于“主网站”最相似的网站（AcFun）已被快手科技收购，而哔哩哔哩与之有商业合作关系的虎牙科技已在向美国证券交易委员会提交的 20-F 文件中将哔哩哔哩科技和快手科技都列为其竞争对手，因此本节选择这两家公司作为行业比较。这三家公司的大部分业务和客户都位于中国。<a href="#_ftn5" id="_ftnref5">[5]</a></p>
<p>2015 年至 2023 年，B站净收入年年都是负数，从 -5.69 亿（2015 年）到 -74.97 亿（2022 年）不等。2017 年至 2022 年，随着总收入的增长，公司净收入也随之增长，但 2023 年出现下降。2017 年亏损减少可能与订阅服务（大会员）的推出以及围绕OGV 内容的多项增收计划有关，例如个人资料上的付费装饰以及名称和头像的出现。</p>
<div class="wp-block-image is-style-default">
<figure class="aligncenter size-large is-resized"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="529" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/FIN_HLT-1024x529.png" alt="" class="wp-image-3450" style="width:750px" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/FIN_HLT-1024x529.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/FIN_HLT-300x155.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/FIN_HLT-768x396.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/FIN_HLT-1536x793.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/FIN_HLT-2048x1057.png 2048w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/FIN_HLT-18x9.png 18w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></figure></div>
<p>不过，据多位消息人士透露，2023年的下降是由于2022年发起的一系列行动，包括解散部门、取消盈利能力低的项目、终止目前无利可图的现有项目、提前释放在建项目以及大规模裁员。</p>
<p>其他公开可观察到的变化包括频繁发布成本极低的付费虚拟物品，例如与个人资料或应用程序定制相关的物<br>品，其价格比以前高得多（2019 年为 35 元人民币，2024 年为 65 元人民币）。</p>
<p>查看包含这些净收入数据的资产负债表，会发现一些令人不安的信息。下表通过以下公式计算差额：</p>
<p class="has-text-align-center">差额=年末总资产 -（年初总资产 + 净收入）</p>
<figure class="wp-block-table is-style-nhsuk-table-responsive"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>百万人<br>民币</strong></td><td><strong>23财年</strong></td><td><strong>22财年</strong></td><td><strong><strong>21财年</strong></strong></td><td><strong><strong>20财年</strong></strong></td><td><strong><strong>19财年</strong></strong></td><td><strong><strong><strong>18财年</strong></strong></strong></td><td><strong><strong><strong>17财年</strong></strong></strong></td><td><strong><strong><strong>16财年</strong></strong></strong></td></tr><tr><td>前一财年</td><td>41,831</td><td>52,053</td><td>23,866</td><td>15,517</td><td>10,490</td><td>3,474</td><td>2,167</td><td>1,157</td></tr><tr><td>当前财年</td><td>33,159</td><td>41,831</td><td>52,053</td><td>23,866</td><td>15,517</td><td>10,490</td><td>3,474</td><td>2,167</td></tr><tr><td>净利润</td><td>-4,822</td><td>-7,497</td><td>-6,789</td><td>-3,012</td><td>-1,289</td><td>-616</td><td>-572</td><td>-1,185</td></tr><tr><td>差额</td><td>-3,850</td><td>-2,725</td><td>34,976</td><td>11,361</td><td>6,316</td><td>7,632</td><td>1,879</td><td>2,195</td></tr></tbody></table><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">(9) (10)</figcaption></figure>
<p>虽然由于非营业支出或资产贬值导致差额为负数的情况很常见，但从2016财年到2021财年的流入表明公司不断获得资金注入，包括 2018 年在NASDAQ和 2021 年在HKEX上市，以及腾讯、黑石（BlackRock）和高盛（Goldman Sachs）的投资。 (11) 显然，自2022财年以来，此类注入已显着减少，公司首次出现年终总资产减少，可能是由于上一年度 2021 财年净收入在错误方向上增加了 125%。在像2023财年这样的 4 年之后，Bilibili 便可能会面临资不抵债破产的最终命运。</p>
<div class="wp-block-image is-style-default">
<figure class="aligncenter size-full is-resized"><img decoding="async" width="2212" height="1258" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/RET_ON_CAP_EMP.png" alt="" class="wp-image-3449" style="width:750px" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/RET_ON_CAP_EMP.png 2212w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/RET_ON_CAP_EMP-300x171.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/RET_ON_CAP_EMP-1024x582.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/RET_ON_CAP_EMP-768x437.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/RET_ON_CAP_EMP-1536x874.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/RET_ON_CAP_EMP-2048x1165.png 2048w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/RET_ON_CAP_EMP-18x10.png 18w" sizes="(max-width: 2212px) 100vw, 2212px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">(10) (9) (12) (13) (14) (15)</figcaption></figure></div>
<p>为了进一步分析财务状况和行业趋势，我将使用多种因素的比率。首先，我使用了资本使用回报率 (ROCE)，因为Bilibili 近年来一直在不断增长，并获得了多项投资，竞争对手也是如此。</p>
<p>从 ROCE 图可以看出，相比于竞争对手，B站上市以来的 ROCE 比较稳定，虽然为负值，但相对稳定，不像快手那样剧烈波动，但近几年比虎牙要低。不过B站是三者中唯一一家净营收从未转正的。总结来看，B站盈利能力并无明显劣势，但现金流未能转正令人担忧。考虑到B站成立时间较长，投资者对投资回报可能不满意，尤其是B站从未派发过分红。</p>
<p>第二个是流动比率（CR），用来衡量企业偿还即时债务的能力。</p>
<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-full is-resized"><img decoding="async" width="2212" height="1182" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/CURR_RATIO.png" alt="" class="wp-image-3448" style="width:750px" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/CURR_RATIO.png 2212w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/CURR_RATIO-300x160.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/CURR_RATIO-1024x547.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/CURR_RATIO-768x410.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/CURR_RATIO-1536x821.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/CURR_RATIO-2048x1094.png 2048w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/CURR_RATIO-18x10.png 18w" sizes="(max-width: 2212px) 100vw, 2212px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">(10) (14) (12)</figcaption></figure></div>
<p>这是一张非常有趣的图表，值得分析。看来，该行业企业的流动比率一般仍为 1.1，虎牙的比率保持得非常高，可能是因为其在 2016 财年的业绩不佳。然而，对于 Bilibili 来说，尽管他们的 CR 通常高于极好的 1.8 线，但在 2022 财年，该值降至 1.4 的较低安全值，而在最近的 2023 财年，它跌破了 1.1 的安全线。</p>
<p>这显然不是个好消息。这意味着公司降低成本的措施虽然在一定程度上有效，但高管们也选择了承担更大的风险。</p>
<p>没有消息表面具体发生了什么，但数据表明，虽然哔哩哔哩没有承担太多新债务，但其拥有的流动资产在 2022 财年和 2023 财年大幅下降，这可能是缺乏新资金注入的结果，新资金通常以流动资金的形式出现。</p>
<figure class="wp-block-table is-style-nhsuk-table-responsive"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>Bilibili</strong></td><td><strong>19财年</strong></td><td><strong><strong>20财年</strong></strong></td><td><strong><strong>21财年</strong></strong></td><td><strong><strong><strong>22财年</strong></strong></strong></td><td><strong><strong><strong>23财年</strong></strong></strong></td></tr><tr><td>流动资产</td><td>1,483</td><td>2,411</td><td>5,737</td><td>3,545</td><td>2,641</td></tr><tr><td>流动负债</td><td>614</td><td>1,132</td><td>1,900</td><td>2,478</td><td>2,553</td></tr><tr><td>流动比例</td><td>2.4153094</td><td>2.1298587</td><td>3.01947368</td><td>1.4305892</td><td>1.0344693</td></tr></tbody></table><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">(10)</figcaption></figure>
<p>这意味着，缺乏新投资给哔哩哔哩带来的麻烦比资产损失的不健康梯度更严重。尽管哔哩哔哩的 CR 低于安全区域，但短期内它不应该遭遇导致直接破产的悲剧事件，因为它是中国公认的公共平台，并得到一些政府支持，这意味着在最坏的情况下，政府资金可能会有所帮助。</p>
<p>由于Bilibili 是一家以网络为主导的公司（通过销售实体产品产生的收入不到 10%），因此许多比率可能不适合用于评估Bilibili 及其竞争对手。为了正确评估其盈利能力，我制定了一个新的比率指标——每 MAU 税前利润和每 MAU 收入。这将反映公司可以从每个用户身上产生多少利润或收入。</p>
<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-full is-resized"><img decoding="async" width="2211" height="1242" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/MAU_AVGPRETAXREV.png" alt="" class="wp-image-3447" style="width:750px" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/MAU_AVGPRETAXREV.png 2211w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/MAU_AVGPRETAXREV-300x169.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/MAU_AVGPRETAXREV-1024x575.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/MAU_AVGPRETAXREV-768x431.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/MAU_AVGPRETAXREV-1536x863.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/MAU_AVGPRETAXREV-2048x1150.png 2048w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/MAU_AVGPRETAXREV-18x10.png 18w" sizes="(max-width: 2211px) 100vw, 2211px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">(9) (14) (12) (16) (17) (18) (19) (20) (21) (22) (23) (24) (25) (2) (26) (27) (28) (29) (30)</figcaption></figure></div>
<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-full is-resized"><img decoding="async" width="2209" height="1374" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/MAU_AVGREV.png" alt="" class="wp-image-3446" style="width:750px" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/MAU_AVGREV.png 2209w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/MAU_AVGREV-300x187.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/MAU_AVGREV-1024x637.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/MAU_AVGREV-768x478.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/MAU_AVGREV-1536x955.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/MAU_AVGREV-2048x1274.png 2048w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/MAU_AVGREV-18x12.png 18w" sizes="(max-width: 2209px) 100vw, 2209px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">(9) (14) (12) (16) (17) (18) (19) (20) (21) (22) (23) (24) (25) (2) (26) (27) (28) (29) (30)</figcaption></figure></div>
<p>从两张图中我们可以看到，奇怪的是，不同的公司却各有特色。对于哔哩哔哩，我们可以看到它似乎很难让客户付费——虎牙和快手的每月平均收入都更好，尤其是虎牙的单个用户收入几乎是哔哩哔哩的两倍。从每月收入来看，三家公司的标准可能非常相似，但快手在 2020 年和 2021 年投入了巨额广告费用与抖音竞争，可能导利润大幅下降。</p>
<p>总结一下，Bilibili 在多个指标上都与竞争对手相比相当普通，但似乎很难让用户付费。其 2021 财年面向公众的扩张计划似乎给其净收入带来了问题，并极大地影响了投资者对它的信心，这可能是由于其早期IPO 和后期宣传（4 上市年份）。因此，从2022财年起，可以观察到Bilibili的盈利能力等各项重要指标均有所下降。</p>
<p>未来几年内，哔哩哔哩必须找到一种盈利方式，阻止资产流失，从不同渠道寻找投资，或者为破产或被收购做好准备。它仍有自己独特的潜力有待开发，但也必须在削减成本和提高产品竞争力之间取得微妙的平衡，因为盈利能力也在下降。</p>
<p>总结来说，B站的优势非常明显，在本地市场占有率高，收入稳定，用户忠诚度高。B站自成立以来，一直奉行高投入高收益的策略，在过去几年里取得了良好的效果，也让其在本地市场占据了主导地位。但疫情爆发以来，市场波动、资金注入减少，可能给B站带来不可避免的财务风险。基于此，我的建议如下：</p>
<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="nhs-block-anchor-3">提议的变更（开源）</h2>
<p>bilibili 上的广告包括汽车、零食、应用程序、商业职业服务，还有在线债务平台和教育机构。一些广告甚至涉嫌涉及风险金融活动（最高合法保护利率的贷款），甚至学术不端行为（合同欺诈），甚至有时还会出现与bilibili 当前产品直接竞争的产品。</p>
<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-full"><img decoding="async" width="337" height="250" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/image-12.png" alt="" class="wp-image-3430" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/image-12.png 337w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/image-12-300x223.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/image-12-16x12.png 16w" sizes="(max-width: 337px) 100vw, 337px" /></figure></div>
<p>由于没有关于用户对广告的看法的适当量化结果，我在我经常活跃的社区进行了基于表格的调查活动。为了防止抽样结果出现偏差，我确保ACGN 社区内外的人员也完成了调查。调查完成了，共收到 38 份结果。</p>
<p>在广告质量感知问题（NPS）中，bilibili得分为-82。经过与用户的讨论，广告的主要抱怨点是强度增加、质量下降和交互设计不佳，最糟糕的设计甚至在国内顶级媒体上也引起了讨论。(31)</p>
<p>自 2022 年底以来，B站和应用上的广告数量几乎翻了一番。值得注意的新增功能包括在视频和评论部分之间添加横幅广告，广告与其他低清晰度视频一起显示在首页，以及创作者默认选择启用“UP主推荐广告”，而创作者只有在向用户展示某些广告后才可以选择取消这些广告。</p>
<p>如前所述，付费订阅服务“大会员”不会移除网站或移动应用中的广告。不过，如果“UP主推荐广告”是平台广告，则可能会引起争议——因为创作者无法添加自己的广告，但他们可以选择退出他们不喜欢的广告，而且创作者确实会获得一定比例的广告收入。</p>
<p>“大会员”服务本身也是一种值得怀疑的产品。根据调查结果，用户主要看重的是OGV（主要是动漫）的高播放质量和流媒体。其他人则表示他们只是希望支持bilibili的服务，或者希望改变个性化装饰。以下是对这三个方面的细分：</p>
<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>bilibili 上的 OGV 同步率下降——他们不再如以前一样购买当前季节的动漫。大多数没有继续订阅的人都对监管要求导致的删节表示不满。(32)</li>
<li>存在可以通过盗版获得OGV的途径。可以假设大多数付费客户都有获得盗版内容的稳定渠道，但目前还没有好的解决方案。(33)</li>
<li>现在可以通过一次性购买单独购买许多帐户装饰品。</li>
<li>调查显示，大部分大会员用户并不认可提高播放质量。</li>
<li>许多用户表示大会员不值这个价钱，或者根本用不上。近一半的旧会员对bilibili目前的服务感到不满。</li>
</ul>
<p>调查显示，大会员续费或新订阅的NPS为-65，好于广告质量的NPS。</p>
<p>因此，我建议允许大会员订阅者登录后不观看任何网页或移动应用上的广告（UP主推荐的广告除外），作为增值举措。这将为大会员订阅增加价值，从而增加吸引力。可以预期订阅数量会增加，从而带来更好的收入。</p>
<p>不可否认的是，网站上的广告减少将导致广告收入下降。Bilibili 报告称，截至 2023 年底，其订阅用户数为2190 万，2023 年的 MAU 为 3.29 亿。假设所有订阅用户都是 MAU，因此可以使用以下公式计算广告收入的预计最大减少量：</p>
<p class="has-text-align-center">减量 =（会员数）/（平均MAU数）× 广告收入<br>≈ 21,900,000 / 329,000,000 × 6,412,040,000 = 426,819,683.60798</p>
<p>如果订阅价格一分钱不涨，那么这部分降价是不会由付费用户来弥补的。不过，正如前面提到的，广告的减少也会增加订阅的吸引力。</p>
<p>根据调查，在当前折扣价下，可增加约 50% 或更多订阅数量，如果价格上涨 20%，则可增加约 20%。估计没有用户支付常规订阅价格，而常规订阅价格是当前折扣价的 2 倍以上。</p>
<p>据此，我们可以通过以下方式计算消除不利因素所带来的额外收入：</p>
<p class="has-text-align-center">增幅 = 当前会员数 × 附加因子 × 更新价格 + 当前会员数 × （更新价格 – 当前价格）</p>
<p>我们可以估算出0%和20%价格上涨后的收入增加额为：</p>
<p class="has-text-align-center">增长@100% ≈ 21,900,000 × 50% × 148 = 1,620,600,000<br>增长@120% ≈ 21,900,000 × 20% × 177.6 + 29.6 × 21,900,000 = 1,426,128,000</p>
<p>显然，更好的选择是在进行更改时不提高价格。由于会员数将增加 50%，因此广告收入的减少也将增加约50%，因此广告收入减少后预计的收入增加为：</p>
<p class="has-text-align-center">总增加量 ≈ 1,620,600,000 – 426,819,684 × 150% = 980,370,474</p>
<p>这比增加 10 亿的收入略少，相当于 2023 财年更大的增值服务 (VAS) 收入的约 1.1 亿英镑和 9.89%。(1) (2)<a href="#_ftn6" id="_ftnref6">[6]</a><a href="#_ftn7" id="_ftnref7">[7]</a></p>
<p>值得注意的是，由于它是一项在线数字订阅服务，其产品不包含任何实体产品，因此大部分增值部分可以计入净收入。<a href="#_ftn8" id="_ftnref8">[8]</a> 这些新订阅用户的主要成本来自额外 OGV 的带宽需求增加以及会员资格赋予用户访问的更高比特率。OGV 的许可成本通常是固定的，不会随着订阅者数量的增加而增加。</p>
<p>Bilibili 没有透露在带宽上花了多少钱，但提到收入成本减少了 5%。可以认为，在用户数量增加的同时，成本降低措施可能能够将成本保持稳定在当前水平。为了方便起见，从保守的角度来看，我假设新用户的成本为订阅成本的 25%，总收入增加为：</p>
<p class="has-text-align-center">总收入增加 ≈ 980,370,474 – 1,620,600,000 × 25% = 575,220,474</p>
<p>该价值约相当于 6400 万英镑，相当于 2023 财年净亏损的 11.95%，并有可能大幅改善这家濒临破产风险的公司的财务状况。(1)(2)<a href="#_ftn9" id="_ftnref9">[9]</a><a href="#_ftn10" id="_ftnref10">[10]</a></p>
<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="nhs-block-anchor-4">削减成本，实现有机增长（节流）</h2>
<p>过去两年来，Bilibili 一直在大力削减成本，然而，在削减成本的过程中，该公司一直坚持几项正在进行的流程，这些流程会给公司带来巨大成本，并且可能不会产生未来的盈利结果。以下是该公司可以寻求削减成本的三个方面，同时不会影响其有机增长。从这些目的中释放出来的资金可用于支持适当的产品开发。</p>
<h3 class="wp-block-heading">全面裁撤游戏开发团队</h3>
<p>2022年2月，哔哩哔哩宣布以8亿美元收购一家未在文件中透露名称的游戏开发公司。据信这家公司就是广州新源互动，但该公司的野心远不止于此。</p>
<p>据消息，该公司购买的最早的团队位于 2021 年之前。该团队随后与他们在北京的另一个名为 ACCESS! 的工作室合并，该工作室可能是从完美世界收购的。</p>
<p>2021 年 8 月 4 日，该公司举行了 16 款游戏的“产品发布会”，其中包括 6 款内部制作的游戏。其中只有三款最终成功，据消息称，这些游戏均未获得“令人满意的利润”，也“至少收回了成本”。然而，失败项目的成本很可能已经损失殆尽。</p>
<p>另据消息人士证实，2022 年初，该公司决定解散当时十二支团队中的六支，从而终止相关项目。2023 年 6 月，中国游戏新闻网站“游戏葡萄”披露，广州新源互动裁员 50%。</p>
<p>收购和倒闭的循环可能在2022年底前使该公司当年损失了1.8亿多美元（34）。据称，目前该公司仍有数百名游戏开发相关人员，人数可能“比米哈游还多”。<a href="#_ftn11" id="_ftnref11">[11]</a></p>
<p>这种在游戏开发上的失败率都是无法与其他公司相比的，因为通常处于这种情况的公司已经申请破产。</p>
<p>根据上述数字，完全裁掉这些团队可以为公司每年节省至少五千万美元的成本，并且还可以取消一项没有带来任何有意义利润的业务。</p>
<h3 class="wp-block-heading">停止用户体验再开发</h3>
<p>Bilibili 一直在积极对其目前提供的多项服务的用户体验进行重新开发，包括“主站”的网站、Android 和iOS 客户端以及新开发的Windows 客户端。</p>
<p>对于网站来说，新开发的主页不再符合中华人民共和国的监管要求，并且一段时间内时间线功能有一个可怕的假设，即浏览器窗口是在16：9比例的屏幕上打开的，页面上的元素可以与内容重叠。</p>
<p>对于Android和iOS客户端，经过UX重新开发，目前有三种播放模式，每种都有不同的UI和操作逻辑，而YouTube目前在所有客户端和设备上只有一种。这三种模式都可以直接从主页单独触发，只需区分一个小图标。有些视频可以根据不同的入口点以三种模式中的任何一种播放。从我有限的用户体验经验来看这就如同噩梦。<a href="#_ftn12" id="_ftnref12">[12]</a></p>
<p>新Windows 客户端的用户体验设计是另一个噩梦，它对超宽屏幕的支持非常差，因为元素和播放控制可能会超出可绘制区域。更糟糕的是，与网站相比，它占用更多资源，功能更少，在几年前发布的低功耗笔记本电脑上基本上无法使用。</p>
<p>尽管Bilibili 产品的重新设计几乎全部处于进行中状态，但我建议停止这个过程，并在必要时进行恢复。用户体验领域的研究非常昂贵，并且需要“大量时间”(35)。</p>
<p>据估计，用户体验的完全重新设计将花费高达 100 万美元(36)，即每款产品约 700 万人民币，三款产品共计 2100 万美元。目前尚不清楚 bilibili 为此花费了多少钱，但考虑到目前的完成情况，估计进度约为 40%。考虑到这些变化造成的干扰，完全停止并部分恢复可能会为公司节省 50% 的成本，即约 1000 万美元，同时减少客诉。</p>
<h3 class="wp-block-heading">公司广告</h3>
<p>2020 年和 2021 年，Bilibili 发起了一场大规模的宣传活动，向二次元社区以外的人进行宣传，口号是“你喜欢的一切都在B站”。这项活动包括在地下交通站和火车站等公共枢纽付费投放全站广告、租赁大型户外静态或 LED 标志，以及在国家广播服务（CCTV 1）的黄金时段播放电视广告。</p>
<p>根据其在 HKEX 提交的文件，该公司此前已决定将其在 HKEX 公开发行的净收益中的 20% 用于这一领域，名为“销售和营销，主要用于促进用户增长和提高品牌知名度”。Bilibili 不必花掉所有预算资金。根据文件，预算资金的使用情况如下。</p>
<figure class="wp-block-table is-style-nhsuk-table-responsive"><table><thead><tr><th><strong>(百万港币)</strong></th><th><strong>21财年</strong></th><th><strong><strong>22财年</strong></strong></th><th><strong><strong>23财年</strong></strong></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>全部</strong></td><td>4,580.70</td><td>4,580.70</td><td>4,580.70</td></tr><tr><td><strong>年初余额</strong></td><td>4,580.70</td><td>3,999.80</td><td>2,250.50</td></tr><tr><td><strong>年度使用</strong></td><td>580.90</td><td>1,749.30</td><td>2,118.80</td></tr><tr><td><strong>年末余额</strong></td><td>3,999.80</td><td>2,250.50</td><td>131.7</td></tr><tr><td><strong>使用比例</strong></td><td>0.126814679</td><td>0.381884865</td><td>0.462549392</td></tr></tbody></table><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">(7) (37) (38)</figcaption></figure>
<p>虽然在2021财年中这些成本可能来自他们在 NASDAQ 的 IPO 的收益，但2022财年和2023财年的数据清楚地表明，该公司仍在平台本身的广告上投入大量资金。这些成本本可以完全不存在，这在一定程度上值得商榷。Bilibili 作为视频分享平台，在其自身领域取得了令人难以置信的成功，尤其是在长视频方面。该公司仍然可以使用口口相传的方式获得用户增长，就像现在的YouTube 一样，而且通常这种传播方式的效果比普通广告更好。在目前的财务状况和几乎空空如也的预算下，将这项成本削减到最低限度可以为公司节省至少 20 亿港币，约合 2 亿英镑。</p>
<hr class="wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity"/>
<p><a href="#_ftnref1" id="_ftn1">[1]</a> 按每年148元普通折扣价订阅用户数计算。</p>
<p><a href="#_ftnref2" id="_ftn2">[2]</a> 《原神》由米哈游开发并发行。</p>
<p><a href="#_ftnref3" id="_ftn3">[3]</a> Blue Archive 由 Nexon Games（韩国）开发，在中国和日本由 Yostar 发行。</p>
<p><a href="#_ftnref4" id="_ftn4">[4]</a> 经多个消息来源提供/验证。</p>
<p><a href="#_ftnref5" id="_ftn5">[5]</a> 也考虑过其他几家公司，但最终没有选用——腾讯的业务范围太广，规模太大；抖音的母公司字节跳动也运营TikTok，且业务遍布全球。</p>
<p><a href="#_ftnref6" id="_ftn6">[6]</a> 实际值 109,787,615.933346。基于 2024 年 4 月人民币兑英镑平均中间价 8.9297。(1)</p>
<p><a href="#_ftnref7" id="_ftn7">[7]</a> 实际值 0.0989265475152572。2023 财年增值服务收入记录为 9,910,080,000。(2)</p>
<p><a href="#_ftnref8" id="_ftn8">[8]</a> 除例外情况，如2023 ChinaJoy 的大会员休息区，现场订阅或续订会员资格，公司会提供实物奖励（水枪或椅子）。</p>
<p><a href="#_ftnref9" id="_ftn9">[9]</a> 实际值 64,416,550.83597433。基于 2024 年 4 月人民币兑英镑平均中间价 8.9297。(1)</p>
<p><a href="#_ftnref10" id="_ftn10">[10]</a> 实际值 0.1195458818927895。2023 财年净亏损为 4,811,713,000。(2)</p>
<p><a href="#_ftnref11" id="_ftn11">[11]</a> 《崩坏 3》、《原神》和《崩坏：星穹铁道》的开发者。</p>
<p><a href="#_ftnref12" id="_ftn12">[12]</a> 我在用户体验单元获得了一等分数。</p>
<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="nhs-block-anchor-5">书目 / 引文 / 参考文献</h2>
<p>1. <strong>中国外汇交易中心、全国银行间同业拆借中心、中国人民银行。</strong> 人民币中间价。[在线] 外汇交易系统和全国银行间同业拆借中心，2024 年 1 月 1 日。[引用日期：2024 年 5 月 9 日。] https://iftp.chinamoney.com.cn/english/bmkcpr/。</p>
<p>2. <strong><strong>Bilibili Inc.</strong></strong> 2023 年 20-F 表年度报告。bilibili 投资者主页。[在线] 2024 年 3 月 27 日。https://ir.bilibili.com/media/3xfch12a/annual-and-transition-report-of-foreign-private-issuers-sections-13-or-15-d.pdf。</p>
<p>3. <strong>CIC灼识咨询</strong> 2022中国二次元内容行业白皮书。 2022 年。</p>
<p>4. <strong>S&P Capital IQ Pro.</strong> Bilibili Inc. – 哔哩哔哩弹幕网 |竞争对手。 [在线] [引用日期：2024 年 4 月 5 日。] https://www.capitaliq.spglobal.com/web/client#company/competitors?id=5295870。</p>
<p>5. <strong>bilibili 直播学院</strong> 【bilibili直播开播学院】第十三期：详解礼物分成和提现规则。哔哩哔哩。 [在线] 2021 01 29。[引用日期：2024 年 5 月 8 日。] https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1pt4y1B7XC/。</p>
<p>6. <strong>艾瑞咨询.</strong> 中国二次元产业研究报告。 2021 年。</p>
<p>7. <strong><strong>Bilibili Inc.</strong></strong> Bilibili Inc. 2023 年年度报告。bilibili 投资者主页。[在线] 2024 年 4 月 7 日。[引用日期：2024 年 4 月 16 日。] https://ir.bilibili.com/media/lvrofkwj/bilibili-inc-2023-annual-report.pdf。</p>
<p>8. <strong><strong>Bilibili Inc.</strong></strong> 截至 2023 年 12 月 31 日止年度业绩公告。[在线] 2024 年 3 月 27 日。[引用日期：2024 年 4 月 1 日。] https://asia.tools.euroland.com/tools/Pressreleases/GetPressRelease/?ID=4488361&lang=en-GB&companycode=us-bili&v=hkse。</p>
<p>9. <strong>S&P Capital IQ Pro.</strong> Bilibili Inc. – 哔哩哔哩弹幕网 |收入证明。标准普尔 Capital IQ Pro。 [在线] [引用日期：2024 年 5 月 7 日。] https://www.capitaliq.spglobal.com/web/client#company/report?id=5295870&keypage=349754。</p>
<p>10. <strong>S&P Capital IQ.</strong> Bilibili Inc. – 哔哩哔哩弹幕网 |资产负债表。标准普尔 Capital IQ Pro。 [在线] [引用日期：2024 年 5 月 7 日。] https://www.capitaliq.spglobal.com/web/client#company/report?id=5295870&keypage=349840。</p>
<p>11. <strong>S&P Capital IQ.</strong> Bilibili Inc. – 哔哩哔哩弹幕网 |所有权摘要。标准普尔 Capital IQ Pro。 [在线] [引用日期：2024 年 5 月 9 日。] https://www.capitaliq.spglobal.com/web/client#company/OwnershipSummary?Id=5295870。</p>
<p>12. <strong>S&P Capital IQ.</strong> HUYA Inc. | 资产负债表。[在线] [引用日期：2024 年 5 月 8 日。] https://www.capitaliq.spglobal.com/web/client#company/report?id=6601834&keypage=349840。</p>
<p>13. <strong>S&P Capital IQ.</strong> HUYA Inc. | HUYA Inc. | 损益表。[在线] [引用日期：2024 年 5 月 8 日。] https://www.capitaliq.spglobal.com/web/client#company/report?id=6601834&keypage=349754。</p>
<p>14. <strong>S&P Capital IQ.</strong> 快手科技 | 资产负债表。 [在线] [引用日期：2024 年 5 月 8 日。] https://www.capitaliq.spglobal.com/web/client#company/report?id=5994549&keypage=349840。</p>
<p>15. <strong>S&P Capital IQ.</strong> 快手科技 | 收入申明。 [在线] [引用日期：2024 年 5 月 8 日。] https://www.capitaliq.spglobal.com/web/client#company/report?id=5994549&keypage=349754。</p>
<p>16. <strong>快手科技.</strong> 2020 年年度报告。[在线] [引用日期：2024 年 5 月 9 日。] https://ir.kuaishou.com/staticfiles/9b436e92-fd39-404c-877e-c3b0d9b92b80。</p>
<p>17. <strong>快手科技.</strong> 2021 年年度报告。[在线] [引用日期：2024 年 5 月 8 日。] https://ir.kuaishou.com/staticfiles/10f031a2-2fec-48f3-a434-459b30f33462。</p>
<p>18. <strong>快手科技.</strong> 2022 年年度报告。[在线] [引用日期：2024 年 5 月 8 日。]</p>
<p>19. <strong>快手科技.</strong> 2023 年年度报告。[在线] [引用日期：2024 年 5 月 8 日。] https://ir.kuaishou.com/system/files-encrypted/nasdaq_kms/assets/2024/04/22/19-26-33/2023AR_EN.pdf。</p>
<p>20. <strong>虎牙科技.</strong> 2023 年年度报告。[在线] [引用日期：2024 年 5 月 8 日。] https://ir.kuaishou.com/system/files-encrypted/nasdaq_kms/assets/2024/04/22/19-26-33/2023AR_EN.pdf。</p>
<p>21. <strong>虎牙科技.</strong> 2022 年年度报告。[在线] 2022 年 4 月 26 日。[引用日期：2024 年 5 月 8 日。] https://ir.huya.com/download/HUYA+HUYA+Inc.+American+depositary+shares+each+representing+one+Class+A++20-F+2023-04-26.pdf.</p>
<p>22. <strong>虎牙科技.</strong> 2021 年年度报告。[在线] 2022 年 4 月 28 日。[引用日期：2024 年 5 月 8 日。] https://ir.huya.com/download/HUYA+HUYA+Inc.+American+depositary+shares+each+representing+one+Class+A++20-F+2022-04-28.pdf。</p>
<p>23. <strong>虎牙科技.</strong> 2020 年年度报告。[在线] 2021 年 4 月 27 日。[引用日期：2024 年 5 月 8 日。] https://ir.huya.com/download/2020+Annual+Report.pdf。</p>
<p>24. <strong>虎牙科技.</strong> 2019 年年度报告。[在线] 2020 年 4 月 27 日。[引用日期：2024 年 5 月 8 日。] https://ir.huya.com/download/HUYA+2019+Annual+Report.pdf。</p>
<p>25. <strong>虎牙科技.</strong> 2018 年年度报告。[在线] 2019 年 4 月 26 日。[引用日期：2024 年 5 月 8 日。] https://ir.huya.com/download/HUYA+2018+20-F.pdf。</p>
<p>26. <strong>Bilibili Inc.</strong> 2022 年 20-F 表年度报告。[在线] 2023 年 4 月 27 日。[引用日期：2024 年 5 月 7 日。] https://ir.bilibili.com/media/rwafkhml/annual-and-transition-report-of-foreign-private-issuerssections-13-or-15-d.pdf。</p>
<p>27. <strong>Bilibili Inc.</strong> 2021 年 20-F 表年度报告。[在线] 2022 年 4 月 25 日。[引用日期：2024 年 5 月 7 日。] https://ir.bilibili.com/media/55fpkkjg/2021-annual-report-on-form-20-f.pdf。</p>
<p>28. <strong>Bilibili Inc.</strong> 2020 年 20-F 表年度报告。[在线] 2021 年 3 月 5 日。[引用日期：2024 年 5 月 7 日。] https://ir.bilibili.com/media/4nrcmetr/annual-report-2020.pdf。</p>
<p>29. <strong>Bilibili Inc.</strong> 2019 年 20-F 表年度报告。[在线] 2020 年 3 月 27 日。[引用日期：2024 年 5 月 7 日。] https://ir.bilibili.com/media/p3fp2vga/form-20-f.pdf。</p>
<p>30. <strong>Bilibili Inc.</strong> 2018 年 20-F 表年度报告。[在线] 2019 年 3 月 29 日。[引用日期：2024 年 5 月 7 日。] https://ir.bilibili.com/media/nmim2cmb/bili-annual-report-2018.pdf。</p>
<p>31. <strong>守一.</strong> APP摇一摇广告是侵权吗？[在线] 2021年11月12日。[引用日期：2024年5月9日。] https://weibo.com/ttarticle/p/show?id=2309404702801090708331。</p>
<p>32. 中国大陆对日本动漫进口的审查。<strong>刘炯浩、杨凌。</strong> 2023 年，《变革作品和文化》，第 42 卷。</p>
<p>33. <strong>伦敦政治经济学院（LSE）.</strong> 中国打击网络盗版的斗争及其意想不到的后果。[在线] [引用日期：2024 年 5 月 9 日。] https://www.lse.ac.uk/management/research/thought-leadership/the-battle-against-online-piracy。</p>
<p>34. <strong>界面新闻.</strong> 烧了几十亿，B站游戏梦醒了。 [在线] 2022 年 11 月 30 日。[引用日期：2024 年 5 月 10 日。] https://m.jiemian.com/article/8482950.html。</p>
<p>35. <strong>Ede, M. and Dwoeman, G.</strong> 为什么设计师可能希望重新设计公司流程以获得更好的用户体验设计：案例研究。CHI EA ’16：2016 年 CHI 会议论文集，计算机系统中的人为因素扩展摘要。2016 年，第 840-848 页。</p>
<p>36. <strong>MindSea.</strong> 将旧应用程序重新设计成新应用程序需要多少钱？[在线] [引用：2024 年 5 月 11 日。] https://mindsea.com/app-redesign-cost/。</p>
<p>37. <strong>Bilibili Inc.</strong> Bilibili Inc. 2022 年年度报告。[在线] 2023 年 4 月 27 日。[引用日期：2024 年 5 月 7 日。] https://ir.bilibili.com/media/zxspr2yg/hkex-bilibili-inc-2022-annual-report.pdf。</p>
<p>38. <strong>Bilibili Inc.</strong> Bilibili Inc. 2021 年年度报告。[在线] 2022 年 4 月 25 日。[引用日期：2024 年 5 月 7 日。] https://ir.bilibili.com/media/zvblrry2/hkex-eps_20220425_10226841_0en.pdf。</p>
<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="nhs-block-anchor-6">附录A – 缩写</h2>
<figure class="wp-block-table is-style-nhsuk-table-responsive"><table><tbody><tr><td>ACG(N)</td><td>动漫、漫画、游戏、（轻小说）。这是源自日本的文化和媒体混合的高度抽象术语。以下是谷歌广告中表达的文化趋势的总结：<a href="https://8620.uk/hjcupi~">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MGt25mv4-2Q</a></td></tr><tr><td>UGC</td><td>用户生成内容</td></tr><tr><td>MAU</td><td>月活跃用户数：一个月内用户总数的平均数</td></tr><tr><td>IP</td><td>知识产权</td></tr><tr><td>OGV</td><td>职业视频：由特定行业（如娱乐、新闻或教育）的专业人士制作的视频内容。与 UGC 中的视频相反。</td></tr><tr><td>PRC</td><td>中华人民共和国：仅就本报告的目的而言，除非上下文另有要求，对中国或中华人民共和国的提及不包括香港、中华人民共和国澳门特别行政区和台湾。</td></tr><tr><td>总花费时间</td><td>总使用时长代表用户在特定时间段内在我们的移动应用上花费的总时间，其等于每个活跃用户在移动应用上花费的平均每日时间乘以 DAU，再乘以该时间段的天数（“Bilibili Inc. 宣布 2023 年第三季度财务业绩”）</td></tr><tr><td>净利</td><td>总收入，加上：净利息支出、其他非营业支出及少数股东损益总额，减去：营业成本、其他营业支出及所得税支出。</td></tr><tr><td>ROCE</td><td>资本使用回报率：税前利润与资本使用量的比率。</td></tr><tr><td>HKEX</td><td>香港证券交易所</td></tr><tr><td>CCTV</td><td>中国中央电视台：中国国营国家电视台。</td></tr><tr><td>UX</td><td>用户体验：计算机科学的分支。</td></tr><tr><td>NASDAQ</td><td>纳斯达克股票市场</td></tr><tr><td>IPO</td><td>首次公开募股</td></tr></tbody></table></figure>
]]></content:encoded>
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<slash:comments>4</slash:comments>
</item><item>
<title>冷静下来，是时候偿还我们的技术债了。</title>
<link>https://chise.hachiroku.uk/zh/opinion/calm-down-its-time-to-pay-our-technological-debts/</link>
<comments>https://chise.hachiroku.uk/zh/opinion/calm-down-its-time-to-pay-our-technological-debts/#respond</comments>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[Chise Hachiroku]]></dc:creator>
<pubDate>Sun, 03 Mar 2024 02:58:00 +0000</pubDate>
<category><![CDATA[日志观点]]></category>
<category><![CDATA[思考]]></category>
<category><![CDATA[技术债]]></category>
<category><![CDATA[科技]]></category>
<category><![CDATA[负责任的IT]]></category>
<guid isPermaLink="false">https://chise.hachiroku.uk/?p=4306</guid>
<description><![CDATA[我们建设数字基础设施太不负责任了。现在
我们必须为此付出代价。]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[
<p>如果我们建造建筑物、桥梁和道路的方式与建造数字基础设施的方式相同，那么人类可能早就从地球上消失了。我是认真的。</p>
<p>尽管人们普遍认为编码技能应该传授给每一个人，但这却导致参与数字世界建设的人员参差不齐。过去十年来，我们一直在观察信息和通信技术领域的人员短缺问题，甚至在英国这样的国家，政府仍然认为专业人员相当缺乏。</p>
<p>这项工作必须有人来做，而且考虑到数字化转型的压力，必须尽快完成。这就意味着公司可能会招聘任何人才，而且通常会以具有竞争力的薪资来防止其他人抢走。这吸引了很多人进入这一领域，毫无疑问，在金钱的激励下，这也意味着在全球部署的无数系统的构建过程中，会引入能力参差不齐的人才。</p>
<p>然而，社会却未能建立起一个既实用又有效的可信系统来对参与个人进行认证，也未能就如何构建软件和硬件达成共识，这与建筑行业有着本质区别。更不用说个人可能有资格承担的责任–不幸的是，几乎没有。</p>
<p>随着我们越来越频繁地面临软件不完善带来的问题，例如网络攻击和技术故障，现在是时候反思一下，我们应该如何稳定构建IT 系统的方式，并使其更加可靠。我并不认为编写内存安全的代码是正确的做法–这对那些不了解基本原理的人或编写简单应用程序的人来说不会有什么大的影响。</p>
<p>我们必须认识到，只有那些具有良好理解力和实践能力的人才有资格获得构建数字系统所需的技术的时代已经一去不复返了，我们应该为此感到自豪，但事实上，不同程度的技能可能会危及我们在迫切需要时构建可靠系统的能力。</p>
<p>当许多旧程序逐渐变得无法维护时，我认为我们应该让我们仍然拥有的专业人员用现代标准对这些代码做出反应，如果可能的话，在重写的同时将应用程序通用化，让周围更多的人可以使用稳定的代码。</p>
<p>我们还需要评估和减轻代码引用的影响，有缺陷的代码或不可靠的修改可能会传播开来，在某些情况下会产生广泛的影响。未来如何减轻这种影响还有待观察，但有可能需要商业或付费服务的参与和创建来实现这一点。</p>
<p>好消息之一是人工智能辅助工具的发展–这一工具在向普通大众传授基本技能的同时，还能让优秀人才取得更多成就，但它是否正在创造更多的技术垄断或技术寡头，以及此类技术的精确度是否会进一步提高，还有待观察。</p>
]]></content:encoded>
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<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
</item><item>
<title>崇武宾馆，未知的享受</title>
<link>https://chise.hachiroku.uk/zh/gallery/chong-wu/</link>
<comments>https://chise.hachiroku.uk/zh/gallery/chong-wu/#respond</comments>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[Chise Hachiroku]]></dc:creator>
<pubDate>Mon, 05 Feb 2024 03:26:29 +0000</pubDate>
<category><![CDATA[我的小小相簿]]></category>
<category><![CDATA[中国]]></category>
<category><![CDATA[宾馆]]></category>
<category><![CDATA[旅行]]></category>
<category><![CDATA[风景]]></category>
<guid isPermaLink="false">https://chise.hachiroku.uk/?p=4311</guid>
<description><![CDATA[昂贵的风景，谁来欣赏？]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>崇武宾馆位于一个发展成熟但鲜为人知的城市，地理位置奇特，紧邻交通要道，直通主干道，与跨市高架机动车道紧密相连。无论住宿、菜肴还是自助餐，它向游客收取的价格都是周围地方的两到四倍。</p>
<p>这篇文章展示了这家酒店的夜景–它的建筑、设计、人工湖和一些设施。您可能会将这座酒店与虚构的现代日本贵族家庭或新兴的欧洲财阀中才能想象到的奢华联系起来。当然，问题也随之而来：为什么要建造这座酒店？</p>
<p>这个故事可以追溯到官僚主义、政治作秀和不正当的谄媚……</p>
<figure class="wp-block-gallery alignwide has-nested-images columns-2 is-cropped wp-block-gallery-17 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex"><figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><a href="https://chise.hachiroku.uk/20230911_200149/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" data-id="2304" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/20230911_200149-1024x768.png" alt="" class="wp-image-2304" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/20230911_200149-1024x768.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/20230911_200149-300x225.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/20230911_200149-768x576.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/20230911_200149-1536x1152.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/20230911_200149-2048x1536.png 2048w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/20230911_200149-16x12.png 16w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/20230911_200149-1568x1176.png 1568w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></a></figure>
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</figure>
<p>官员们想要讨好的那个人最终没有到达–事实上，他们几乎走遍了所有的连接城市，几乎是有意地跳过了这个城市。有传言说，这家酒店是导致项目未能通过的主要原因之一。然而，在一切都建成之后，现在该市只能试图在不产生太多赤字的情况下维持其运行–但这种情况还能持续多久呢？</p>
]]></content:encoded>
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</item><item>
<title>博弈论的残酷现实</title>
<link>https://chise.hachiroku.uk/zh/journal/intro-game-theory/</link>
<comments>https://chise.hachiroku.uk/zh/journal/intro-game-theory/#respond</comments>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[Chise Hachiroku]]></dc:creator>
<pubDate>Fri, 26 Jan 2024 16:34:00 +0000</pubDate>
<category><![CDATA[日志文章]]></category>
<category><![CDATA[博弈论]]></category>
<category><![CDATA[思考]]></category>
<category><![CDATA[算法]]></category>
<guid isPermaLink="false">https://chise.hachiroku.uk/?p=4359</guid>
<description><![CDATA[博弈论冷静而理性。这就是为什么它有效和无效时都是残酷的。]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[
<div class="wp-block-nhsblocks-quote1 nhsuk-inset-text is-style-standard"><span class="nhsuk-u-visually-hidden">Quote / Testimonial: </span><div class="nhsuk-inset-text__quote"><strong>博弈（在博弈论的背景下）：</strong> <br/>一个策略与其他策略交互，以获得最佳回报。</div><span class="nhsuk-inset-text__quote-attribution">不是那些创造快乐的电子游戏。<br>博弈论是很残忍的一门学问。</span></div>
<p>博弈论就像策略手册。这是一种思考人、企业和计算机在相互竞争和对抗时如何做出决策的方法。它在经济学和计算机科学等领域被广泛使用。在现代背景下，它被用来研究各种情况下的决策，例如与一些最好的人类棋手下棋。</p>
<p>听起来又酷又豪华，对吧？看完这篇文章再想一想。</p>
<p>作为数学和科学研究的一个分支，博弈论假设游戏中的所有玩家都在理性地对抗其他策略。这意味着——每个人都在相互竞争以获得最好的回报，用收益减去损失来表示。因为它是基于对手理性打牌的假设，所以他们也会尝试做同样的事情。</p>
<p>对于任何存在的任意博弈，如果我们的利益与特定一方不一致，那么从理论上讲，他们不应该采取对我们有利的行动。在零和、两人游戏的情况下，我们的任何收益都意味着对手的同等价值损失。所以在这样的背景和基础下，我们现在可以引入基础算法之一——极小极大（minimax）。</p>
<p>极小极大是一种通过分别代表所有玩家进行评估来选择当前最佳选项的方法，即为自己选择最好的收益。它的名字来源于它在处理零和两人博弈时的行为，其中代表我们的节点为我们选择最好的选项，而代表对手的节点为我们选择最差的选项（相当于对他们来说最好的选项）。</p>
<p>下面是极小极大算法的示例，其中方形节点代表最大化步骤（我们的移动），圆形节点代表最小化步骤（对手的移动）。你可以看到节点如何代表各自的位置选择其值，以及它们如何贪婪地争夺自己的利益。</p>
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<p>我们可以从上面的树中观察到，当对手也理性地玩时，如果我们不想让我们的收益变得更糟，我们一定不会选择包含最佳收益的选项。如果这是一个完整的博弈树，枚举了所有合法的动作、结果和收益，那么这棵树就揭示了负收益的命运——或者用博弈论的术语来说，就是输掉游戏。因为没有机会，我们本质上是在努力平衡自己的需求和对手的需求，换句话说，在防御对手的同时争取自己的利润。</p>
<p>就结果而言，极小极大算法正在寻求一种平衡，即一组行动序列，满足：当这个序列中的第一个行动启动后，任何一方都没有动机偏离。同样，由于各方都在理性地博弈，没有激励就意味着不继续博弈会导致收益减少，或者完全输掉游戏。</p>
<p>这棵树在博弈中还表现出了另一个特点——一步走错可能会付出高昂的代价，因为理性的对手不会给贪婪留下任何机会。如果我们从对方的角度考虑根的最左边的子节点（对我们来说评估为-3），虽然对手一定会赢，但如果他们错误地选择了另一个选项作为他们的预期13收益，他们就会至少会丢掉4分，最有可能丢掉10分。我们还可以发现，如果我们理性地玩，对手将没有机会挽回。</p>
<p>总而言之，在博弈论下，玩家总是作出理性选择时：</p>
<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>需要通过平衡进攻和防御需求来选择行动。</li>
<li>没有贪婪的余地。此类行为可能会导致无法挽回的更糟糕的结果。</li>
</ul>
<p>上述属性在一个著名的例子——囚徒困境中得到了体现。假设两个坏人集体做了一些严重的坏事，个人犯罪者将被判处 10 年有期徒刑，而同一行为的一群犯罪者将被判处 5 年徒刑。这两个坏人现在因轻微犯罪（比如说“造成公共滋扰”）而被关进警察局。他们并不清楚警察抓到了他们的什么，但警察认为他们有大案子，所以他们把他们安置在不同的房间里，试图让一两个人招供。两名犯罪者的收益根据他们的选择分配如下：</p>
<figure class="wp-block-table is-style-nhsuk-table-responsive"><table><tbody><tr><td class="has-text-align-center" data-align="center"></td><td class="has-text-align-center" data-align="center"><strong>乙不招</strong></td><td class="has-text-align-center" data-align="center"><strong>乙招了</strong></td></tr><tr><td class="has-text-align-center" data-align="center"><strong>甲不招</strong></td><td class="has-text-align-center" data-align="center">甲和乙都收到了司法行为令。<br>他们收到了两张纸。<br><strong><em>(-0.1, -0.1)</em></strong></td><td class="has-text-align-center" data-align="center">甲被判处 10 年监禁。<br>乙背叛了甲，获得自由。<br><strong><em>(-10, 0)</em></strong></td></tr><tr><td class="has-text-align-center" data-align="center"><strong>甲招了</strong></td><td class="has-text-align-center" data-align="center">乙被判处 10 年监禁。<br>甲背叛了乙，获得自由。<br><strong><em>(-10, 0)</em></strong></td><td class="has-text-align-center" data-align="center">甲乙均被判处5年有期徒刑。<br>双输。正义得到了伸张。<br><strong><em>(-5, -5)</em></strong></td></tr></tbody></table></figure>
<p>很明显，因为不招的成本很低，所以对他们来说，集体最优的选择就是抵制住猪排饭的诱惑，保持沉默。<sup><a href="#ft_1">[1]</a></sup> 然而，虽然他们约定在这种情况发生时都不招供，但他们不知道对方是否会被这顿豪华大餐所感动，并编出一个故事，说他们的前战友是他们一起做过的所有肮脏事情的唯一罪人，并愿意作为证人出庭。因此，不幸的是，这里唯一的平衡是他们双方互相作证，尽管保持沉默的成本只有很小的 0.1。</p>
<p>这就是为什么我说博弈论是残酷的，它太理性、太冷酷，在某些情况下可能会导致一些最糟糕的结果。例如，在上面的例子中，两人将成为对方的叛徒，并可能从此成为宿敌。然而，从更大的利益角度来看，我们其实很乐意看到他们两人都被定罪，因为这是唯一他们两人都伏法的结果。</p>
<p>博弈论的另一个残酷之处是，即使在它被认为适用的领域，有时它也不能反映现实生活中事物的运作方式。</p>
<p>博弈论的计算基于假设各方都按照已知规则进行游戏，因此如果有未知的参与者参与，例如“几率”或未知的影响因子，它建议的路径可能会立即无效。此外，根据我们上面讨论的内容，在这种情况下遵循这些途径可能会变得非常危险。</p>
<p>这些外部影响的例子在我们的日常生活中很常见——比如单方面作弊、根据游戏之外的因素而不同的规则应用、或者使用不绅士的行为。这种情况并不罕见——我们看到人们使用遥控振动工具（肛珠）并取得了象棋比赛的成功，政府滥用行政权力为当地企业提供不公平的优势，或者黑手党向某人提供“不可拒绝的报价”。</p>
<p>详细了解这些因素的所有可能性或其影响是不可取的。但简而言之，博弈论代表了理性主义的方法论，但当它不起作用时，它往往便会揭示社会的现实性和不公平性。除非这个世界如想象中那么完美，否则他们都不会改变。</p>
<p class="has-small-font-size" id="ft_1">[1]: 这是日本警匪片中的一种情节：嫌疑人吃过大麦炸猪排盖浇饭后，被问到“你有没有想过你妈妈对此有何感受？”时，他们会含着眼泪说出真相。即使到了<br>现在，“审讯时一定要吃大麦炸猪排盖浇饭”的梗在日本电影中仍然很流行。然而，自 2019 年以来，警察在审讯期间永远不会真正给嫌疑人喂食。</p>
]]></content:encoded>
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</item><item>
<title>英国在线扑克过去、现在和未来的浅析</title>
<link>https://chise.hachiroku.uk/zh/journal/uk-online-poker/</link>
<comments>https://chise.hachiroku.uk/zh/journal/uk-online-poker/#respond</comments>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[Chise Hachiroku]]></dc:creator>
<pubDate>Tue, 23 Jan 2024 23:56:00 +0000</pubDate>
<category><![CDATA[日志文章]]></category>
<category><![CDATA[COVID-19]]></category>
<category><![CDATA[在线游戏]]></category>
<category><![CDATA[电子商务]]></category>
<category><![CDATA[英国]]></category>
<category><![CDATA[赌博]]></category>
<guid isPermaLink="false">https://chise.hachiroku.uk/?p=4361</guid>
<description><![CDATA[尽管大盘前景稳定增长，但预测这个市场短期内将萎缩。]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[
<h2 class="wp-block-heading">概要</h2>
<p>该报告对英国在线扑克行业进行了粗略分析，并预测尽管整个在线博彩市场前景稳定，但英国在线扑克市场将在未来两到三年内萎缩。</p>
<p>本报告利用多个可信数据源，分析了过去9年消费者行为和人口趋势的影响因素，并通过过去3年的月度商业数据分析了市场趋势。</p>
<p>主要发现包括人们对在线扑克参与的兴趣下降，并且目前正在形成一个年轻的赌博社区。报告调查了电子游戏中涉及机会的游戏玩法对赌博业的影响，认为这是导致赌徒兴趣下降和年轻化的原因。</p>
<p>报告还评估了英国议会和英国政府（HMG）最近的声明和调查结果，得出的结论是，由于社会责任担忧以及对战利品盒和视频游戏中其他机会游戏的进一步监管，在线扑克和整个在线赌博市场可能会受到影响。</p>
<p>报告通过调查结果得出结论，有兴趣进入在线扑克市场的公司应谨慎行事，并建议在线老虎机等替代品可能是值得进一步研究的替代品。报告还提到，未涵盖的技术因素可能会根据具体情况改变结果。</p>
<h2 class="wp-block-heading">简介</h2>
<p>随着我们进入数字时代，赌博也进入了互联网时代，并且已经成为许多希望进入博彩公司的赌徒的一种选择。截至 2022 财年（FYE），整个在线赌博行业的赌博总收益（GGY）预计为 69 亿英镑，尽管 2022 财年略有下降，但预计未来 2-3 年规模将略有增加。</p>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-full"><img decoding="async" width="942" height="429" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/image-0.png" alt="" class="wp-image-2881" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/image-0.png 942w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/image-0-300x137.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/image-0-768x350.png 768w" sizes="(max-width: 942px) 100vw, 942px" /></figure>
<p>扑克一直是最成熟的投注形式之一，在线扑克曾经是最受欢迎的在线游戏之一。目前，2022 财年在线扑克投注的GGY 估计为 8954 万英镑。虽然这个市场的GGY并没有减少，但我估计这个市场在未来几年将继续呈萎缩的趋势。</p>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-full"><img decoding="async" width="942" height="431" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/image-1.png" alt="" class="wp-image-2882" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/image-1.png 942w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/image-1-300x137.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/image-1-768x351.png 768w" sizes="(max-width: 942px) 100vw, 942px" /></figure>
<p>2021 财年，与 COVID-19 相关的所有在线赌博活动均出现激增。然而，这只是一个孤立的短暂事件。<a href="#_ftn1" id="_ftnref1"><sup>[1]</sup></a></p>
<p>尽管英国有超过 1000 个获得许可的活跃赌博网站，由 477 个许可证持有者建立，但粗略估计提供扑克的网站只有几十个。<a href="#_ftn2" id="_ftnref2"><sup>[2]</sup></a></p>
<p>目前，英国在线博彩市场的主要参与者包括 <em>bet365</em>, <em>PaddyPower</em>, <em>Sky Bet</em>, <em>Betfred</em>, 和 <em>888</em>。他们之中，PaddyPower 和 Betfred 是在当地拥有强大影响力的大型博彩公司，并且 <em>Sky</em> 是一家领先的电视和娱乐公司。</p>
<h2 class="wp-block-heading">社会文化趋势（消费者行为）</h2>
<p>我分析了 2014 年至 2023 年对英国居民进行的调查结果，特别是与在线扑克相关的结果。结果显示，在线扑克的参与率呈强烈下降趋势。</p>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-full"><img decoding="async" width="940" height="445" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/image-2.png" alt="" class="wp-image-2883" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/image-2.png 940w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/image-2-300x142.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/image-2-768x364.png 768w" sizes="(max-width: 940px) 100vw, 940px" /></figure>
<p>数据还显示，从FYE2014到FYE2015急剧下降，然后从FYE2015到2020每两年减半，然后保持相对稳定，直到FYE2023。可以肯定的是，在线扑克的参与率并没有出现明显的增长趋势，而从 2014 财年到 2020 财年却出现了相当显着的下降。数据还表明总体参与率前景稳定且下降，扑克参与月度数据也支持了这一点：</p>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-full"><img decoding="async" width="942" height="613" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/image-3.png" alt="" class="wp-image-2884" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/image-3.png 942w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/image-3-300x195.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/image-3-768x500.png 768w" sizes="(max-width: 942px) 100vw, 942px" /></figure>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-full"><img decoding="async" width="942" height="646" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/image-4.png" alt="" class="wp-image-2885" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/image-4.png 942w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/image-4-300x206.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/image-4-768x527.png 768w" sizes="(max-width: 942px) 100vw, 942px" /></figure>
<p>对历史逐年数据的进一步研究揭示了在线扑克参与者年龄组的人口统计变化。近年来，尽管英国人口的兴趣总体下降，但 24 岁以下的年轻人对在线扑克的兴趣似乎越来越大。它还表明，老年人对在线扑克的兴趣往往明显较低，并且参与率最低。</p>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-full"><img decoding="async" width="942" height="377" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/image-5.png" alt="" class="wp-image-2886" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/image-5.png 942w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/image-5-300x120.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/image-5-768x307.png 768w" sizes="(max-width: 942px) 100vw, 942px" /></figure>
<p>在线扑克赌博社区年轻化的令人担忧的趋势可能会引起对社会责任和服务提供商从玩家那里获取利润的能力的担忧。我们将讨论社会责任问题和法律因素; GGY 和玩家数量的最新数据已经显示，扑克桌提供商可以从每个玩家身上获得的利润呈稳步下降趋势：</p>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-full"><img decoding="async" width="942" height="552" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/image-6.png" alt="" class="wp-image-2887" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/image-6.png 942w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/image-6-300x176.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/image-6-768x450.png 768w" sizes="(max-width: 942px) 100vw, 942px" /></figure>
<p>在调查中，我发现年轻人赌博活动的异常增加并不完全合理，而近年来老虎机参与度的稳步增加有些奇怪，可能需要进一步研究。事实证明，在线老虎机参与的年龄组分布在所有可用年龄组中都具有非常相似的趋势：</p>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-full"><img decoding="async" width="942" height="424" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/image-7.png" alt="" class="wp-image-2888" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/image-7.png 942w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/image-7-300x135.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/image-7-768x346.png 768w" sizes="(max-width: 942px) 100vw, 942px" /></figure>
<p>进一步阅读英国政府 (HMG) 报告发现存在 “战利品箱” 和 “扭蛋池” 这些吸引了儿童和年轻人的游戏机制。</p>
<p>战利品箱非常像老虎机，可以被认为是一种机会游戏。玩家获得这些盒子为了换取金钱，由于使用这些盒子而释放的物品在法律上有问题的交易平台上具有货币价值。扭蛋池作为一种劣质变体，要求用户通过从池中拉出随机物品来获取角色和资源，但物品通常不可交易。</p>
<p>两者都可能降低受监管商业赌博的参与率，但也可以被视为对年轻人和青少年的介绍，作为他们的指南。类似形式的扑克游戏已经出现，特别是针对儿童，并且几年前就已经引起了赌博专家的兴趣。</p>
<p>我预计年轻人对在线扑克和在线老虎机的参与率较高可能是由于战利品盒和类似的不受监管的机会视频游戏的潜在游戏的引入的结果。然而，它们的存在也是减少在线参与的一个重要因素，因为由于缺乏年龄要求和游戏的连续性，金钱和注意力都集中在这些平台上，而不是受监管的赌博上。</p>
<h2 class="wp-block-heading">法律因素（监管和预防犯罪）</h2>
<p>社会文化趋势中总结的最新人口数据显示，英国社会的年龄越小，参与率越高。HMG 2018 年和 2019 年针对11-16 岁青少年的报告发现，该群体中的 14% 和 11% 参与了任何类型的在线赌博，尽管法律禁止他们赌博。</p>
<p>对未成年人赌博的社会责任担忧可能会导致实施更严格的法律和法规，并且三年前就已经提出了建议，并且很可能会得到实施。</p>
<p>目前，赌博委员会要求所有经营者了解他们的客户。然而，参与者可能会使用父母或祖父母的信息细节和资金来玩游戏，在这种情况下，如果服务提供商未能采取适当的行动，他们可能会受到监管行动。</p>
<p>众所周知，线上和线下赌场都可能容易被洗钱犯罪分子利用。预防洗钱是在线扑克提供商作为赌场的一项法律义务，之前的疏忽已导致监管部门采取巨额罚款等行动。预计此类法规在未来几年内不会放松，并且对于新的提供商来说可能会面临挑战。</p>
<p>战利品箱问题引起了英国皇家政府高级官员的关注，其中包括上议院和儿童事务专员，一些人要求立即采取行动。如果将战利品盒和扭蛋游戏也作为赌博或以类似的方式进行监管，那么随着其他年龄段的赌徒不再玩游戏并且没有新鲜感，在线赌博的新玩家（特别是对于年轻年龄段的人）将显着减少。</p>
<h2 class="wp-block-heading">结论与总结</h2>
<p>基于以下观察，我建议新成立的公司在在线扑克业务之前要极其谨慎：</p>
<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>自大流行以来，与大流行前的数据相比，扑克和在线投注的玩家数量和GGY 一直在下降。玩家增加、GGY、赌注暂时波动。</li>
<li>疫情过后，在线扑克GGY经历了大幅下滑，预计短期内不会恢复。</li>
<li>在线扑克玩家的人口统计数据显示，玩家群体年轻化，中年玩家逐渐退出扑克。</li>
<li>不受监管的战利品盒和扑克视频游戏可能会吸引用户远离商业赌博。</li>
<li>社会责任问题可能会引起更严格的法律法规。</li>
<li>年轻化的参与趋势可能会导致缺乏未成年人验证的风险并带来监管行动。</li>
<li>在线扑克可能容易被非法活动所利用，例如洗钱、不良预防等监管行动。</li>
<li>对战利品箱的监管可能会导致未来玩家的减少。</li>
</ul>
<p>然而，对于目前对在线扑克感兴趣的初创企业来说，可能值得考虑进行进一步的研究和评估，以参与和投资在线赌场服务有争议的增长领域，例如不受其他类型在线游戏经历的下降影响的老虎机赌博：</p>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-full"><img decoding="async" width="942" height="432" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/image-8.png" alt="" class="wp-image-2889" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/image-8.png 942w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/image-8-300x138.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/image-8-768x352.png 768w" sizes="(max-width: 942px) 100vw, 942px" /></figure>
<p>尽管如此，由于技术部门没有按要求进行评估，拥有领先或突破性技术的公司有可能进入在线扑克行业并保持<br>盈利，但应根据具体情况进行考虑。</p>
<h2 class="wp-block-heading">参考文献</h2>
<p>ABC PREMIUM NEWS. 2013. <em>App ‘grooming’ children to gamble; Gambling experts have joined calls to ban an online pokie-style game available to children that requires users to spend real money.The game and others like it can also be accessed as mobile phone apps but are currently e</em>. [online].</p>
<p>BELGIAN GAMING COMMISSION. <em>Belgian Gaming Commission rules after analysis: “Paying loot boxes are games of chance”</em>. [online]. Available from World Wide Web: <<a href="https://www.gamingcommission.be/opencms/opencms/jhksweb_en/gamingcommission/news/news_0061.html%20via%20Internet%20Archive">https://www.gamingcommission.be/opencms/opencms/jhksweb_en/gamingcommission/news/news_0061.html via Internet Archive</a>></p>
<p>GAMBLING COMMISSION (UK GOVERNMENT). 2022. <em>£9.4m fine for online operator 888</em>. [online]. Available from World Wide Web: <<a href="https://www.gamblingcommission.gov.uk/news/article/gbp9-4m-fine-for-online-operator-888">https://www.gamblingcommission.gov.uk/news/article/gbp9-4m-fine-for-online-operator-888</a>></p>
<p>GAMBLING COMMISSION (UK GOVERNMENT). 2022. <em>Industry Statistics – July 2022 – Revision</em>. [online]. Available from World Wide Web: <<a href="https://assets.ctfassets.net/j16ev64qyf6l/7BTu3TYDfDAOyov3XwUase/6e238e81b3be5dba0f2e7757ab70087b/Industry_Statistics_-_July_2022_Revision.xlsx">https://assets.ctfassets.net/j16ev64qyf6l/7BTu3TYDfDAOyov3XwUase/6e238e81b3be5dba0f2e7757ab70087b/Industry_Statistics_-_July_2022_Revision.xlsx</a>></p>
<p>GAMBLING COMMISSION (UK GOVERNMENT). 2023. <em>Gambling business data on gambling to June 2023 (published August 2023)</em>. [online].</p>
<p>GAMBLING COMMISSION (UK GOVERNMENT). 2023. <em>Register of gambling businesses</em>. [online]. Available from World Wide Web: <<a href="https://www.gamblingcommission.gov.uk/public-register/businesses">https://www.gamblingcommission.gov.uk/public-register/businesses</a>></p>
<p>GAMBLING COMMISSION (UK GOVERNMENT). <em>Customer Identity Verification</em>. [online]. Available from World Wide Web: <<a href="https://www.gamblingcommission.gov.uk/licensees-and-businesses/lccp/condition/17-1-1-customer-identity-verification">https://www.gamblingcommission.gov.uk/licensees-and-businesses/lccp/condition/17-1-1-customer-identity-verification</a>></p>
<p>SELECT COMMITTEE ON THE SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC IMPACT OF THE GAMBLING INDUSTRY. 2020. <em>Corrected oral evidence: Social and Economic Impact of the Gambling Industry</em>. London: House of Lords.</p>
<p>SELECT COMMITTEE ON THE SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC IMPACT OF THE GAMBLING INDUSTRY. 2020. <em>Gambling Harm—Time for Action</em>. London: UK House of Lords.</p>
<p>UK LEGISLATION. 2017. <em>The Money Laundering, Terrorist Financing and Transfer of Funds (Information on the Payer) Regulations 2017</em>. [online]. Available from World Wide Web: <<a href="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2017/692/contents/made">https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2017/692/contents/made</a>></p>
<p>UNITED NATIONS. <em>Money laundering methods</em>. [online]. Available from World Wide Web: <<a href="https://syntheticdrugs.unodc.org/syntheticdrugs/en/cybercrime/launderingproceeds/methods.html">https://syntheticdrugs.unodc.org/syntheticdrugs/en/cybercrime/launderingproceeds/methods.html</a>></p>
<p>WALMSLEY, David. 2014. <em>Online Gaming and Betting – UK – October 2014</em>. London: Mintel.</p>
<p>WALMSLEY, David. 2015. <em>Online Gaming and Betting – UK – November 2015</em>. London: Mintel.</p>
<p>WALMSLEY, David. 2016. <em>Online Gaming and Betting – UK – November 2016</em>. London: Mintel.</p>
<p>WALMSLEY, David. 2017. <em>Online Gaming and Betting – UK – December 2017</em>. London: Mintel.</p>
<p>WALMSLEY, David. 2020. <em>Gambling Review: Inc Impact of COVID-19 – UK – June 2020</em>. London: Mintel.</p>
<p>WALMSLEY, David. 2022. <em>Gambling Trends – UK – 2022</em>. London: Mintel.</p>
<p>WALMSLEY, David. 2023. <em>Gambling Trends – UK – 2023</em>. London: Mintel.</p>
<p>ZABOROWSKI, George. 2019. <em>Online Gaming and Betting – UK – December 2019</em>. London: Mintel.<strong><br></strong><br></p>
<hr class="wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity"/>
<p><a href="#_ftnref1" id="_ftn1">[1]</a> 无法找到 2021 财年在线赌博的社会文化和人口统计数据（2021 年数据）。前几年的报告并没有显示出增加的趋势。详情见 <em>社会文化趋势</em> 部分。</p>
<p><a href="#_ftnref2" id="_ftn2">[2]</a> 就域名而言。一份许可证可以注册多个域。通过过滤域中的“扑克”进行估计，产生了 32 个包含重复项的结果。</p>
]]></content:encoded>
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</item><item>
<title>产品评测：Sony® Walkman™ NW-A306/MK（日本版）</title>
<link>https://chise.hachiroku.uk/zh/essay/product-review-sony-walkman-nw-a306-mk-japan-version/</link>
<comments>https://chise.hachiroku.uk/zh/essay/product-review-sony-walkman-nw-a306-mk-japan-version/#respond</comments>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[Chise Hachiroku]]></dc:creator>
<pubDate>Wed, 10 Jan 2024 01:22:00 +0000</pubDate>
<category><![CDATA[生活随笔]]></category>
<category><![CDATA[Hi-Fi]]></category>
<category><![CDATA[Walkman]]></category>
<category><![CDATA[产品评测]]></category>
<category><![CDATA[索尼]]></category>
<guid isPermaLink="false">https://chise.hachiroku.uk/?p=4350</guid>
<description><![CDATA[小巧而强大，现代音乐播放器。]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[
<p>为了升级音频体验，同时由于我的DAC（iBasso® DC-03）和耳机（AKG® K712 Pro）都已逐渐不能正常工作，我决定将耳机换成拜亚动力® DT 990 Pro X，将 DAC 换成 DAP，即本次评测的产品索尼® NW-A306/MK。</p>
<h4 class="wp-block-heading">关于版本</h4>
<p>该产品有多个版本，按地区销售。通过我购买前的调查，在香港、日本（包括索尼海外型号）和东南亚销售的产品能够驱动阻抗较高的耳机（约达 90 欧姆，62欧姆的耳机在音量为 82/120 时工作正常）。</p>
<p>根据信息表，在北美、欧洲和新加坡销售的产品似乎功率较低，可能不足以驱动难以推动的耳机。索尼在这些地区的网站上标注的最大功率输出为 0.4-1.1mW (32Ω)，而不是 35mW+35mW。</p>
<p>我不知道这是否是以半硬件方式实现的，因为有信息称索尼称之为S-Master HX 的 D 类放大器是在 FPGA 上实现的（这就解释了为什么他们可以通过OTA 更新来修复音频问题），使得输出在那里受到了限制。</p>
<p>NW-A306的所有版本都没有传闻中的 “高增益” 功能。我拿到的这款产品是一款刻有初音未来（Hatsune Miku®）合作图案的定制产品，因此有时也将其称为 NW-A306/MK。这款产品的背面刻有初音未来的头像，并配有定制的人造皮革外壳。</p>
<h4 class="wp-block-heading">尺寸和第一印象</h4>
<div class="wp-block-image is-style-nhsuk-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-full"><img decoding="async" width="750" height="1000" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/20240110_145014.png" alt="" class="wp-image-2906" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/20240110_145014.png 750w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/20240110_145014-225x300.png 225w" sizes="(max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px" /></figure></div>
<p>播放器的包装盒大小与其官方保护盒*相仿，但由于内附文件，其 “臃肿率” 要高于许多现代智能手机。外包装采用单色简约风格，标明了其品牌和制造商，以及对LDAC 的支持和高保真音频的认证。</p>
<p>包装侧面的图标显示了其无线高保真音频认证、采用索尼DSEE Ultimate 和 S-Master HX 技术以及使用 Wi-Fi 和蓝牙。背面包括一些规格、产品产地和型号：YY1301B1。三面贴纸显示了其颜色和存储容量。</p>
<p>打开包装盒，拉出内盒，就能看到用纸包着的播放器。乍一看，它很小。真的很小。如果说这是一款手机，那么它的大小可以与十年前的中端手机或面向K12 的机型（如软银儿童手机系列）相媲美。</p>
<p>然而，它的制造质量却丝毫不亚于一款采用光滑金属边框和玻璃背板的超高端智能手机。设备右侧还有 5 个功能按钮、一个按住开关和一个电源按钮，在不需要使用屏幕时非常有用。此外，它还有一个拉绳的连接位置。</p>
<p>我的设备是全新的，但只是良好等级的状态，玻璃上有轻微的划痕，可能是雕刻过程造成的，贴上屏幕保护膜后就不明显了，液晶屏点亮时也有一个小的纯蓝色光点，但都很难察觉，不影响日常使用。由于内部和边框没有损坏，我决定接受这两点。</p>
<p>播放器下层有一个USB 2.0 A 转 C 数据线接口，可用于为播放器本身充电，或连接电脑进行数据传输，或将播放器用作USB-DAC 使用，但不能同时使用。</p>
<p>*索尼品牌的保护套，即 CKS-NWA300 和 CKM-NWA300。很快就会出现一个反例。</p>
<h4 class="wp-block-heading">协作与固件</h4>
<div class="wp-block-image is-style-nhsuk-image">
<figure class="aligncenter"><img decoding="async" width="750" height="1000" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/20240110_145230.png" alt="" class="wp-image-192" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/20240110_145230.png 750w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/20240110_145230-225x300.png 225w" sizes="(max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px" /></figure></div>
<p>我不得不抱怨，这次的合作有些薄弱。如前所述，硬件方面只提供了雕刻和定制保护套。软件方面似乎也没有明显的区别，只有两张低分辨率的背景图片。</p>
<p>雕刻做得非常好，比我以前见过的任何服务都要好得多，至少不比苹果的同类服务差，而且苹果的同类服务最多只能覆盖较小的区域。定制保护套是一个翻盖式保护套，连接处在上部较短的一侧，正面有另一个 16 周年的初音未来图案和标志，非常精致。保护套上标有 “musashino label”，仅在包装上有所体现。</p>
<div class="wp-block-image is-style-nhsuk-image">
<figure class="aligncenter"><img decoding="async" width="750" height="1000" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/20240108_1505301.png" alt="" class="wp-image-194" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/20240108_1505301.png 750w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/20240108_1505301-225x300.png 225w" sizes="(max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px" /></figure></div>
<p>系统颜色是初音未来的葱色的，但系统的总体色彩风格须归功于Material Me 从背景图片中提取颜色的能力。该系统基本上是一个略加修改的AOSP（版本 12，可升级至 13）。系统支持有限的语言范围，包括日语（默认）、英语（美国）、中文（简体和繁体）、韩语、法语、西班牙语和俄语。</p>
<p>该启动器是一个略有改动的AOSP Quickstep，增加了将主页切换到第 1 页或第 2 页的功能。索尼称这些屏幕为Android™ 和 Walkman™ 屏幕，但事实上，他们只是在第 2 页放置了一个可移除的随身播放器部件。系统确实附带了一系列臃肿的软件，但可以通过ADB 命令禁用。</p>
<p>对于像我这样习惯于AOSP 体验的人来说，我觉得这样的用户界面使用起来令人满意。不过，对于更喜欢Rockbox 的人来说，情况可能并非如此。</p>
<h4 class="wp-block-heading">功能</h4>
<p>日文版和所有非中国大陆版本一样，需要登录谷歌账户。USB-C 端口似乎有限地支持 OTG，能够正确处理 FIDO 质询，但不是全功能的 USB-C 端口，因为屏幕等设备无法正常使用。</p>
<p>主要的音乐播放器是带有 Walkman 标志的 “音乐播放器”，其功能足以播放大多数常见的音频格式。许多人宣传的磁带屏保就是由这个程序提供的。不过，必须在二级菜单的播放界面手动启用。</p>
<p>音质是非常主观的，但当我将它与 DC-03 进行比较时，我会说它在音质和口味的改变方面是一个整体的混合升级。它的输出可能对所有歌曲都更清晰，对某些细节的清晰度更高，但在高音部分会使一些小细节变得暗淡。</p>
<p>可能是由于使用了数字放大器，低音部分相比之下略显暗淡，但细节和准确度依然很好。它还能在低音量时更好地驱动耳机，并在整首歌曲中提供更多的一致性和稳定性，尤其是在动态较强的部分。</p>
<p>由于DC-03 是 DAC，需要数字信号源，因此我还使用 A306 的 USB DAC 模式进行了比较。使用 WASAPI 独占模式或 DSD 原生模式时，音质似乎是一致的。通过该功能，我还可以确定该设备支持原生 DSD 解码。</p>
<p>索尼为该设备配备了许多所谓的 “声音调节 “功能，以及一个名为 “DIRECT” 的旁路选项。可用功能包括</p>
<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>10 波段均衡器，对某些耳机可能有用。</li>
<li>DSEE Ultimate™，一种基于人工智能的专有实时音频升频解决方案。它适用于非无损文件和 MQA 文件，可改善大多数音轨的感知质量，但无法与真正的无损录音相媲美。</li>
<li>直流相位线性化器，他们声称可以使 “低频相位特性更接近传统的模拟放大器”，但我认为这可能是另一种形式的均衡器。</li>
<li>Dynamic Normalizer（动态归一化器），是一项有用的功能，可使音轨之间的音量归一化。</li>
<li>黑胶处理器，一个我几乎无法理解的功能。</li>
<li>ClearAudio+，基本上是一种自动均衡器，使声音更不真实，可能会吸引大众。</li>
</ul>
<p>在所有这些功能中，我只觉得DSEE Ultimate 是个好东西，尤其是在收听通常以acc、ogg 或mp3 格式传输的播客时。这项功能能让语音和一些乐器听起来更自然，细节更丰富。基于人工智能，它的性能取决于音频类型，在输入非典型音频时可能会表现奇怪，无法重现许多丢失的细节。</p>
<p>由于只有 32GB 存储空间，其中 14GB 被系统和内置应用程序占用，剩下的 18GB 对于音乐文件来说太宝贵了，因为音乐文件的大小可能很大。该设备支持最大 2TB 的 microSD 卡，但根据目前市场上的产品目录，这种扩展的上限为 1.5TB。</p>
<p>作为一款安卓设备，我非常惊喜地看到这款设备完全支持项目高音，并在开发人员选项中直接集成了DSU 加载器和OEM 解锁功能。由于它是 Android 设备，因此可以连接到企业级无线网络，如 eduroam®。</p>
<p>虽然之前的许多评论都提到该产品响应速度较慢，但在我使用该设备自带的应用程序以及通过Play Store 下载的Apple Music 时，这种情况并不明显–这是一款中端游览器的平均响应时间，考虑到它的价格，它也是如此。</p>
<p>最后，它还支持文本到语音功能，无论音频质量如何，都能通过语音欣赏基于文本的内容。</p>
<h4 class="wp-block-heading">局限性</h4>
<p>音乐播放器应用程序有一个恼人的特性，就是需要维护数据库，而我的音乐库生成数据库的速度很慢（5 分钟）。它还有一个问题，就是每次重新插入microSD 卡时，数据库中的大部分内容都可能丢失，需要再次更<br>新。</p>
<p>USB DAC 功能完全没有实时性，在观看电影等视频内容时会有相当大的延迟，因此只能播放音乐或录音等纯语音内容。而在设备上播放视频时则不会出现这种延迟。</p>
<p>它的显示屏似乎是其电池时间的一大竞争对手，长时间使用屏幕会大大减少有效使用时间，不建议通过屏幕阅读任何内容。如果可能，使用文本到语音技术可以增加播放时间。</p>
<p>该设备没有扬声器、iPod Classic 系列上的 “咔嗒” 制造器或振动马达。因此，除了聆听音乐外，该设备不适合用作日程提醒或闹钟。</p>
<p>在使用网易云音乐这样臃肿的软件时，卡顿现象非常明显，我想这也是很多评论批评其反应迟钝的原因，但我认为软件开发商难辞其咎，因为游戏《艾希》可以流畅地运行在这个东西上，我不明白为什么一个音乐软件不能。</p>
<p>由于索尼对许多解决方案进行了修改而不是编写，因此一些必要的设置被隐藏起来，例如上文提到的磁带视图。在 “声音 “部分，有一个 “高保真串流 “选项，这对 “良好 “的音频输出至关重要。</p>
<p>我还建议关闭屏幕解锁声音和触摸声音，因为它们在听觉体验中可能会非常突兀。</p>
<p>与三星Galaxy Buds 结合使用的 Galaxy Wearable 应用程序即使通过侧载也无法在该设备上使用。</p>
<p>我的设备上的Wi-Fi 连接似乎不支持 Wi-Fi 6，尽管这种情况在其前后推出的设备中已经非常普遍。通过 Wi-Fi的最大上传和下载速度似乎被限制在 300Mbps 左右，因为我无法获得更高的速度，尽管其他设备通过 Wi-Fi 5 可以达到 700Mbps 或更高的速度。</p>
<p>受SoC 的限制，microSD 卡插槽无法达到某些性能最好的卡的最佳性能–写入速度约为 30MB/s，读取速度约为 80MB/s，而卡的规格为 130/190。不过，低速也能让这些最佳存储卡在可接受的温度范围内运行。</p>
<p>该设备的低处理能力也使其不适合解码高码率视频，但在播放YouTube 或哔哩哔哩*等大多数流媒体服务的1080p 格式视频时几乎没有任何困难。</p>
<p>*仅限通过 Google Play 分发的全球版本，中国大陆版本会产生些许卡顿。</p>
<h4 class="wp-block-heading">备注</h4>
<p>一些索尼网站上的语言和部分消息表明，NW-A306 上的 3.5 毫米耳机插孔实际上是定制的平衡输出，但耳机上看不到这种规格，也没有适配器将其转换为 4.4 或 2.5 平衡端口。我没有仪器来测试这种说法的正确性。</p>
<p>虽然该设备支持Google Play，但很多应用程序都无法安装，原因可能是该系统缺乏对某些功能的支持。虽然可以安装Apple Music，但谷歌允许下载的最佳版本是 2022 年 12 月的 4.0.0 版。不过，可以通过侧载更新最新版本。</p>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-full"><img decoding="async" width="680" height="417" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/A306-AppleMusicZH.png" alt="" class="wp-image-2992" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/A306-AppleMusicZH.png 680w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/A306-AppleMusicZH-300x184.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/A306-AppleMusicZH-18x12.png 18w" sizes="(max-width: 680px) 100vw, 680px" /></figure>
<p>这种奇怪的兼容性问题通常不会造成任何问题，但对于Apple Music Classical 而言，这将导致一个令人遗憾的问题，因为 4.0.0 版没有为其 Classical 版本提供登录支持。</p>
<p>NW-A306 使用 Qualcomm® 的 QCS2290 作为 SoC，因此该设备使用 EMMC，因为不支持 UFS。虽然索尼称”不支持 LE 音频”，但开发者选项确实表明该设备支持 LC3 作为编解码器，以及 Opus 和整个 QualcommaptX™ 系列（包括标准、高清、自适应、TWS+）。</p>
<p>我在上文提到了microSD 卡的性能，虽然读写速度与耐用卡非常接近，通常为 100 读取和 30 写入，但我仍然建议购买高性能卡，因为此类播放器不会取消保修，而且保修期通常更长（三星为 10 年，闪迪为终身*）。</p>
<p>*加拿大和德国不承认终身保修，这两个国家的保修期为 30 年。</p>
]]></content:encoded>
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</item><item>
<title>写在没有新春会的2024。</title>
<link>https://chise.hachiroku.uk/zh/essay/2024-dlw-reflection/</link>
<comments>https://chise.hachiroku.uk/zh/essay/2024-dlw-reflection/#respond</comments>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[Chise Hachiroku]]></dc:creator>
<pubDate>Tue, 02 Jan 2024 09:17:00 +0000</pubDate>
<category><![CDATA[生活随笔]]></category>
<category><![CDATA[双生视界]]></category>
<category><![CDATA[在线游戏]]></category>
<category><![CDATA[思考]]></category>
<guid isPermaLink="false">https://chise.hachiroku.uk/?p=4631</guid>
<description><![CDATA[虽然我也有被伤害哭泣的时候，但是伤害我的和我所伤害的都是人。但是对于同样将我治愈的人，即便哭泣也不能够去讨厌他们。]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[
<p>大家好，我是Chise Hachiroku。可能有些店长已经忘记了我是谁，在此自我介绍：我是少女咖啡枪同人站（GCGDS/GCG.moe）的站长，因为阴差阳错的原因，也被叫做天然。我在2022新春会、2023新春会打过酱油，制作了剧情档案馆和四周年音乐会。</p>
<p>正如先前曾经说过的那样，由于种种原因，即将迎来的甲辰年恐怕是不会有新一年的新春会了。我还在尝试进行一些实验性的企划，不过从最近几个月的推进情况看，大概是比较艰难。后续我也会继续以LoliWorks的名义活动，不过大概很难是与《少女咖啡枪》有关的了。</p>
<p>自从《双生视界》宣布要停止服务以来，在回忆的同时，我也在思考。讽刺的是，直到一切都要结束的时候，我才感觉对一些事情有了拙劣的理解。</p>
<p>游戏到底为我们带来的什么？从最简单的逻辑上来说，作为制作者为了盈利制作的产品，作为消费者的我们获得的应当是在空闲时间的欢愉。在我认真参与的两年中，我看到了许多人在游戏上有着超乎常理的付出。这包括迷小蝶前辈在制作国服WIKI上所花费的巨量时间，南宫太守大佬为制作攻略投入的难以想象的时间与精力，还有fever钟先生制作的极高完成度的MOD等等。</p>
<p>在成就感之外，付出的同时往往还伴随着许多压力：在我自己在行动过程中，遇到的许多事情不仅让我觉得不仅棘手且难以应对，常常相伴的更是许多负面的情绪。虽然这些事情对大家都造成了或多或少的影响，但我们却都还在这里。这大概便是游戏作为产品和工具外的另一层属性——即游戏本身也是一种作品，可以与玩家产生共鸣，产生羁绊，甚至形成习惯。所以，即使纯粹理性而言在游戏带来痛苦之时便失去了其意义，在一定限度内我们似乎也能容忍。</p>
<p>不过，正如晓佳奈在《薇尔莉特·伊芙加登》下册的后记中所说：「虽然我也有被伤害哭泣的时候，但是伤害我的和我所伤害的都是人。」游戏能给人带来的诸多不快，往往都是来自于同样为玩家的其他人。但从另一个角度看，除开游戏本身中存在的欣快，相当一部分的愉悦却是来自与其他玩家的交流与沟通。从我自己看，游戏外的成就感，往往是远大于游戏内的。</p>
<p>虽然我与双生的路还没有完全走完，但无可否认的是，我接下来的道路显然会与咖啡馆的许多少女渐行渐远——就在今年十二月的时候，我在与我的朋友一一讲述少女们的故事的时候，在一些细节上我已经需要去参考两年多前自己在国际服WIKI写下的文字了。</p>
<p>我明白，这样的时候只会越来越多，我与他们的羁绊只会越来越淡，纵然她们在我作为成年人的四年内留下了太多的色彩。有人说，忘记一个人，首先是TA的声音，然后是相貌，接着是发生过的不重要的事情，和哪些曾经无比珍视的记忆……直到最后，曾经听到就会震颤的名字也会被忘记。</p>
<p>这便是我花费无数时间创建剧情档案馆的唯一原因。虽然这是为所有店长而建的，但私下里，却是我尝试与我珍视的记忆建立联系的艰难尝试。我希望大家能喜欢，至少对我来说，在添加完私信、朋友圈和语音后，便已经足够了。</p>
<p>关于《双生视界》的故事，恐怕到此时便已经结束了，但，我们大多数人的人生道路却还有很长、很长的一段。虽然记忆的消失是难以避免的，但我能做的，似乎也都已经做了，我很高兴我并没有太多的遗憾。</p>
<p>回望双生陪伴我、以及我陪伴双生的四年，我虽然没有能帮助塑造双生，但显然双生塑造了我。在这个过程中，我认识了许许多多形形与色色的店长，结识了珍贵的朋友，如果一定要说有什么遗憾的话，那大概便是没有收获得到回应的爱情。</p>
<p>但是，如果这段经历教会了我什么人生哲理，那么恐怕只有……</p>
<p>『（直到我意识到生命要结束的）那时候我才痛苦且无比真实地意识到，（现实）也是我们唯一能找到真正的快乐的地方。因为，只有现实里的一切，才是真实的。』（CLINE, Ernest. Ready Player One. pp.364）</p>
<p>总有人问我，对西山居现在是什么观点。在这最后的最后，我愿引用那篇后记中的下一句：「但是对于同样将我治愈的人，即便哭泣也不能够去讨厌他们。」</p>
]]></content:encoded>
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</item><item>
<title>默西塞德郡利物浦（英格兰，英国）</title>
<link>https://chise.hachiroku.uk/zh/gallery/liverpool-of-merseyside-england-uk/</link>
<comments>https://chise.hachiroku.uk/zh/gallery/liverpool-of-merseyside-england-uk/#respond</comments>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[Chise Hachiroku]]></dc:creator>
<pubDate>Sat, 02 Dec 2023 22:26:34 +0000</pubDate>
<category><![CDATA[我的小小相簿]]></category>
<category><![CDATA[旅行]]></category>
<category><![CDATA[英国]]></category>
<category><![CDATA[风景]]></category>
<guid isPermaLink="false">https://chise.hachiroku.uk/?p=4316</guid>
<description><![CDATA[不仅仅是披头士和足球。]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>利物浦是一座以港口闻名的城市–旅客从这里出发前往美洲或欧洲的目的地，货物从这里运往海外，原材料从这里进口到曼彻斯特用于生产。</p>
<p>如今，利物浦已成为英国一座普通的中等城市，披头士乐队、利物浦足球俱乐部和利物浦的美丽景色是其主要影响因素。我感到非常幸运，在利物浦大学学习的一位值得信赖的朋友为我安排了这次旅行。</p>
<p>由于天气原因，我没能拍到足够多的照片，而且我的包也意外地出了故障，所以这篇图集的篇幅相对较短。但请相信我，这座城市非常值得一游和体验。</p>
<figure class="wp-block-gallery alignwide has-nested-images columns-2 wp-block-gallery-18 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex"><figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><a href="https://chise.hachiroku.uk/20221030_103213/"><img decoding="async" width="768" height="1024" data-id="2020" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/20221030_103213-e1701540108898-768x1024.png" alt="" class="wp-image-2020" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/20221030_103213-e1701540108898-768x1024.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/20221030_103213-e1701540108898-225x300.png 225w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/20221030_103213-e1701540108898-1152x1536.png 1152w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/20221030_103213-e1701540108898-1536x2048.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/20221030_103213-e1701540108898-9x12.png 9w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/20221030_103213-e1701540108898-1568x2091.png 1568w" sizes="(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px" /></a><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">这座城市有许多教堂，其中这座是最古老的教堂之一。</figcaption></figure>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><a href="https://chise.hachiroku.uk/20221030_103442/"><img decoding="async" width="768" height="1024" data-id="2021" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/20221030_103442-e1701540216519-768x1024.png" alt="" class="wp-image-2021" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/20221030_103442-e1701540216519-768x1024.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/20221030_103442-e1701540216519-225x300.png 225w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/20221030_103442-e1701540216519-1152x1536.png 1152w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/20221030_103442-e1701540216519-1536x2048.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/20221030_103442-e1701540216519-9x12.png 9w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/20221030_103442-e1701540216519-1568x2091.png 1568w" sizes="(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px" /></a><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">教堂喜欢小窗户–好像他们不需要缴纳窗户税。</figcaption></figure>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><a href="https://chise.hachiroku.uk/20221030_153700/"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" data-id="2042" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/20221030_153700-1024x768.png" alt="" class="wp-image-2042" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/20221030_153700-1024x768.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/20221030_153700-300x225.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/20221030_153700-768x576.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/20221030_153700-1536x1152.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/20221030_153700-2048x1536.png 2048w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/20221030_153700-16x12.png 16w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/20221030_153700-1568x1176.png 1568w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></a><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">我喜欢在火车站拍照，因为它们通常承载着很多历史。利物浦詹姆斯街的站台似乎非常有趣，显然墙上的所有艺术作品都保留至今。</figcaption></figure>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><a href="https://chise.hachiroku.uk/20221030_143109/"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" data-id="2041" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/20221030_143109-1024x768.png" alt="" class="wp-image-2041" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/20221030_143109-1024x768.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/20221030_143109-300x225.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/20221030_143109-768x576.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/20221030_143109-1536x1152.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/20221030_143109-2048x1536.png 2048w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/20221030_143109-16x12.png 16w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/20221030_143109-1568x1176.png 1568w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></a><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">从利物浦博物馆拍摄的景色。深色的玻璃实际上让它看起来更好看一些。</figcaption></figure>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><a href="https://chise.hachiroku.uk/20221030_131520/"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" data-id="2027" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/20221030_131520-1024x768.png" alt="" class="wp-image-2027" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/20221030_131520-1024x768.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/20221030_131520-300x225.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/20221030_131520-768x576.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/20221030_131520-1536x1152.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/20221030_131520-2048x1536.png 2048w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/20221030_131520-16x12.png 16w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/20221030_131520-1568x1176.png 1568w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></a></figure>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><a href="https://chise.hachiroku.uk/20221030_131234/"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" data-id="2025" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/20221030_131234-1024x768.png" alt="" class="wp-image-2025" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/20221030_131234-1024x768.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/20221030_131234-300x225.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/20221030_131234-768x576.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/20221030_131234-1536x1152.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/20221030_131234-2048x1536.png 2048w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/20221030_131234-16x12.png 16w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/20221030_131234-1568x1176.png 1568w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></a></figure>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><a href="https://chise.hachiroku.uk/20221030_141151/"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" data-id="2037" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/20221030_141151-1024x768.png" alt="" class="wp-image-2037" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/20221030_141151-1024x768.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/20221030_141151-300x225.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/20221030_141151-768x576.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/20221030_141151-1536x1152.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/20221030_141151-2048x1536.png 2048w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/20221030_141151-16x12.png 16w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/20221030_141151-1568x1176.png 1568w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></a></figure>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><a href="https://chise.hachiroku.uk/20221030_141154/"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" data-id="2038" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/20221030_141154-1024x768.png" alt="" class="wp-image-2038" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/20221030_141154-1024x768.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/20221030_141154-300x225.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/20221030_141154-768x576.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/20221030_141154-1536x1152.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/20221030_141154-2048x1536.png 2048w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/20221030_141154-16x12.png 16w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/20221030_141154-1568x1176.png 1568w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></a></figure>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><a href="https://chise.hachiroku.uk/20221030_140721/"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" data-id="2029" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/20221030_140721-1024x768.png" alt="" class="wp-image-2029" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/20221030_140721-1024x768.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/20221030_140721-300x225.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/20221030_140721-768x576.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/20221030_140721-1536x1152.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/20221030_140721-2048x1536.png 2048w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/20221030_140721-16x12.png 16w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/20221030_140721-1568x1176.png 1568w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></a></figure>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><a href="https://chise.hachiroku.uk/20221030_140724/"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" data-id="2030" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/20221030_140724-1024x768.png" alt="" class="wp-image-2030" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/20221030_140724-1024x768.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/20221030_140724-300x225.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/20221030_140724-768x576.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/20221030_140724-1536x1152.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/20221030_140724-2048x1536.png 2048w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/20221030_140724-16x12.png 16w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/20221030_140724-1568x1176.png 1568w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></a></figure>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><a href="https://chise.hachiroku.uk/20221030_141200/"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" data-id="2039" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/20221030_141200-1024x768.png" alt="" class="wp-image-2039" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/20221030_141200-1024x768.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/20221030_141200-300x225.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/20221030_141200-768x576.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/20221030_141200-1536x1152.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/20221030_141200-2048x1536.png 2048w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/20221030_141200-16x12.png 16w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/20221030_141200-1568x1176.png 1568w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></a></figure>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><a href="https://chise.hachiroku.uk/20221030_161457/"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" data-id="2046" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/20221030_161457-1024x768.png" alt="" class="wp-image-2046" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/20221030_161457-1024x768.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/20221030_161457-300x225.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/20221030_161457-768x576.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/20221030_161457-1536x1152.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/20221030_161457-2048x1536.png 2048w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/20221030_161457-16x12.png 16w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/20221030_161457-1568x1176.png 1568w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></a></figure>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><a href="https://chise.hachiroku.uk/20221030_1618390/"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" data-id="2049" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/20221030_1618390-1024x768.png" alt="" class="wp-image-2049" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/20221030_1618390-1024x768.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/20221030_1618390-300x225.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/20221030_1618390-768x576.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/20221030_1618390-1536x1152.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/20221030_1618390-2048x1536.png 2048w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/20221030_1618390-16x12.png 16w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/20221030_1618390-1568x1176.png 1568w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></a></figure>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><a href="https://chise.hachiroku.uk/20221030_162747/"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" data-id="2051" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/20221030_162747-1024x768.png" alt="" class="wp-image-2051" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/20221030_162747-1024x768.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/20221030_162747-300x225.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/20221030_162747-768x576.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/20221030_162747-1536x1152.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/20221030_162747-2048x1536.png 2048w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/20221030_162747-16x12.png 16w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/20221030_162747-1568x1176.png 1568w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></a></figure>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><a href="https://chise.hachiroku.uk/?attachment_id=2060"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" data-id="2060" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/20221030_161848-1024x768.png" alt="" class="wp-image-2060" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/20221030_161848-1024x768.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/20221030_161848-300x225.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/20221030_161848-768x576.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/20221030_161848-1536x1152.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/20221030_161848-2048x1536.png 2048w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/20221030_161848-16x12.png 16w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/20221030_161848-1568x1176.png 1568w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></a></figure>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><a href="https://chise.hachiroku.uk/?attachment_id=2058"><img decoding="async" width="4000" height="3000" data-id="2058" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/20221030_162221.png" alt="" class="wp-image-2058" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/20221030_162221.png 4000w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/20221030_162221-300x225.png 300w" sizes="(max-width: 4000px) 100vw, 4000px" /></a></figure>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><a href="https://chise.hachiroku.uk/?attachment_id=2059"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" data-id="2059" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/20221030_161736-1024x768.png" alt="" class="wp-image-2059" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/20221030_161736-1024x768.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/20221030_161736-300x225.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/20221030_161736-768x576.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/20221030_161736-1536x1152.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/20221030_161736-2048x1536.png 2048w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/20221030_161736-16x12.png 16w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/20221030_161736-1568x1176.png 1568w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></a></figure>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><a href="https://chise.hachiroku.uk/?attachment_id=2062"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" data-id="2062" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/20221031_095229-1024x768.png" alt="" class="wp-image-2062" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/20221031_095229-1024x768.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/20221031_095229-300x225.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/20221031_095229-768x576.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/20221031_095229-1536x1152.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/20221031_095229-2048x1536.png 2048w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/20221031_095229-16x12.png 16w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/20221031_095229-1568x1176.png 1568w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></a><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">有人告诉我，这个大厅的设计与以前的蒸汽轮船类似，因为乘客往往先住在这个酒店里，然后再下到位于酒店前部一路向下的港口。</figcaption></figure>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><a href="https://chise.hachiroku.uk/?attachment_id=2057"><img decoding="async" width="4000" height="3000" data-id="2057" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/20221031_170127.png" alt="" class="wp-image-2057" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/20221031_170127.png 4000w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/20221031_170127-300x225.png 300w" sizes="(max-width: 4000px) 100vw, 4000px" /></a><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">利物浦的现代一面</figcaption></figure>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><a href="https://chise.hachiroku.uk/?attachment_id=2061"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" data-id="2061" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/20221031_170731-1024x768.png" alt="" class="wp-image-2061" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/20221031_170731-1024x768.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/20221031_170731-300x225.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/20221031_170731-768x576.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/20221031_170731-1536x1152.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/20221031_170731-2048x1536.png 2048w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/20221031_170731-16x12.png 16w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/20221031_170731-1568x1176.png 1568w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></a><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">这是一个轻松的展览–我喜欢人们如何通过它的颜色和形状与它互动。</figcaption></figure>
</figure>
]]></content:encoded>
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</item><item>
<title>代尔夫特（荷兰）和代尔夫特理工大学</title>
<link>https://chise.hachiroku.uk/zh/gallery/tu-delft/</link>
<comments>https://chise.hachiroku.uk/zh/gallery/tu-delft/#respond</comments>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[Chise Hachiroku]]></dc:creator>
<pubDate>Sat, 02 Dec 2023 13:58:52 +0000</pubDate>
<category><![CDATA[我的小小相簿]]></category>
<category><![CDATA[ICPC]]></category>
<category><![CDATA[NWERC]]></category>
<category><![CDATA[旅行]]></category>
<category><![CDATA[算法]]></category>
<category><![CDATA[荷兰]]></category>
<guid isPermaLink="false">https://chise.hachiroku.uk/?p=4320</guid>
<description><![CDATA[同样的欧洲，不同的文化。]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[
<p>这组照片是在参加国际大学生程序设计竞赛西北欧地区赛（NWERC of ICPC）期间拍摄的。比赛在荷兰代尔夫特理工大学（TU Delft）举行。</p>
<p>由于我在那里逗留的时间有限，拍摄的照片也非常有限。我很惊讶英语在这个荷兰语国家的深入人心，也很惊讶他们通过我不经意间的交流所表达的 “快乐 “程度。</p>
<p>街道和建筑的管理都保持着原貌，我们随处可见自行车的使用，包括繁忙路段的专用自行车道。荷兰似乎一直与水和大炮保持着特别好的关系，因为我们可以看到水一直在流淌，并与街道、建筑和院落形成了美丽的共生关系。</p>
<p>这是一次由学校支付费用的旅行。非常感谢曼彻斯特大学支付的费用、住宿和机票。</p>
<figure class="wp-block-gallery alignwide has-nested-images columns-2 is-cropped wp-block-gallery-19 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex">
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><a href="https://chise.hachiroku.uk/20231124_180200-2/"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" data-id="1941" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/20231124_180200-1-1024x768.png" alt="" class="wp-image-1941" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/20231124_180200-1-1024x768.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/20231124_180200-1-300x225.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/20231124_180200-1-768x576.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/20231124_180200-1-1536x1152.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/20231124_180200-1-2048x1536.png 2048w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/20231124_180200-1-16x12.png 16w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/20231124_180200-1-1568x1176.png 1568w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></a><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">代尔夫特火车站。当然，这不是最大的一个。</figcaption></figure>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><a href="https://chise.hachiroku.uk/20231124_175827-2/"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" data-id="1940" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/20231124_175827-1-1024x768.png" alt="" class="wp-image-1940" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/20231124_175827-1-1024x768.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/20231124_175827-1-300x225.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/20231124_175827-1-768x576.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/20231124_175827-1-1536x1152.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/20231124_175827-1-2048x1536.png 2048w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/20231124_175827-1-16x12.png 16w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/20231124_175827-1-1568x1176.png 1568w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></a></figure>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><a href="https://chise.hachiroku.uk/20231124_180751/"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" data-id="1943" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/20231124_180751-1024x768.png" alt="" class="wp-image-1943" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/20231124_180751-1024x768.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/20231124_180751-300x225.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/20231124_180751-768x576.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/20231124_180751-1536x1152.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/20231124_180751-2048x1536.png 2048w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/20231124_180751-16x12.png 16w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/20231124_180751-1568x1176.png 1568w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></a><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">再看对面的地下一层–这是一条自行车专用道。</figcaption></figure>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><a href="https://chise.hachiroku.uk/20231124_181357/"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" data-id="1944" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/20231124_181357-1024x768.png" alt="" class="wp-image-1944" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/20231124_181357-1024x768.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/20231124_181357-300x225.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/20231124_181357-768x576.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/20231124_181357-1536x1152.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/20231124_181357-2048x1536.png 2048w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/20231124_181357-16x12.png 16w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/20231124_181357-1568x1176.png 1568w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></a></figure>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><a href="https://chise.hachiroku.uk/20231124_181623/"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" data-id="1945" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/20231124_181623-1024x768.png" alt="" class="wp-image-1945" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/20231124_181623-1024x768.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/20231124_181623-300x225.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/20231124_181623-768x576.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/20231124_181623-1536x1152.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/20231124_181623-2048x1536.png 2048w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/20231124_181623-16x12.png 16w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/20231124_181623-1568x1176.png 1568w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></a></figure>
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<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><a href="https://chise.hachiroku.uk/20231126_170556/"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" data-id="1909" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/20231126_170556-1024x768.png" alt="" class="wp-image-1909" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/20231126_170556-1024x768.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/20231126_170556-300x225.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/20231126_170556-768x576.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/20231126_170556-1536x1152.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/20231126_170556-2048x1536.png 2048w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/20231126_170556-16x12.png 16w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/20231126_170556-1568x1176.png 1568w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></a></figure>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><a href="https://chise.hachiroku.uk/20231124_145943-2/"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" data-id="1938" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/20231124_145943-1-1024x768.png" alt="" class="wp-image-1938" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/20231124_145943-1-1024x768.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/20231124_145943-1-300x225.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/20231124_145943-1-768x576.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/20231124_145943-1-1536x1152.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/20231124_145943-1-2048x1536.png 2048w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/20231124_145943-1-16x12.png 16w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/20231124_145943-1-1568x1176.png 1568w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></a></figure>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><a href="https://chise.hachiroku.uk/20231123_234425/"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" data-id="1912" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/20231123_234425-1024x768.png" alt="" class="wp-image-1912" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/20231123_234425-1024x768.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/20231123_234425-300x225.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/20231123_234425-768x576.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/20231123_234425-1536x1152.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/20231123_234425-2048x1536.png 2048w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/20231123_234425-16x12.png 16w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/20231123_234425-1568x1176.png 1568w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></a><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">这与代尔夫特无关，而是送给自己的生日礼物——一个白子的邮差包。<br>我把它带到了荷兰，也许将来还会带到更多地方。</figcaption></figure>
</figure>
]]></content:encoded>
<wfw:commentRss>https://chise.hachiroku.uk/zh/gallery/tu-delft/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
</item><item>
<title>路过苏格兰首府爱丁堡</title>
<link>https://chise.hachiroku.uk/zh/gallery/edinbvrgh/</link>
<comments>https://chise.hachiroku.uk/zh/gallery/edinbvrgh/#respond</comments>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[Chise Hachiroku]]></dc:creator>
<pubDate>Fri, 10 Nov 2023 13:25:12 +0000</pubDate>
<category><![CDATA[我的小小相簿]]></category>
<category><![CDATA[NWERC]]></category>
<category><![CDATA[旅行]]></category>
<category><![CDATA[英国]]></category>
<category><![CDATA[风景]]></category>
<guid isPermaLink="false">https://chise.hachiroku.uk/?p=4324</guid>
<description><![CDATA[苏格兰首府，新旧交融。]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[
<p>为了申请申根签证，我前往爱丁堡进行了为期一天的旅行。这是一座非常有趣的城市，新旧建筑都精心保留了苏格兰古老的建筑风格。让我印象深刻的是，市中心有许多古老的建筑至今仍被保留和使用–许多都是 17 世纪到 19 世纪的建筑。</p>
<p>爱丁堡有轨电车也相当有趣。由于建造时间较晚，这些有轨电车与曼彻斯特 Metrolink 相比更加安静，车厢也更低。与英格兰的同类产品相比，这些有轨电车也要干净得多。</p>
<p>我非常喜欢这座城市。如果有更多时间，我一定会再来。</p>
<figure class="wp-block-gallery alignwide has-nested-images columns-2 is-cropped wp-block-gallery-20 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex">
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<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><a href="https://chise.hachiroku.uk/20231109_081237/"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" data-id="1879" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/20231109_081237-1024x768.png" alt="" class="wp-image-1879" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/20231109_081237-1024x768.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/20231109_081237-300x225.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/20231109_081237-768x576.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/20231109_081237-1536x1152.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/20231109_081237-2048x1536.png 2048w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/20231109_081237-16x12.png 16w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/20231109_081237-1568x1176.png 1568w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></a></figure>
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<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><a href="https://chise.hachiroku.uk/20231109_113057/"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" data-id="1889" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/20231109_113057-1024x768.png" alt="" class="wp-image-1889" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/20231109_113057-1024x768.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/20231109_113057-300x225.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/20231109_113057-768x576.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/20231109_113057-1536x1152.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/20231109_113057-2048x1536.png 2048w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/20231109_113057-16x12.png 16w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/20231109_113057-1568x1176.png 1568w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></a></figure>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><a href="https://chise.hachiroku.uk/20231109_113334/"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" data-id="1891" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/20231109_113334-1024x768.png" alt="" class="wp-image-1891" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/20231109_113334-1024x768.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/20231109_113334-300x225.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/20231109_113334-768x576.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/20231109_113334-1536x1152.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/20231109_113334-2048x1536.png 2048w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/20231109_113334-16x12.png 16w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/20231109_113334-1568x1176.png 1568w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></a></figure>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><a href="https://chise.hachiroku.uk/20231109_114836/"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" data-id="1896" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/20231109_114836-1024x768.png" alt="" class="wp-image-1896" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/20231109_114836-1024x768.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/20231109_114836-300x225.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/20231109_114836-768x576.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/20231109_114836-1536x1152.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/20231109_114836-2048x1536.png 2048w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/20231109_114836-16x12.png 16w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/20231109_114836-1568x1176.png 1568w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></a></figure>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><a href="https://chise.hachiroku.uk/20231109_115439/"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" data-id="1899" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/20231109_115439-1024x768.png" alt="" class="wp-image-1899" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/20231109_115439-1024x768.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/20231109_115439-300x225.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/20231109_115439-768x576.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/20231109_115439-1536x1152.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/20231109_115439-2048x1536.png 2048w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/20231109_115439-16x12.png 16w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/20231109_115439-1568x1176.png 1568w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></a></figure>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><a href="https://chise.hachiroku.uk/20231109_115610/"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" data-id="1901" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/20231109_115610-1024x768.png" alt="" class="wp-image-1901" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/20231109_115610-1024x768.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/20231109_115610-300x225.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/20231109_115610-768x576.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/20231109_115610-1536x1152.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/20231109_115610-2048x1536.png 2048w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/20231109_115610-16x12.png 16w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/20231109_115610-1568x1176.png 1568w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></a><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">也被称为 “几乎让英国经济崩溃的银行”。</figcaption></figure>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><a href="https://chise.hachiroku.uk/20231109_115639/"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" data-id="1902" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/20231109_115639-1024x768.png" alt="" class="wp-image-1902" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/20231109_115639-1024x768.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/20231109_115639-300x225.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/20231109_115639-768x576.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/20231109_115639-1536x1152.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/20231109_115639-2048x1536.png 2048w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/20231109_115639-16x12.png 16w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/20231109_115639-1568x1176.png 1568w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></a></figure>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><a href="https://chise.hachiroku.uk/20231109_115858/"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" data-id="1904" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/20231109_115858-1024x768.png" alt="" class="wp-image-1904" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/20231109_115858-1024x768.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/20231109_115858-300x225.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/20231109_115858-768x576.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/20231109_115858-1536x1152.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/20231109_115858-2048x1536.png 2048w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/20231109_115858-16x12.png 16w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/20231109_115858-1568x1176.png 1568w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></a></figure>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><a href="https://chise.hachiroku.uk/20231109_120158/"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" data-id="1905" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/20231109_120158-1024x768.png" alt="" class="wp-image-1905" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/20231109_120158-1024x768.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/20231109_120158-300x225.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/20231109_120158-768x576.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/20231109_120158-1536x1152.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/20231109_120158-2048x1536.png 2048w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/20231109_120158-16x12.png 16w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/20231109_120158-1568x1176.png 1568w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></a></figure>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><a href="https://chise.hachiroku.uk/20231109_123448/"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" data-id="1907" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/20231109_123448-1024x768.png" alt="" class="wp-image-1907" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/20231109_123448-1024x768.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/20231109_123448-300x225.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/20231109_123448-768x576.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/20231109_123448-1536x1152.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/20231109_123448-2048x1536.png 2048w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/20231109_123448-16x12.png 16w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/20231109_123448-1568x1176.png 1568w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></a></figure>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><a href="https://chise.hachiroku.uk/20231109_120612/"><img decoding="async" width="768" height="1024" data-id="1906" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/20231109_120612-768x1024.png" alt="" class="wp-image-1906" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/20231109_120612-768x1024.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/20231109_120612-225x300.png 225w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/20231109_120612-1152x1536.png 1152w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/20231109_120612-1536x2048.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/20231109_120612-9x12.png 9w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/20231109_120612-1568x2091.png 1568w" sizes="(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px" /></a></figure>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><a href="https://chise.hachiroku.uk/20231109_114941/"><img decoding="async" width="768" height="1024" data-id="1897" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/20231109_114941-768x1024.png" alt="" class="wp-image-1897" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/20231109_114941-768x1024.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/20231109_114941-225x300.png 225w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/20231109_114941-1152x1536.png 1152w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/20231109_114941-1536x2048.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/20231109_114941-9x12.png 9w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/20231109_114941-1568x2091.png 1568w" sizes="(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px" /></a></figure>
</figure>
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</item><item>
<title>复活七濑胡桃？</title>
<link>https://chise.hachiroku.uk/zh/opinion/what-does-a-mobile-game-mean/</link>
<comments>https://chise.hachiroku.uk/zh/opinion/what-does-a-mobile-game-mean/#respond</comments>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[Chise Hachiroku]]></dc:creator>
<pubDate>Tue, 29 Aug 2023 17:47:57 +0000</pubDate>
<category><![CDATA[日志观点]]></category>
<category><![CDATA[七濑胡桃]]></category>
<category><![CDATA[在线游戏]]></category>
<category><![CDATA[思考]]></category>
<guid isPermaLink="false">https://chise.hachiroku.uk/?p=4337</guid>
<description><![CDATA[这是一个好主意，但可能不切实际。]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[
<p>今天（2023 年 8 月 30 日）是《少女咖啡枪》中千姬和唯的生日，不知怎么的，在我睡觉之前，一段视频吸引了我的注意——这段视频是巨人网络前员工描述他与七濑胡桃的游戏和相关虚拟主播业务的过往。</p>
<p>(背景资料：由于指标不佳，老游戏和虚拟主播账户均于 2023 年初停运）。</p>
<p>我看完了整段视频，但当他介绍将为团队对该角色的热情开发一款新的手机游戏时，我一度无法继续看下去。</p>
<p>从情感上讲，我为他们的热情和希望延续七濑胡桃有限生命的愿望而感动，也为他们的决定而震惊，因为这是非常罕见的。然而，两年的游戏行业取材经验告诉我，这不仅是一条艰难的道路，也很可能是一个不负责任的决定。</p>
<p>制作、维护和推出一款游戏的高昂成本很快就会使事情变得非常困难。一个人或一个小团队很难获得足够的资源来制作一款质量足够高的游戏，否则游戏可能只是前一款游戏的简单翻版。</p>
<p>他们宣称将重建游戏本身，但我不知道这需要多长时间，质量能否达到标准。制作人提到，旧游戏的代码质量已经混乱到他们无法维护的地步——这是一个非常不好的迹象。</p>
<p>如果原始代码库足够精良，那么尽管新代码质量不高，进一步添加也不会导致质量大幅下降。如果游戏是使用 git 或 Apache Subversion 辅助构建的，那么删除不需要的代码最多只需一天时间。</p>
<p>现在团队里的人少了，即使他们决定长期做这个项目，如果他们不能尽快掌握并运用良好的开发实践，恐怕代码的可维护性只会越来越差。</p>
<p>如果目标是回归初衷，商业化计划也值得商榷。基础游戏加上付费DLC 是一个很好的组合，过去也有成功的案例（如《Muse Dash》），但对于没有数值付费墙的休闲游戏和换装游戏来说，这种方式是否行得通，业界还不完全清楚。</p>
<p>这里的问题是，休闲游戏如何让玩家在游戏过程中付费购买：衣物的款式类型有限，因此创意可能会一度枯竭，而且如果玩家不想要新衣服，就可能不会充值。</p>
<p>每套新DLC的收入波动都有可能使团队进入生存模式，这将给他们带来巨大的压力：他们必须确保推出的每套产品都能获得成功，这可能会导致他们做出错误的决定，比如设计一套不适合角色的衣物。</p>
<p>但是，对于游戏来说，一步错，便可满盘皆输。</p>
<p>游戏与玩家生活之间的凝聚力对他们来说也是不利的——如果那里只有一个角色，而且每个月的新东西有限，他们怎么能让玩家日复一日地回去呢？</p>
<p>总之——我认为这是一场激情戏，如果新团队不能在坚持初衷的同时实现创造收入的微妙平衡，就有可能会造成巨大的赤字。</p>
<p>他们的勇气令人钦佩，但我认为，我们暂时不应感到兴奋，而应密切关注他们下一步的行动。</p>
<hr class="wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity"/>
<p>我有一个不成熟的想法，关于他们如何才能获得健康的收入：</p>
<p>制作一个附带定制版游戏的设备，可以随身携带，也可以像时钟一样放在桌子上。让角色做自己想做的事，并通过触摸和语音与玩家互动。设备收费，高级功能每月收取少量服务费。</p>
]]></content:encoded>
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</item><item>
<title>不是奇迹的奇迹：对《蔚蓝档案》的肤浅分析。</title>
<link>https://chise.hachiroku.uk/zh/opinion/miracles-that-just-aint-a-superficial-analysis-on-blue-archive/</link>
<comments>https://chise.hachiroku.uk/zh/opinion/miracles-that-just-aint-a-superficial-analysis-on-blue-archive/#respond</comments>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[Chise Hachiroku]]></dc:creator>
<pubDate>Sat, 26 Aug 2023 09:18:00 +0000</pubDate>
<category><![CDATA[日志观点]]></category>
<category><![CDATA[在线游戏]]></category>
<category><![CDATA[思考]]></category>
<category><![CDATA[蔚蓝档案]]></category>
<guid isPermaLink="false">https://chise.hachiroku.uk/?p=4339</guid>
<description><![CDATA[这世上没有奇迹，只有努力的回报。]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[
<p>《蔚蓝档案》（以下简称BA）是一款由韩国公司开发、中国公司发行的日式 ARPG 游戏，却 “神奇 “地不仅在<br>韩国和日本市场大受欢迎，而且在全球市场以及一向棘手的中国市场也大受欢迎。</p>
<p>我玩了BA 的中文版约六个小时，在 Bilibili World 的亲眼目睹了他们在那里的摊位获得的成功。据我观察，他们的成功并非奇迹。</p>
<p>首先让我们谈谈游戏本身。虽然游戏本身的许多实现方式并没有选择新技术而采用了既有的传统方法，但BA几乎在每个角落都精心打磨，使几乎所有功能都做得恰到好处。</p>
<p>他们没有使用花哨的Live2D 或 e-mote，大部分角色似乎都是用静态图片呈现的（关键角色使用类似 Spine 的方法）。绝大多数动画场景似乎都是基于简单的平移和缩放；对于复杂的场景，使用的也是基于 2D 的动画解决方案（但不是L2D）。</p>
<p>与同期发行的游戏中常见的 2D 或 3D 现代方法相比，上述决定确实使人物看起来不那么 “生动”，但好的故事（稍后再谈）和这一行业积累的丰富经验使他们保证了高于平均水平的整体效果。</p>
<p>至于角色，BA 的制作者似乎已经充分意识到，要满足更多玩家的需求，就必须提供一个多样化、包容性、全方位和分类的角色目录。虽然正在进行的游戏会不断增加新的角色，但他们似乎只添加了具有既有角色群中其他角色尚未涵盖的特征角色。</p>
<p>他们还在设计上保持了良好的平衡，使每个角色都栩栩如生、和蔼可亲（至少对某些人而言），并在群体中独树一帜，同时又注意不让粉丝作品的创作者在创作过程中过于担心出戏（OOC）的问题。</p>
<p>与其他同类游戏相比，BA 的故事是一大亮点。虽然游戏采用的是老式的 “被选中者拯救世界 “情节，但BA 通过积极向上的曲调、精心制作的文字和非传统的敌人设定，努力使整个游戏保持一种欢快的气氛。</p>
<p>BA 的制作者选择了简单的 3D 横板射击作为主要的游戏玩法，玩家则扮演指挥者的角色。技术数字和机制的整体平衡让玩家可以在 “通过技术取胜 “和 “付费取胜 “之间做出选择，要求玩家在加入游戏后为其产生收入，或贡献游戏时间。</p>
<p>如果要详细列举其所有功能，包括“桃信”（终端）、主页角色、好感系统、后院装饰/互动等，那将是冗长而不切实际的。不过，上述系统没有一个是半成品，也没有任何不成熟的迹象。</p>
<p>然而，在这个时代，当所有其他竞争者都在试图创造一些 “酷 “的东西，并往往在他们的产品中或多或少地出现失误时，BA 却成功地交出了一份答卷：即使除了现有的概念之外什么都没有，但一切都符合对一款游戏的一般期待。他们赌的是，市场需要的是快乐的日常情节，幸运的是，他们赌对了。</p>
<p>出版团队对BA 的营销也值得关注。他们似乎不愿意参加和参与太多的展览或聚会，但在参加时往往会打破常规。例如，他们曾多次将展台的一部分改造成开放式livehouse，这在游戏发行商中并不多见，但在年轻人的夜生活中却很常见。</p>
<p>他们的广告充分体现了玩家对他们的期待，即通过日常活动与游戏中的女孩们进行快乐互动。他们很少使用纯粹的诱饵（如摇晃的欧派），而是选择突出快乐的表情作为邀请。</p>
<p>与其他同级别的营销方式相比，他们在发布过程中的另一个重要区别是不造成干扰。他们精心选择广告发布的时间、方式和强度，有的放矢，既保持良好的曝光率，又不会让广告随处可见。</p>
<p>总的来说，我们可以得出这样的结论：他们在控制预算的同时，进行了优雅而又相当有效的营销。</p>
<p>所有这些加在一起，可以很明显地看出，他们所取得的成就并非运气使然–他们正在坚定而稳健地做着一场游戏，并简单地让一切都应验了他们的口号–“与你的日常，就是奇迹”。</p>
]]></content:encoded>
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</item><item>
<title>约定社会规则的合理解释。</title>
<link>https://chise.hachiroku.uk/zh/opinion/a-justified-clause-for-agreed-social-rules/</link>
<comments>https://chise.hachiroku.uk/zh/opinion/a-justified-clause-for-agreed-social-rules/#respond</comments>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[Chise Hachiroku]]></dc:creator>
<pubDate>Tue, 15 Aug 2023 14:30:00 +0000</pubDate>
<category><![CDATA[日志观点]]></category>
<category><![CDATA[思考]]></category>
<guid isPermaLink="false">https://chise.hachiroku.uk/?p=4341</guid>
<description><![CDATA[一切存在，皆有其因。]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[
<p>平等，以及其他普遍认同的规则，如接受多样性、容忍童年的愚昧、建立无障碍工具等，都很难自圆其说。</p>
<p>有许多理由可以反对它们，例如 <em>与老太太相比，维持年轻人的站立可能需要更多的能量 </em>或 <em>社会应更多地关心那些与残疾人相比贡献更多的人，因为他们做了更多的工作</em> 。</p>
<p>根据常识，人们可以很容易地指出上述说法的荒谬性，但根据独立的逻辑推理，这些说法在某种程度上是有道理的，有时还会被某些人接受。</p>
<p>在这个问题上，我的看法是，我们必须把这些规则结合起来，提供一个条款，让其中一个规则的价值能够维护其他规则的价值，反之亦然。</p>
<p>我们所能做出的最明确、最易理解的释义之一，就是为我们自己提供社会保险，为以前做出贡献的人提供福利，并为我们所接受的服务提供回报。换句话说：为我们享受过的服务和我们将来需要的服务付费。</p>
<p>在童年时期，我们中的绝大多数人可能都曾给他人造成过困扰，比如在公共交通工具上哭泣，或者不小心撞到别人。日后容忍这些行为，就是在偿还我们欠下的这些社会债务。</p>
<p>的确，在我们的黄金时期，我们需要为社会提供服务，比如为有需要的人让座，或者为养老基金提供货币捐助。这一时期，我们可能会感到不平衡，在这些时期，我们会付出而不是接受。</p>
<p>然后，随着我们的身体逐渐衰老，或者不可预知的事情发生，我们会逐渐或突然失去优势，成为这个社会中”功能较弱 “的成员。我们再次接受这个社会提供的服务，收回我们曾经做出的贡献。</p>
<p>多样性为这一机制的普遍运作提供了更大的平台，平等确保了这一系统中没有人掉队，而专业化基础设施的建设则确保了它们不受空间限制。</p>
<p>毫无疑问，还有一些边缘情况，但我相信上述情况可能是一个很好的起点，然后我们可以发现我们尚未发现的东西。</p>
]]></content:encoded>
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<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
</item><item>
<title>一种设计和利用使用中央后端的多层次缓存系统的可能方法</title>
<link>https://chise.hachiroku.uk/zh/kludge/tiered-caching/</link>
<comments>https://chise.hachiroku.uk/zh/kludge/tiered-caching/#respond</comments>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[Chise Hachiroku]]></dc:creator>
<pubDate>Wed, 24 May 2023 11:39:00 +0000</pubDate>
<category><![CDATA[奇技淫巧]]></category>
<category><![CDATA[分布式系统]]></category>
<category><![CDATA[科技]]></category>
<category><![CDATA[算法]]></category>
<guid isPermaLink="false">https://chise.hachiroku.uk/?p=4371</guid>
<description><![CDATA[本文讨论如何使用缓存来实现 Web 服务的目
标。]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[
<div class="wp-block-nhsblocks-quote1 nhsuk-inset-text is-style-quote-reverse"><span class="nhsuk-u-visually-hidden">Quote / Testimonial: </span><div class="nhsuk-inset-text__quote"><p>这是一篇涉及面很广的冗长技术文章。</p></div><span class="nhsuk-inset-text__quote-attribution">这篇文章的字数超过 7500。对于有一些先前知识的人来说可能需要 25 到 30 分钟才能读<br>完，而对于这个概念的新人来说则需要更长的时间。</span></div>
<div class="wp-block-nhsblocks-card1 nhsuk-grid-column-width nhsuk-care-card nhsuk-care-card--type is-style-warning-callout"><div class="nhsuk-care-card__heading-container"><h3 class="nhsuk-care-card__heading"><span><span class="nhsuk-u-visually-hidden">Non-urgent advice: </span><span class="nhsuk-care-card__heading-text">免责声明</span></span></h3><span class="nhsuk-care-card__arrow" aria-hidden="true"></span></div><div class="nhsuk-care-card__content">这篇文章记录了在建设 Eruthyll Wiki时背后的设计和考虑。虽然这套技巧对我很有帮助，但它可能因人而异，尤其是在要求不同的情况下。在完全接受一个人的说法之前，请一定也进行自己的研究。这篇文章写于2023年5月至6月之间，我未来的内容可能会推翻这篇文章中阐述的论点。</div></div>
<p>一个长期存在的问题是，我们如何能够设计一个基于网络的服务，并确保访问者可以可能合理地要求一个系统所具有的所有方面 – 可用性/可靠性、一致性和性能。</p>
<p>对于我们这些网站维护者和管理员来说，这将是著名的CAP定理要素的扩展 – 一致性、可用性、分区容忍度，再加上服务器的快速响应。</p>
<p>在这篇文章中，我将讨论当只有一个中央后台和一个中央数据存储时，我们如何设计一个多层缓存系统来最大化目标。我还将简要介绍所有的技术和它们的工作原理，所以在本文结束时，你可能会对所涉及的基本概念有一个很好的覆盖。</p>
<p>但在我们开始之前，必须问自己…</p>
<div class="wp-block-nhsblocks-dodont nhsuk-do-dont-list"><h3 class="nhsuk-do-dont-list__label">这玩意适合我吗？</h3><ul class="nhsuk-list nhsuk-list--cross">
<li class="wp-block-nhsblocks-doitem"><svg class="nhsuk-icon nhsuk-icon__tick" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" aria-hidden="true"><path stroke-width="4" stroke-linecap="round" d="M18.4 7.8l-8.5 8.4L5.6 12"></path></svg><span>普通访客没有机会做出一些会立即产生效果的改变。</span></li>
<li class="wp-block-nhsblocks-doitem"><svg class="nhsuk-icon nhsuk-icon__tick" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" aria-hidden="true"><path stroke-width="4" stroke-linecap="round" d="M18.4 7.8l-8.5 8.4L5.6 12"></path></svg><span>我能够建立一个中央后台，它与边缘节点有良好的连接。</span></li>
<li class="wp-block-nhsblocks-doitem"><svg class="nhsuk-icon nhsuk-icon__tick" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" aria-hidden="true"><path stroke-width="4" stroke-linecap="round" d="M18.4 7.8l-8.5 8.4L5.6 12"></path></svg><span>及时性对我来说并不那么重要 – 我不是在经营新闻服务或类似的东西。</span></li>
<li class="wp-block-nhsblocks-doitem"><svg class="nhsuk-icon nhsuk-icon__tick" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" aria-hidden="true"><path stroke-width="4" stroke-linecap="round" d="M18.4 7.8l-8.5 8.4L5.6 12"></path></svg><span>这些请求可能来自地球上的任何地方，如果全部以原始方式处理，将会使我的服务器超载。</span></li>
<li class="wp-block-nhsblocks-dontitem"><svg class="nhsuk-icon nhsuk-icon__cross" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M17 18.5c-.4 0-.8-.1-1.1-.4l-10-10c-.6-.6-.6-1.6 0-2.1.6-.6 1.5-.6 2.1 0l10 10c.6.6.6 1.5 0 2.1-.3.3-.6.4-1 .4z"></path><path d="M7 18.5c-.4 0-.8-.1-1.1-.4-.6-.6-.6-1.5 0-2.1l10-10c.6-.6 1.5-.6 2.1 0 .6.6.6 1.5 0 2.1l-10 10c-.3.3-.6.4-1 .4z"></path></svg><span>用户必须登录才能使用该服务，而且向每个用户所提供的数据会有所不同。</span></li>
<li class="wp-block-nhsblocks-dontitem"><svg class="nhsuk-icon nhsuk-icon__cross" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M17 18.5c-.4 0-.8-.1-1.1-.4l-10-10c-.6-.6-.6-1.6 0-2.1.6-.6 1.5-.6 2.1 0l10 10c.6.6.6 1.5 0 2.1-.3.3-.6.4-1 .4z"></path><path d="M7 18.5c-.4 0-.8-.1-1.1-.4-.6-.6-.6-1.5 0-2.1l10-10c.6-.6 1.5-.6 2.1 0 .6.6.6 1.5 0 2.1l-10 10c-.3.3-.6.4-1 .4z"></path></svg><span>需要写到数据库的原始查询在所有请求中占有相当大的比例。</span></li>
<li class="wp-block-nhsblocks-dontitem"><svg class="nhsuk-icon nhsuk-icon__cross" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M17 18.5c-.4 0-.8-.1-1.1-.4l-10-10c-.6-.6-.6-1.6 0-2.1.6-.6 1.5-.6 2.1 0l10 10c.6.6.6 1.5 0 2.1-.3.3-.6.4-1 .4z"></path><path d="M7 18.5c-.4 0-.8-.1-1.1-.4-.6-.6-.6-1.5 0-2.1l10-10c.6-.6 1.5-.6 2.1 0 .6.6.6 1.5 0 2.1l-10 10c-.3.3-.6.4-1 .4z"></path></svg><span>我有足够的资源来制作、构建和维护一个由多个后端节点组成的分布式系统。</span></li>
</ul></div>
<p>听起来不错？让我们开始吧。</p>
<p>在我们开始设计之前，我们必须了解什么是缓存，以及为什么它是有用的。缓存基本上是一个存储空间，它允许以较小的代价快速访问所需的信息。它允许我们提高可用性，使其 “永远在线”；提高性能，使其有更快的响应；提高可扩展性，使其能够满足更多的访问者和请求。通常情况下，缓存是一种通过占用内存空间来获得更快的速度的技巧，但有时，正确使用缓存也可以同时减少内存和计算资源的使用。</p>
<p>我们必须明白，缓存的最终目的是减轻我们后端的工作量，并防止服务器的任何部分过载。系统的任何部分过载都可能是灾难性的，因为它可能导致饥饿，即队列中的所有请求都无法得到满足，因为在接收端已经超时的情况下，处理不会开始。</p>
<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="nhs-block-anchor-0">使系统适合缓存。</h2>
<p>当系统只有一个后端时，只有有有限的情况需要考虑到分区容错性。这是因为所有写请求都将发送到同一个数据库，在那里它们可以按照不会发生干扰的顺序进行序列化和执行。</p>
<p>然而，尽管现代系统通常完全有能力处理这些请求，但我们必须考虑边缘情况，即两个用户可能发送了两个单独的请求，其中一个可能删除另一个的前提条件，但这是一般的软件工程和数据库系统的问题。</p>
<p>系统必须能够将读和写的请求分开，最好是通过可靠的自动化或由知道所有这些请求可能是什么的人来进行配置。对于一个网络服务来说，始终需要注意的是，有且仅有读取的请求才是真正可缓存的，而写入相关请求应该始终传递给后端。</p>
<p>实现这种结构的一个好方法是通过区分什么请求来实现的。如果配置得当，你将能够缓存所有的GET请求，并使通过的请求只用POST来完成。然而，如果有一种频繁的读取请求是通过POST请求发送的，这可能是有风险的，例如<a href="https://chise.hachiroku.uk/journal/eruthyll-wiki-april-6th/" data-type="post" data-id="1103">在Eruthyll Wiki的第一天</a>发生的那样。</p>
<p>另一种实现适当的缓存规则的方法是创建一个白名单或黑名单来列举所有应该或不应该被缓冲的URI。虽然有时这可以由缓存解决方案来处理，但要始终记住这些都不是可靠的方法，因此必须对结果进行验证，并在必要时添加例外。然而，在这种方法中，大多数POST请求仍然需要获得发送至后端的优先权。</p>
<p>该系统还需要能够正确处理资源锁，并确保所有数据库交易的ACID。使用现有的和成熟的解决方案是非常可取的，特别是当定制系统的可靠性不能得到保证时。</p>
<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="nhs-block-anchor-1">缓存作为预编译库。</h2>
<p>请注意，如果你使用的是现代版本的PHP（>=5.3），或者没有使用脚本语言，你不需要做任何事情来实现。但是为了介绍缓存的功能，这是一个好的开始。</p>
<p>现在只有极少数人还在写机器代码，即使他们做类似的事情，也大多是汇编。但对我们绝大多数人来说，我们习惯于写结构化的指令性程序，这通常需要编译。虽然即时编译已经是很成熟的东西了，但在不久的将来不会改变的是，编译仍然是一个NP完全的问题，这意味着我们无法在任何现实的多项式时间内解决它。</p>
<p>对于要编译成二进制的代码，有两种常用的方法。一种是直接编译成机器码，常见于计算机应用程序上；另一种是编译成字节码或操作码（opcode），一种可以很容易地转换为机器特定的代码。对于像PHP这样的脚本语言来说，是后者，PHP的可执行程序会按需解析并将脚本编译成操作码，然后运行时将执行操作码。如前所述，编译是一个NP完备的问题，如果我们对每个请求都这样做，无疑会有很多不必要的计算，或开销。由于编译器不是基于机器学习的结果，所以在使用同一编译器的源代码改变之前，操作代码不会改变，因此，可以缓存。</p>
<p>当然，这根本不是一个简单的任务，而且不同的变体和PHP版本的实现方式也不同。但让我们想一想缓存能为我们做什么：当我们有可能以对数或固定的时间进行查表时，可以节省和释放我们需要花费的所有时间和资源。</p>
<p>如果配置得当，我们还可以在服务器空闲时缓存脚本的操作代码，这样我们就不必在高峰时去看那些硬性的操作，事情可以像PHP是一种预编译的语言一样工作。当我们有非常可观的请求数量时，这可能是一个很大的救星！</p>
<p>虽然PHP现在有OPCache，但最好还是有手动清除opcode缓存的选项，特别是当一些脚本的内容发生了变化，更新了CMS或依赖关系。在开发环境中，值得考虑将其关闭，以利于调试，防止一些新的代码与缓存的旧片段不一致，或者变化没有得到反映。</p>
<p>现在我们知道了缓存的能力，让我们去看看超越标准程序的领域。</p>
<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="nhs-block-anchor-2">内部查询的缓存。</h2>
<p>网络系统经常遇到的瓶颈之一是底层数据库的性能问题。尽管我们在减少数据库的时间和内存复杂性方面取得了长足的进步，但查询，特别是由过滤、搜索以及从各种表中收集信息的页面产生的复杂查询，仍然需要非常可观的计算能力来完成，并且会从SSD或HDD等慢速介质中产生大量看似随机的读取。</p>
<p>然而，对于大多数应用程序和系统来说，用户的请求往往会非常频繁地产生类似的数据库查询。这通常是由一个默认显示给用户的摘要页面、用户特别感兴趣的过滤器以及其他某个经常被访问的页面或某个部分的情况所引起。这样的请求有时可能占到所有查询的一半以上，如果我们在每次被请求时都进行查询，我们可以想象压在数据库上的工作量。</p>
<p>所以，这里合理的解决方案是对查询结果进行缓存，特别是对常见的查询进行缓存。理想的目标是，频繁的查询可以击中缓存，并返回一个看似正确的结果，而不直接向数据库提交大量请求。这就是所谓的对象缓存。通常情况下，这是与Memcached或Redis一起实现的，但为你的网站选择哪一个主要取决于你的需求。这里是亚马逊AWS提供的比较：</p>
<figure class="wp-block-table is-style-nhsuk-table-responsive"><table><thead><tr><th>功能</th><th>Memcached</th><th>Redis</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>亚毫秒级的延迟</td><td>⬤</td><td>⬤</td></tr><tr><td>对开发者友好</td><td>⬤</td><td>⬤</td></tr><tr><td>数据分区</td><td>⬤</td><td>⬤</td></tr><tr><td>广泛支持多种编程语言</td><td>⬤</td><td>⬤</td></tr><tr><td>高级数据架构</td><td>–</td><td>⬤</td></tr><tr><td>多线程架构</td><td>⬤</td><td>–</td></tr><tr><td>快照</td><td>–</td><td>⬤</td></tr><tr><td>复制</td><td>–</td><td>⬤</td></tr><tr><td>交易</td><td>–</td><td>⬤</td></tr><tr><td>Pub/Sub</td><td>–</td><td>⬤</td></tr><tr><td>Lua脚本支持</td><td>–</td><td>⬤</td></tr><tr><td>地理空间支持</td><td>–</td><td>⬤</td></tr></tbody></table><figcaption class="wp-element-caption"><a href="https://aws.amazon.com/elasticache/redis-vs-memcached/">Amazon AWS：在 Redis 和 Memcached 之间进行选择。⬤代表支持</a></figcaption></figure>
<p>但这也给我们带来了挑战，即我们应该如何构建我们的查询。由于SQL查询通常需要很高的开销，有很多应用程序和插件都倾向于将查询的数量降到最低。在许多情况下，这将导致设计和生成相当长和复杂的查询。这有时意味着部分真正可以缓存的查询由于不断变化的部分而被重复进行。</p>
<p>我们还需要考虑应该缓存哪些查询，以及应该保留和放弃哪些缓存值，因为内存空间不是无限的。一些常见的策略包括：保持循环缓存（但与频率无关）；保留最近访问的条目（但一些频繁的条目可能会被清除掉）；保留在某一时期内访问频率最高的条目（但有些条目可能在相当长的时期内不活跃）；或者，手动维护一个已经被确定为值得缓存的查询列表。</p>
<p>在结束之前，我们必须充分认识到，我们必须只缓存那些不会对数据库做出任何永久性改变的请求，比如ALTER，CREATE INDEX，DELETE，DROP，EMPTY，INSERT和UPDATE。为什么呢？因为它们根本就不是可缓存的！</p>
<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="nhs-block-anchor-3">缓存作为结果的存储。</h2>
<p>正如我们之前所讨论的，一个页面可能需要几个请求才能完成，而且肯定需要PHP运行时来执行操作代码以计算请求的响应。然而，正如前面提到的，对于一个网络服务来说，肯定会有一些页面比其他页面更经常被访问，比如主页、列表页面或用户特别感兴趣的详细页面。缓存是利用内存空间来保存不必要的重复计算的技术，在这种情况下，我们存储计算的结果。</p>
<p>这就是为什么我们需要系统在大多数时候都是面向访客设计的，因为注销的访问者在这样的系统中不会得到个性化的回应。理论上，我们也可以为独立的组件创建缓存，但是我们必须权衡其优势和成本——过多的缓存条目会导致查找速度变慢，并使访问者感知的性能变差。如果我们要从一些片段中构建页面，那么最好是有一些边缘计算，而不是简单的缓存技术。</p>
<p>结果的缓存可以作为文章、页面或项目发布过程的一部分来生成，这样我们就不需要在第一次被请求时进行计算，这在服务器负载较高的时候尤其有用。我们还必须注意并发问题，因为多个客户端可能会请求非缓存页面，然后全部绕过缓存并进入生成阶段。克服这个问题的方法是将新的生成设置为异步，并保存在一个有 TTL 控制的队列中，以防止，同时为最后一次提供过期的版本。</p>
<p>还有一个选项是为本地提供的所有页面存储计算结果的副本（但有一些例外），允许网站的大部分操作就像静态网站一样，并有接近静态水平的性能。这个存储不必在内存中，也可以在SSD或Optane驱动器上，但如果查询表仍然在内存中，那将是最理想的，以便对缓存的结果和错过的请求有最佳的响应速度。</p>
<p>为了获得最佳性能，我们还可以使用内容分发网络（CDN）将这些结果数据发送到不同位置的多个边缘服务器，旨在使数据更接近用户。其中最常见的方法是在产生请求的时候保存一份响应的副本，并在边缘服务器的存储中留存一段给定的时间。这很容易理解，但不可避免的是，源的副本和边缘服务器或存在点提供的副本之间可能存在一些时间延迟。</p>
<p>缓存副本还可以确保服务的最关键功能具有更高的容错性，因为副本可以避免内容服务的单点故障，而且网站在原点发生事故时可以返回看似正确的响应。如果使用现有的商业 CDN 服务，我们必须了解它在边缘服务器的基本缓存策略，并相应地优化请求。我们可以选择在边缘服务器上使用 Workers 脚本，以适应更复杂的缓存策略，例如使用常见的页眉和页脚构建页面，而在其他地方使用不同的内容。</p>
<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="nhs-block-anchor-4">更新内容的缓存。</h2>
<p>信息的时间差有可能损害用户对他们从网站上获取的信息的信任，因此必须加以缓解。一个更耗费资源的方法是以固定的时间间隔让边缘服务器向源服务器发送请求，询问是否有变化，或者让源服务器对缓存没有变化的请求作出回应，并在没有更改的情况下发送给边缘服务器一个 <code>204 没有内容</code> 的响应，或你选择的其他合适的 HTTP 代码。但是，这将意味着对于所有的请求，将有一个等待的时间来获得来自原点的确认，而且我们不能假设边缘和原点之间的连接总是稳定的。</p>
<p>但在上述方法中，我们让边缘服务器不断地向源服务器提交请求，虽然负载很小，但还是有点耗费资源，特别是当有大量的存在点时。一个更好的方法是主动向边缘服务器推送变化，根据服务提供商或基础设施的情况，有两种方法可以做到这一点。一种是对变化的URL发送清除请求，让边缘服务器立即收集较新的副本（会有短暂激增）或在有人请求时获得新的副本（可能很慢）。虽然我们也可以采取折中法，可以通过提供一个滞后的副本，并在请求被发送时计算出一个新的结果，同时主动过期页面的新结果，但为什么要这么复杂呢？</p>
<p>在源服务器和边缘服务器上，我们必须正确地识别变化会影响的页面，并使与之相关的缓存失效。如果它只是一篇文章，那么通常它只是这个页面、档案，可能还有主页。但是，如果它是一个小部件，一个菜单，或者其他任何被一系列页面不断重复使用的东西，那么就有必要正确识别需要被清除的页面。如果我们不能确定这个范围，整个网站的清除可能值得考虑。在页面再生后，如果需要，我们需要通知边缘服务器。</p>
<p>当有大量的页面需要清理时，由于性能瓶颈，我们可能无法一次性对所有的页面进行重新计算。其中一个方法是将所有的请求排成队列，并通过cronjob小批量地处理它们。这样做的缺点是显而易见的——更新到达用户的速度会更慢，或者一些用户可能需要等待更多的时间才能得到响应。</p>
<p>我们还需要确定那些内容会定期改变的页面，比如带有日历的页面，或者内容可能随时间变化的事件页面。我们可以通过常规的 cronjob 和行动调度器的组合来进行这些改变，在需要的时候，页面可以被清除并提交后端再次生成。</p>
<p>毫无疑问，为了适应变化的需要，我们需要围绕缓存机制开发整个系统，而当很多组件是由第三方提供的解决方案时，这并不总是可能的。一个更简单、更合理的方法是为所有页面做更新，无论是手动引入的还是自动触发的变化，都要为缓存的副本引入生存时间（TTL）限制。在当前的缓存副本过期后，页面将被定期处理，进行同步或异步再生（如果没有变化，可以简单地更新TTL）。</p>
<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="nhs-block-anchor-5">调整 TTL 以达到最佳效果</h2>
<p>虽然有了上面所有的最佳实践，就不需要对 TTL 进行调整了，但在现实中，带 TTL 的缓存是处理内容变化的最常见的方式。然而，使用 TTL 也给我们带来了一个非常棘手的问题，即缓存内容的副本在得到重新评估之前应该有多长时间的有效期。</p>
<p>尽管对于不同的网页和类别来说，最合适的值肯定会有所不同，但以下是设置适当的 TTL 值时需要考虑的因素：</p>
<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li><strong>内容更新的频率：</strong> 如果该页面或类别的内容经常更新，应该配置一个较短的 TTL 。这将确保访问者总是看到你的内容的最新版本，并减少用户得到一个过时的内容副本和对所提供内容失去信任的可能性。</li>
<li><strong>缓存内容的有效性：</strong> 在某些情况下，我们可以清楚地知道缓存内容的有效期——例如，月历在可能每天0时失效，或者当天的事件可能需要在每小时的整点更新。对于这些，我们可以确定正确的有效时长并相应地设置 TTL 。</li>
<li><strong>内容的重要性：</strong> 如果有关内容很重要或经常被访问，可以配置一个较长的TTL。这将有助于通过减少提交计算的请求数量来提高网站的性能。</li>
<li><strong>计算的成本： </strong>如果一个页面需要大量的计算，比如需要读取数据库相当多的次数，或者包含一个具有高时间复杂性的算法，就应该配置一个较长的 TTL ，以减少服务器的负载，使服务器免受这些负担。</li>
<li><strong>内存的使用： </strong>TTL 的配置也会影响你网站的内存使用。如果你设置了一个很长的 TTL ，我们最终可能会缓存很多不经常访问的内容。这可能会导致内存的浪费。</li>
<li><strong>整体的服务器负载：</strong> 如果源服务器正在努力满足当前的请求，应该考虑延长 TTL 。在过时的数据和降级的服务可用性之间进行权衡，很明显，拒绝服务的严重性更大，增加 TTL 可以减少发送处理的请求数量。</li>
</ul>
<p>当一个内容已经过时时，重要性可能会发生变化，更新频率可能会由于没有人能够预测的因素而增加或减少，当更多的条目被添加到系统中时，可能会产生计算成本。各种因素和访问者行为的不断变化使得 TTL 成为一个需要不断调整的数值以实现我们努力的目标，因此我们应该持续监测分析数据并进行调整。</p>
<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="nhs-block-anchor-6">不变内容的优化</h2>
<p>上面的所有部分我们一直在讨论动态内容的缓存，但是我们还需要照顾通常不会改变的静态内容。这包括图像、CSS 和 JS 文件，以及一些仅特定于涵盖广泛页面或服务的较大范围的、持久的 JSON 和配置文件。</p>
<p>这些文件通常根本不需要任何计算来返回请求，所以它们不需要对象缓存，不需要缓存结果，TTL（在某种程度上）是无限的，我们唯一能做的就是数据复制并使这些数据在物理上更靠近访问者，以缩短响应时间并分配带宽。</p>
<p>但是，对于静态资源，某些特性与动态资源不同，可能需要应用不同的方法。动态响应的大小往往更小，响应时间优先于吞吐量（对访问者的延迟最小），不允许有损压缩，并且其中很少或没有无用部分。相比之下，静态资源往往更大，需要高吞吐量，可以以有损方式压缩，并且具有冗余部分。</p>
<p>不同的文件大小和网络要求意味着我们需要在边缘服务器对这些静态文件进行不同的配置，主要任务是如何在最短的时间内分发它们（达到最大的连接速度），不需要特别担心关于时间范围内的有效性。这意味着我们可能希望从不同的域和IP 提供这些服务，因此最好要求客户端为该域执行 DNS 预取。</p>
<p>我们可以对这些不变的内容进行一些优化，但对于每种内容类型，我们的选择都是不同的。对于图片，我们可以提供尺寸较小的格式。目前使用最广泛的优化文件格式是 webp ，近年来 avif 文件也得到了广泛的跨浏览器支持。但是要提供非常旧格式以外的格式，我们可以通过识别 <code>HTTP Accept</code> 标头，或通过 HTML 注释以及 JavaScript 创建替换功能的方式来将合适的内容提供给兼容的浏览器。</p>
<p>为了避免在加载过程中出现大量内容偏移，我们还可以创建图像占位符以及尺寸较小的动态请求，例如使用 SVG 创建一个色块或在 HTML 中嵌入 base64 格式的相应的低质量图像占位符 (LQIP) 文件。但是，生成 LQIP 会占用一些资源，嵌入会在一定程度上扩大所服务的动态内容的大小。</p>
<p>对于 CSS 文件，我们可以对所有文件应用 CSS 缩小技术。 CSS 最小化是删除不必要的格式（例如缩进空格和不必要的换行符）的过程。这是一种相当安全的技术，因为删除这些东西不会影响浏览器解析此文件的方式，因此会像以前一样运行。CSS 最小化可以在边缘服务器上实现，这是许多 CDN 服务提供的功能。此外，在情况允许的情况下，我们还可以缩短变量名以进一步减少一些字节。</p>
<p>然而，并非每个页面都需要 CSS 文件的所有内容，因为并非每个 CSS 文件中的所有选择器都存在于所有页面中，因此还有更多改进的空间，但不如以前安全。我们可以为特定类别的页面或一些非常受欢迎的页面生成最小化和缩小的副本，我们肯定知道某些元素不会显示，但如果我们不小心删除了一些正在使用或通过间接调用返回的，则会导致问题。我们也可以使用 CSS 内联来将相关部分与这些元素一起放置，但是当有多个冲突的 CSS 文件影响相同的元素时，呈现的结果可能与以前不同。因此，任何进一步的优化都需要在实施之前通过测试——否则一些元素很可能会和以前完全不一样。</p>
<p>对于 JavaScript 文件，首先要做的也是减少不影响解析的不必要的空格和换行，但接下来的事情就比较棘手了。与声明式的 CSS 不同，JavaScript 是命令式和声明式语法的混合，代码中有很多自定义符号，如函数和变量，更不用说一个 JavaScript 文件可能需要与优化器不知道的其他文件进行交互。同样，在这个环节我们需要明智地选择优化器并进行调整以排除所选优化器会破坏的代码部分。</p>
<p>对于音视频文件，可以考虑让客户端分段取文件，将频繁获取的文件的第一部分放在内存中。建议准备多个不同码率和大小的版本，这样我们就可以为不同的用户提供合适的版本。例如，我们可以为通过高速互联网连接的用户提供尽可能最好的质量，为使用蜂窝网络的用户提供较低质量的服务，然后为那些连接不良的用户提供更小的尺寸。建议以低于关键 CSS 和 JS 文件的优先级来获取这些文件，因为它们可能需要很长时间并占用大量带宽来处理。</p>
<p>最后，有些文件除了使用不同的边缘服务器外几乎无法得到任何优化，这些文件是二进制文件、压缩文件或具有完整性要求的文件。但是就像我们的对象缓存一样，我们总是可以在内存中放置一些经常被请求的文件和一个索引，以便更快地访问。</p>
<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="nhs-block-anchor-7">总结与结论</h2>
<p>由于我们涵盖了很多主题，因此让我们回顾一下我们讨论过的所有内容。</p>
<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>在处理和计算方面，在层次上：<br>对象缓存 -> 页面缓存（结果缓存） -> 边缘服务器上的副本</li>
<li>就不同种类的资源而言，分等级：<br>动态缓存、静态资源缓存、优化后的静态资源缓存</li>
<li>我们还讨论了我们应该如何处理内容更新。</li>
</ul>
<p>基本上，多层结构是建立是在我们在可能的范围内试图通过缓存的实现来减少重复计算的需要并使数据更接近各级用户的同时，旨在最大程度地提高性能，可用性，可靠性和一致性。</p>
<p>尽管我们已经涵盖了很多概念和资料，但影响缓存技术应用的因素确实很多，而且肯定需要大量练习才能很好地掌握它。</p>
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</item><item>
<title>公爵为王的兰开斯特</title>
<link>https://chise.hachiroku.uk/zh/gallery/lancaster/</link>
<comments>https://chise.hachiroku.uk/zh/gallery/lancaster/#respond</comments>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[Chise Hachiroku]]></dc:creator>
<pubDate>Mon, 01 May 2023 11:58:25 +0000</pubDate>
<category><![CDATA[我的小小相簿]]></category>
<category><![CDATA[旅行]]></category>
<category><![CDATA[英国]]></category>
<category><![CDATA[风景]]></category>
<guid isPermaLink="false">https://chise.hachiroku.uk/?p=4328</guid>
<description><![CDATA[这是一个历史悠久的小镇，却常常被人遗忘。]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>兰开斯特是英格兰兰开夏郡的一座城市。它位于卢恩河畔，在曼彻斯特以北约 50 英里（80 公里）和卡莱尔以南 40 英里（64 公里）处。该市人口约为 50,000 人。</p>
<p>兰开斯特是著名的旅游胜地，以其历史悠久的市中心、大学和周边乡村而闻名。市内有许多历史建筑，包括兰开斯特城堡、兰开斯特修道院和兰开斯特市博物馆。兰卡斯特大学是一所罗素集团大学，也是英国顶尖大学之一。城市周围还有美丽的乡村，包括湖区国家公园（Lake District National Park）和约克郡山谷国家公园（Yorkshire Dales National Park）。</p>
<p>兰开斯特最有趣的事实之一是兰开斯特公国，在撰写本报告时，它由现任君主查尔斯三世国王持有。兰开斯特公国与康威尔公国、国王的个人庄园和主权赠与一样，都是王室的重要收入。</p>
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<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><a href="https://chise.hachiroku.uk/20230414_210350-2/"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" data-id="1439" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230414_210350-1024x768.png" alt="" class="wp-image-1439" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230414_210350-1024x768.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230414_210350-300x225.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230414_210350-768x576.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230414_210350-1536x1152.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230414_210350-2048x1536.png 2048w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230414_210350-16x12.png 16w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230414_210350-1568x1176.png 1568w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></a></figure>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><a href="https://chise.hachiroku.uk/20230414_153637-2/"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" data-id="1447" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230414_153637-1024x768.png" alt="" class="wp-image-1447" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230414_153637-1024x768.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230414_153637-300x225.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230414_153637-768x576.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230414_153637-1536x1152.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230414_153637-2048x1536.png 2048w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230414_153637-16x12.png 16w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230414_153637-1568x1176.png 1568w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></a><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">这就是过去市场上的砝码定义，并以此作为裁判。过去的测量方法是根据实物来定义的，因此这些测量方法是根据伦敦的样本来校准的。</figcaption></figure>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><a href="https://chise.hachiroku.uk/20230414_153601-2/"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" data-id="1448" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230414_153601-1024x768.png" alt="" class="wp-image-1448" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230414_153601-1024x768.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230414_153601-300x225.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230414_153601-768x576.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230414_153601-1536x1152.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230414_153601-2048x1536.png 2048w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230414_153601-16x12.png 16w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230414_153601-1568x1176.png 1568w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></a><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">过去，为了促进公平交易，每个城镇都有一个这样的机构。过去的测量是通过实物来定义的，因此这些测量都是根据伦敦的样本来校准的，这已经写入了法律。</figcaption></figure>
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<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><a href="https://chise.hachiroku.uk/20230414_143856-2/"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" data-id="1453" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230414_143856-1024x768.png" alt="" class="wp-image-1453" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230414_143856-1024x768.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230414_143856-300x225.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230414_143856-768x576.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230414_143856-1536x1152.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230414_143856-2048x1536.png 2048w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230414_143856-16x12.png 16w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230414_143856-1568x1176.png 1568w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></a></figure>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><a href="https://chise.hachiroku.uk/20230414_113932-2/"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" data-id="1454" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230414_113932-1024x768.png" alt="" class="wp-image-1454" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230414_113932-1024x768.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230414_113932-300x225.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230414_113932-768x576.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230414_113932-1536x1152.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230414_113932-2048x1536.png 2048w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230414_113932-16x12.png 16w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230414_113932-1568x1176.png 1568w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></a></figure>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><a href="https://chise.hachiroku.uk/20230414_113911-2/"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" data-id="1455" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230414_113911-1024x768.png" alt="" class="wp-image-1455" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230414_113911-1024x768.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230414_113911-300x225.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230414_113911-768x576.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230414_113911-1536x1152.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230414_113911-2048x1536.png 2048w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230414_113911-16x12.png 16w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230414_113911-1568x1176.png 1568w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></a></figure>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><a href="https://chise.hachiroku.uk/20230414_105206-2/"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" data-id="1456" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230414_105206-1024x768.png" alt="" class="wp-image-1456" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230414_105206-1024x768.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230414_105206-300x225.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230414_105206-768x576.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230414_105206-1536x1152.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230414_105206-2048x1536.png 2048w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230414_105206-16x12.png 16w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230414_105206-1568x1176.png 1568w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></a></figure>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><a href="https://chise.hachiroku.uk/20230414_104452-2/"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" data-id="1457" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230414_104452-1024x768.png" alt="" class="wp-image-1457" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230414_104452-1024x768.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230414_104452-300x225.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230414_104452-768x576.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230414_104452-1536x1152.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230414_104452-2048x1536.png 2048w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230414_104452-16x12.png 16w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230414_104452-1568x1176.png 1568w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></a></figure>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><a href="https://chise.hachiroku.uk/20230414_104030-2/"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" data-id="1458" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230414_104030-1024x768.png" alt="" class="wp-image-1458" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230414_104030-1024x768.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230414_104030-300x225.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230414_104030-768x576.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230414_104030-1536x1152.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230414_104030-2048x1536.png 2048w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230414_104030-16x12.png 16w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230414_104030-1568x1176.png 1568w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></a><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">这里曾是兰开斯特港口。再往下就是海关旧址。</figcaption></figure>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><a href="https://chise.hachiroku.uk/20230414_103841-2/"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" data-id="1460" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230414_103841-1024x768.png" alt="" class="wp-image-1460" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230414_103841-1024x768.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230414_103841-300x225.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230414_103841-768x576.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230414_103841-1536x1152.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230414_103841-2048x1536.png 2048w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230414_103841-16x12.png 16w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230414_103841-1568x1176.png 1568w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></a></figure>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><a href="https://chise.hachiroku.uk/20230414_103628-2/"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" data-id="1461" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230414_103628-1024x768.png" alt="" class="wp-image-1461" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230414_103628-1024x768.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230414_103628-300x225.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230414_103628-768x576.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230414_103628-1536x1152.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230414_103628-2048x1536.png 2048w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230414_103628-16x12.png 16w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230414_103628-1568x1176.png 1568w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></a></figure>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><a href="https://chise.hachiroku.uk/20230413_194947-2/"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" data-id="1462" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_194947-1024x768.png" alt="" class="wp-image-1462" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_194947-1024x768.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_194947-300x225.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_194947-768x576.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_194947-1536x1152.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_194947-2048x1536.png 2048w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_194947-16x12.png 16w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_194947-1568x1176.png 1568w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></a></figure>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><a href="https://chise.hachiroku.uk/20230413_194544-2/"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" data-id="1464" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_194544-1024x768.png" alt="" class="wp-image-1464" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_194544-1024x768.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_194544-300x225.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_194544-768x576.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_194544-1536x1152.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_194544-2048x1536.png 2048w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_194544-16x12.png 16w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_194544-1568x1176.png 1568w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></a></figure>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><a href="https://chise.hachiroku.uk/20230413_164702-2/"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" data-id="1465" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_164702-1024x768.png" alt="" class="wp-image-1465" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_164702-1024x768.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_164702-300x225.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_164702-768x576.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_164702-1536x1152.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_164702-2048x1536.png 2048w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_164702-16x12.png 16w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_164702-1568x1176.png 1568w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></a></figure>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><a href="https://chise.hachiroku.uk/20230413_163301-2/"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" data-id="1466" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_163301-1024x768.png" alt="" class="wp-image-1466" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_163301-1024x768.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_163301-300x225.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_163301-768x576.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_163301-1536x1152.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_163301-2048x1536.png 2048w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_163301-16x12.png 16w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_163301-1568x1176.png 1568w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></a></figure>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><a href="https://chise.hachiroku.uk/20230413_115946-2/"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" data-id="1474" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_115946-1024x768.png" alt="" class="wp-image-1474" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_115946-1024x768.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_115946-300x225.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_115946-768x576.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_115946-1536x1152.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_115946-2048x1536.png 2048w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_115946-16x12.png 16w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_115946-1568x1176.png 1568w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></a></figure>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><a href="https://chise.hachiroku.uk/20230413_125852-2/"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" data-id="1469" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_125852-1024x768.png" alt="" class="wp-image-1469" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_125852-1024x768.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_125852-300x225.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_125852-768x576.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_125852-1536x1152.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_125852-2048x1536.png 2048w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_125852-16x12.png 16w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_125852-1568x1176.png 1568w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></a><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">兰开斯特维多利亚农舍博物馆（Lancaster Victoria Cottage Museum）是一座非常有趣的博物馆。</figcaption></figure>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><a href="https://chise.hachiroku.uk/20230413_130127-2/"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" data-id="1468" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_130127-1024x768.png" alt="" class="wp-image-1468" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_130127-1024x768.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_130127-300x225.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_130127-768x576.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_130127-1536x1152.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_130127-2048x1536.png 2048w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_130127-16x12.png 16w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_130127-1568x1176.png 1568w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></a><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">维多利亚别墅博物馆反映了维多利亚时代的生活状况。</figcaption></figure>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><a href="https://chise.hachiroku.uk/20230413_121552-2/"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" data-id="1473" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_121552-1024x768.png" alt="" class="wp-image-1473" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_121552-1024x768.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_121552-300x225.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_121552-768x576.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_121552-1536x1152.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_121552-2048x1536.png 2048w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_121552-16x12.png 16w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_121552-1568x1176.png 1568w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></a></figure>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><a href="https://chise.hachiroku.uk/20230413_123534-1/"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" data-id="1472" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_123534-1-1024x768.png" alt="" class="wp-image-1472" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_123534-1-1024x768.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_123534-1-300x225.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_123534-1-768x576.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_123534-1-1536x1152.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_123534-1-2048x1536.png 2048w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_123534-1-16x12.png 16w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_123534-1-1568x1176.png 1568w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></a></figure>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><a href="https://chise.hachiroku.uk/20230413_115614-2/"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" data-id="1475" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_115614-1024x768.png" alt="" class="wp-image-1475" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_115614-1024x768.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_115614-300x225.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_115614-768x576.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_115614-1536x1152.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_115614-2048x1536.png 2048w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_115614-16x12.png 16w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_115614-1568x1176.png 1568w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></a></figure>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><a href="https://chise.hachiroku.uk/20230413_115500-2/"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" data-id="1476" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_115500-1024x768.png" alt="" class="wp-image-1476" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_115500-1024x768.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_115500-300x225.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_115500-768x576.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_115500-1536x1152.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_115500-2048x1536.png 2048w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_115500-16x12.png 16w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_115500-1568x1176.png 1568w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></a></figure>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><a href="https://chise.hachiroku.uk/20230413_115111-2/"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" data-id="1477" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_115111-1024x768.png" alt="" class="wp-image-1477" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_115111-1024x768.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_115111-300x225.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_115111-768x576.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_115111-1536x1152.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_115111-2048x1536.png 2048w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_115111-16x12.png 16w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_115111-1568x1176.png 1568w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></a></figure>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><a href="https://chise.hachiroku.uk/20230413_115006-2/"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" data-id="1478" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_115006-1024x768.png" alt="" class="wp-image-1478" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_115006-1024x768.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_115006-300x225.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_115006-768x576.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_115006-1536x1152.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_115006-2048x1536.png 2048w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_115006-16x12.png 16w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_115006-1568x1176.png 1568w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></a><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">国王皇家军团（兰开斯特）的寝室。这扇橱窗记录了 1899 年至 1902 年期间派往南非的一次相当近期的部署，与现在此类物品的部署时间非常接近。</figcaption></figure>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><a href="https://chise.hachiroku.uk/20230413_114257-2/"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" data-id="1479" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_114257-1024x768.png" alt="" class="wp-image-1479" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_114257-1024x768.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_114257-300x225.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_114257-768x576.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_114257-1536x1152.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_114257-2048x1536.png 2048w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_114257-16x12.png 16w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_114257-1568x1176.png 1568w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></a></figure>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><a href="https://chise.hachiroku.uk/20230413_113701-2/"><img decoding="async" data-id="1480" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_113701-1024x768.png" alt="" class="wp-image-1480"></a><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">兰开斯特城堡的<em>杀人洞</em>：卫兵们会用热水或其他东西泼向试图冲开大门的军队，以造成伤害。这将是城堡中人们的最后一道防线。</figcaption></figure>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><a href="https://chise.hachiroku.uk/20230413_113614-2/"><img decoding="async" data-id="1481" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_113614-1024x768.png" alt="" class="wp-image-1481"></a><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">女王伊丽莎白二世生前是兰开斯特<strong>公爵</strong>。</figcaption></figure>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><a href="https://chise.hachiroku.uk/20230413_113215-2/"><img decoding="async" data-id="1482" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_113215-1024x768.png" alt="" class="wp-image-1482"></a><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">城堡归还公国时，他们发现了这个灌满水的洞，以为是井之类的东西。当他们把水取出来时，才发现这是一个地牢的唯一入口，在猎杀女巫期间，这个地牢被用来锁住所谓的 “女巫”。</figcaption></figure>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><a href="https://chise.hachiroku.uk/20230413_112914-2/"><img decoding="async" data-id="1483" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_112914-1024x768.png" alt="" class="wp-image-1483"></a></figure>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><a href="https://chise.hachiroku.uk/20230413_111118-2/"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" data-id="1423" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_111118-1024x768.png" alt="" class="wp-image-1423" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_111118-1024x768.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_111118-300x225.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_111118-768x576.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_111118-1536x1152.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_111118-2048x1536.png 2048w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_111118-16x12.png 16w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_111118-1568x1176.png 1568w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></a><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">兰开斯特警察博物馆，曾是兰开斯特城堡监狱。</figcaption></figure>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><a href="https://chise.hachiroku.uk/20230413_111207-2/"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" data-id="1422" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_111207-1024x768.png" alt="" class="wp-image-1422" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_111207-1024x768.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_111207-300x225.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_111207-768x576.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_111207-1536x1152.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_111207-2048x1536.png 2048w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_111207-16x12.png 16w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_111207-1568x1176.png 1568w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></a><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">这块宝石是为了纪念伊丽莎白二世女王陛下的白金庆典。</figcaption></figure>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><a href="https://chise.hachiroku.uk/20230413_100105-2/"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" data-id="1424" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_100105-1024x768.png" alt="" class="wp-image-1424" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_100105-1024x768.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_100105-300x225.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_100105-768x576.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_100105-1536x1152.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_100105-2048x1536.png 2048w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_100105-16x12.png 16w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_100105-1568x1176.png 1568w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></a></figure>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><a href="https://chise.hachiroku.uk/20230413_095958-2/"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" data-id="1425" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_095958-1024x768.png" alt="" class="wp-image-1425" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_095958-1024x768.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_095958-300x225.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_095958-768x576.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_095958-1536x1152.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_095958-2048x1536.png 2048w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_095958-16x12.png 16w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_095958-1568x1176.png 1568w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></a></figure>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><a href="https://chise.hachiroku.uk/20230413_124224-2/"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" data-id="1470" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_124224-1024x768.png" alt="" class="wp-image-1470" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_124224-1024x768.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_124224-300x225.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_124224-768x576.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_124224-1536x1152.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_124224-2048x1536.png 2048w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_124224-16x12.png 16w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_124224-1568x1176.png 1568w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></a><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">斯托里花园。请考虑访问其网站<a rel="noreferrer noopener" href="http://www.storeygardens.org/" target="_blank">http://www.storeygardens.org/</a>。</figcaption></figure>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><a href="https://chise.hachiroku.uk/20230413_091733-2/"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" data-id="1431" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_091733-1024x768.png" alt="" class="wp-image-1431" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_091733-1024x768.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_091733-300x225.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_091733-768x576.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_091733-1536x1152.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_091733-2048x1536.png 2048w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_091733-16x12.png 16w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_091733-1568x1176.png 1568w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></a></figure>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><a href="https://chise.hachiroku.uk/20230413_093248-2/"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" data-id="1426" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_093248-1024x768.png" alt="" class="wp-image-1426" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_093248-1024x768.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_093248-300x225.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_093248-768x576.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_093248-1536x1152.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_093248-2048x1536.png 2048w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_093248-16x12.png 16w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_093248-1568x1176.png 1568w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></a></figure>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><a href="https://chise.hachiroku.uk/20230413_092558-2/"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" data-id="1427" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_092558-1024x768.png" alt="" class="wp-image-1427" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_092558-1024x768.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_092558-300x225.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_092558-768x576.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_092558-1536x1152.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_092558-2048x1536.png 2048w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_092558-16x12.png 16w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_092558-1568x1176.png 1568w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></a></figure>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><a href="https://chise.hachiroku.uk/20230413_092316-2/"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" data-id="1428" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_092316-1024x768.png" alt="" class="wp-image-1428" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_092316-1024x768.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_092316-300x225.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_092316-768x576.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_092316-1536x1152.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_092316-2048x1536.png 2048w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_092316-16x12.png 16w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_092316-1568x1176.png 1568w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></a></figure>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><a href="https://chise.hachiroku.uk/20230413_091907-2/"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" data-id="1429" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_091907-1024x768.png" alt="" class="wp-image-1429" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_091907-1024x768.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_091907-300x225.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_091907-768x576.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_091907-1536x1152.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_091907-2048x1536.png 2048w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_091907-16x12.png 16w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_091907-1568x1176.png 1568w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></a></figure>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><a href="https://chise.hachiroku.uk/20230413_091754-2/"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" data-id="1430" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_091754-1024x768.png" alt="" class="wp-image-1430" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_091754-1024x768.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_091754-300x225.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_091754-768x576.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_091754-1536x1152.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_091754-2048x1536.png 2048w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_091754-16x12.png 16w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_091754-1568x1176.png 1568w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></a></figure>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><a href="https://chise.hachiroku.uk/20230413_091237-2/"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" data-id="1432" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_091237-1024x768.png" alt="" class="wp-image-1432" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_091237-1024x768.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_091237-300x225.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_091237-768x576.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_091237-1536x1152.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_091237-2048x1536.png 2048w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_091237-16x12.png 16w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_091237-1568x1176.png 1568w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></a><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">兰开斯特保留了古代英格兰城市的风貌。</figcaption></figure>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><a href="https://chise.hachiroku.uk/20230413_090626-2/"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" data-id="1433" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_090626-1024x768.png" alt="" class="wp-image-1433" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_090626-1024x768.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_090626-300x225.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_090626-768x576.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_090626-1536x1152.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_090626-2048x1536.png 2048w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_090626-16x12.png 16w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230413_090626-1568x1176.png 1568w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></a></figure>
</figure>
]]></content:encoded>
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</item><item>
<title>我看到的最后一场大雪</title>
<link>https://chise.hachiroku.uk/zh/gallery/last-snow/</link>
<comments>https://chise.hachiroku.uk/zh/gallery/last-snow/#respond</comments>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[Chise Hachiroku]]></dc:creator>
<pubDate>Mon, 27 Mar 2023 11:12:22 +0000</pubDate>
<category><![CDATA[我的小小相簿]]></category>
<category><![CDATA[中国]]></category>
<category><![CDATA[生活方式]]></category>
<category><![CDATA[风景]]></category>
<guid isPermaLink="false">https://chise.hachiroku.uk/?p=4332</guid>
<description><![CDATA[洁白、纯净、美丽的表演。]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>这是我看到的最后一场大规模的雪。那是五年前的事了。</p>
<p>我从来没有想到，在未来的五年里，我再也看不到这么多雪了。</p>
<p>雪是大气中的水蒸气凝结后形成的。特定地区的降雪量取决于多种因素，包括气温、空气中的含水量以及是否存在可导致降水的山脉或其他地貌。</p>
<p>随着地球大气层的变暖，空气中的水蒸气量也随之增加。这意味着有更多的水分可以形成雪。然而，温度升高也会导致雪融化得更快。这意味着可在地面上积聚的雪更少。</p>
<p>下雪次数的减少是全球变暖影响的一个明显例子。地球大气正在以惊人的速度变暖，这导致地球气候发生了一些变化。这些变化对地球和生活在地球上的人们产生了重大影响。</p>
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<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" data-id="1366" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/IMG_20180126_114150-1024x768.png" alt="" class="wp-image-1366" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/IMG_20180126_114150-1024x768.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/IMG_20180126_114150-300x225.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/IMG_20180126_114150-768x576.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/IMG_20180126_114150-1536x1152.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/IMG_20180126_114150-2048x1536.png 2048w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/IMG_20180126_114150-16x12.png 16w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/IMG_20180126_114150-1568x1176.png 1568w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></figure>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" data-id="1365" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/IMG_20180126_122144_1-1024x768.png" alt="" class="wp-image-1365" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/IMG_20180126_122144_1-1024x768.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/IMG_20180126_122144_1-300x225.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/IMG_20180126_122144_1-768x576.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/IMG_20180126_122144_1-1536x1152.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/IMG_20180126_122144_1-2048x1536.png 2048w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/IMG_20180126_122144_1-16x12.png 16w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/IMG_20180126_122144_1-1568x1176.png 1568w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></figure>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" data-id="1364" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/IMG_20180126_122205-1024x768.png" alt="" class="wp-image-1364" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/IMG_20180126_122205-1024x768.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/IMG_20180126_122205-300x225.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/IMG_20180126_122205-768x576.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/IMG_20180126_122205-1536x1152.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/IMG_20180126_122205-2048x1536.png 2048w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/IMG_20180126_122205-16x12.png 16w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/IMG_20180126_122205-1568x1176.png 1568w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></figure>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" data-id="1363" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/IMG_20180127_130851-1024x768.png" alt="" class="wp-image-1363" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/IMG_20180127_130851-1024x768.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/IMG_20180127_130851-300x225.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/IMG_20180127_130851-768x576.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/IMG_20180127_130851-1536x1152.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/IMG_20180127_130851-2048x1536.png 2048w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/IMG_20180127_130851-16x12.png 16w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/IMG_20180127_130851-1568x1176.png 1568w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></figure>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" data-id="1362" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/IMG_20180127_130925-1024x768.png" alt="" class="wp-image-1362" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/IMG_20180127_130925-1024x768.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/IMG_20180127_130925-300x225.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/IMG_20180127_130925-768x576.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/IMG_20180127_130925-1536x1152.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/IMG_20180127_130925-2048x1536.png 2048w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/IMG_20180127_130925-16x12.png 16w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/IMG_20180127_130925-1568x1176.png 1568w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></figure>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" data-id="1361" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/IMG_20180127_130938-1024x768.png" alt="" class="wp-image-1361" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/IMG_20180127_130938-1024x768.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/IMG_20180127_130938-300x225.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/IMG_20180127_130938-768x576.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/IMG_20180127_130938-1536x1152.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/IMG_20180127_130938-2048x1536.png 2048w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/IMG_20180127_130938-16x12.png 16w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/IMG_20180127_130938-1568x1176.png 1568w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></figure>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" data-id="1360" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/IMG_20180127_130948-1024x768.png" alt="" class="wp-image-1360" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/IMG_20180127_130948-1024x768.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/IMG_20180127_130948-300x225.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/IMG_20180127_130948-768x576.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/IMG_20180127_130948-1536x1152.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/IMG_20180127_130948-2048x1536.png 2048w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/IMG_20180127_130948-16x12.png 16w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/IMG_20180127_130948-1568x1176.png 1568w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></figure>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" data-id="1359" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/IMG_20180127_131412-1024x768.png" alt="" class="wp-image-1359" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/IMG_20180127_131412-1024x768.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/IMG_20180127_131412-300x225.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/IMG_20180127_131412-768x576.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/IMG_20180127_131412-1536x1152.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/IMG_20180127_131412-2048x1536.png 2048w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/IMG_20180127_131412-16x12.png 16w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/IMG_20180127_131412-1568x1176.png 1568w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></figure>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" data-id="1358" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/IMG_20180127_131424-1024x768.png" alt="" class="wp-image-1358" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/IMG_20180127_131424-1024x768.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/IMG_20180127_131424-300x225.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/IMG_20180127_131424-768x576.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/IMG_20180127_131424-1536x1152.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/IMG_20180127_131424-2048x1536.png 2048w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/IMG_20180127_131424-16x12.png 16w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/IMG_20180127_131424-1568x1176.png 1568w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></figure>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" data-id="1356" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/IMG_20180127_131428-1024x768.png" alt="" class="wp-image-1356" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/IMG_20180127_131428-1024x768.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/IMG_20180127_131428-300x225.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/IMG_20180127_131428-768x576.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/IMG_20180127_131428-1536x1152.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/IMG_20180127_131428-2048x1536.png 2048w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/IMG_20180127_131428-16x12.png 16w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/IMG_20180127_131428-1568x1176.png 1568w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></figure>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" data-id="1355" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/IMG_20180127_131431-1024x768.png" alt="" class="wp-image-1355" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/IMG_20180127_131431-1024x768.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/IMG_20180127_131431-300x225.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/IMG_20180127_131431-768x576.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/IMG_20180127_131431-1536x1152.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/IMG_20180127_131431-2048x1536.png 2048w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/IMG_20180127_131431-16x12.png 16w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/IMG_20180127_131431-1568x1176.png 1568w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></figure>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" data-id="1354" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/IMG_20180127_180345-1024x768.png" alt="" class="wp-image-1354" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/IMG_20180127_180345-1024x768.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/IMG_20180127_180345-300x225.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/IMG_20180127_180345-768x576.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/IMG_20180127_180345-1536x1152.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/IMG_20180127_180345-2048x1536.png 2048w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/IMG_20180127_180345-16x12.png 16w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/IMG_20180127_180345-1568x1176.png 1568w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></figure>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" data-id="1348" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/IMG_20180128_131458-1024x768.png" alt="" class="wp-image-1348" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/IMG_20180128_131458-1024x768.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/IMG_20180128_131458-300x225.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/IMG_20180128_131458-768x576.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/IMG_20180128_131458-1536x1152.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/IMG_20180128_131458-2048x1536.png 2048w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/IMG_20180128_131458-16x12.png 16w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/IMG_20180128_131458-1568x1176.png 1568w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></figure>
</figure>
]]></content:encoded>
<wfw:commentRss>https://chise.hachiroku.uk/zh/gallery/last-snow/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
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</item><item>
<title>斯诺多尼亚、兰贝里斯和布林雷费尔（英国威尔士）</title>
<link>https://chise.hachiroku.uk/zh/gallery/snowdonia/</link>
<comments>https://chise.hachiroku.uk/zh/gallery/snowdonia/#comments</comments>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[Chise Hachiroku]]></dc:creator>
<pubDate>Mon, 27 Mar 2023 01:41:56 +0000</pubDate>
<category><![CDATA[我的小小相簿]]></category>
<category><![CDATA[旅行]]></category>
<category><![CDATA[英国]]></category>
<category><![CDATA[风景]]></category>
<guid isPermaLink="false">https://chise.hachiroku.uk/?p=4335</guid>
<description><![CDATA[在英国，除了古老的建筑，还有其他场景。]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>这组照片是我在威尔士一日游时拍摄的，由我所在宿舍的学生代表组织。我不太喜欢跟团旅行，所以决定一个人去观光。这个决定没有错–我看到了我所见过的最美的风景。</p>
<p>总体而言，与曼彻斯特、利物浦或切斯特相比，那里的发展程度要低得多，但那里的场景却令人惊叹。我可以了解到几十年前或几百年前的场景或故事，那时还没有工业革命或信息技术。</p>
<figure class="wp-block-gallery alignwide has-nested-images columns-2 is-cropped wp-block-gallery-23 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex"><figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" data-id="1551" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_163455-2-1024x768.png" alt="" class="wp-image-1551" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_163455-2-1024x768.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_163455-2-300x225.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_163455-2-768x576.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_163455-2-1536x1152.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_163455-2-2048x1536.png 2048w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_163455-2-16x12.png 16w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_163455-2-1568x1176.png 1568w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">美丽的水道</figcaption></figure>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" data-id="1547" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_170009-1-1024x768.png" alt="" class="wp-image-1547" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_170009-1-1024x768.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_170009-1-300x225.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_170009-1-768x576.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_170009-1-1536x1152.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_170009-1-2048x1536.png 2048w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_170009-1-16x12.png 16w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_170009-1-1568x1176.png 1568w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">皇家维多利亚酒店的椅子</figcaption></figure>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" data-id="1548" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_165941-1-1024x768.png" alt="" class="wp-image-1548" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_165941-1-1024x768.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_165941-1-300x225.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_165941-1-768x576.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_165941-1-1536x1152.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_165941-1-2048x1536.png 2048w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_165941-1-16x12.png 16w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_165941-1-1568x1176.png 1568w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">皇家维多利亚酒店</figcaption></figure>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" data-id="1550" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_165545-1-1024x768.png" alt="" class="wp-image-1550" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_165545-1-1024x768.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_165545-1-300x225.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_165545-1-768x576.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_165545-1-1536x1152.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_165545-1-2048x1536.png 2048w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_165545-1-16x12.png 16w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_165545-1-1568x1176.png 1568w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">更多水道</figcaption></figure>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" data-id="1546" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_160829-1-1024x768.png" alt="" class="wp-image-1546" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_160829-1-1024x768.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_160829-1-300x225.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_160829-1-768x576.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_160829-1-1536x1152.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_160829-1-2048x1536.png 2048w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_160829-1-16x12.png 16w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_160829-1-1568x1176.png 1568w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">第一次看到 Co-op 商店……？</figcaption></figure>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" data-id="1556" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_153243-1-1024x768.png" alt="" class="wp-image-1556" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_153243-1-1024x768.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_153243-1-300x225.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_153243-1-768x576.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_153243-1-1536x1152.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_153243-1-2048x1536.png 2048w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_153243-1-16x12.png 16w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_153243-1-1568x1176.png 1568w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">高速公路下面的洞穴，供自行车和人通行。</figcaption></figure>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" data-id="1557" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_145408-1-1024x768.png" alt="" class="wp-image-1557" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_145408-1-1024x768.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_145408-1-300x225.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_145408-1-768x576.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_145408-1-1536x1152.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_145408-1-2048x1536.png 2048w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_145408-1-16x12.png 16w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_145408-1-1568x1176.png 1568w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">威尔士到处都是猫科动物</figcaption></figure>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" data-id="1558" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_144542-1024x768.png" alt="" class="wp-image-1558" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_144542-1024x768.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_144542-300x225.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_144542-768x576.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_144542-1536x1152.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_144542-2048x1536.png 2048w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_144542-16x12.png 16w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_144542-1568x1176.png 1568w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">天空真蓝啊</figcaption></figure>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" data-id="1553" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_144524-1-1024x768.png" alt="" class="wp-image-1553" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_144524-1-1024x768.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_144524-1-300x225.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_144524-1-768x576.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_144524-1-1536x1152.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_144524-1-2048x1536.png 2048w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_144524-1-16x12.png 16w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_144524-1-1568x1176.png 1568w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">不知怎的，我觉得这很美。</figcaption></figure>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" data-id="1554" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_144114-1024x768.png" alt="" class="wp-image-1554" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_144114-1024x768.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_144114-300x225.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_144114-768x576.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_144114-1536x1152.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_144114-2048x1536.png 2048w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_144114-16x12.png 16w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_144114-1568x1176.png 1568w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">这样的道路长达数英里，没有一个公交站点</figcaption></figure>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" data-id="1574" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_140325-1-1024x768.png" alt="" class="wp-image-1574" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_140325-1-1024x768.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_140325-1-300x225.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_140325-1-768x576.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_140325-1-1536x1152.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_140325-1-2048x1536.png 2048w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_140325-1-16x12.png 16w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_140325-1-1568x1176.png 1568w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">路边风景</figcaption></figure>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" data-id="1568" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_142235-1024x768.png" alt="" class="wp-image-1568" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_142235-1024x768.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_142235-300x225.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_142235-768x576.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_142235-1536x1152.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_142235-2048x1536.png 2048w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_142235-16x12.png 16w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_142235-1568x1176.png 1568w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">路边风景</figcaption></figure>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" data-id="1565" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_142431-1-1024x768.png" alt="" class="wp-image-1565" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_142431-1-1024x768.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_142431-1-300x225.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_142431-1-768x576.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_142431-1-1536x1152.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_142431-1-2048x1536.png 2048w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_142431-1-16x12.png 16w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_142431-1-1568x1176.png 1568w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">更多 Llyn Padarn</figcaption></figure>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" data-id="1564" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_142524-1024x768.png" alt="" class="wp-image-1564" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_142524-1024x768.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_142524-300x225.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_142524-768x576.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_142524-1536x1152.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_142524-2048x1536.png 2048w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_142524-16x12.png 16w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_142524-1568x1176.png 1568w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">更多 Llyn Padarn</figcaption></figure>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" data-id="1566" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_142332-1-1024x768.png" alt="" class="wp-image-1566" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_142332-1-1024x768.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_142332-1-300x225.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_142332-1-768x576.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_142332-1-1536x1152.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_142332-1-2048x1536.png 2048w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_142332-1-16x12.png 16w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_142332-1-1568x1176.png 1568w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Llyn Padarn。的确非常美丽。</figcaption></figure>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" data-id="1562" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_143336-1-1024x768.png" alt="" class="wp-image-1562" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_143336-1-1024x768.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_143336-1-300x225.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_143336-1-768x576.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_143336-1-1536x1152.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_143336-1-2048x1536.png 2048w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_143336-1-16x12.png 16w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_143336-1-1568x1176.png 1568w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">这是为人和狗准备的！</figcaption></figure>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" data-id="1563" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_143259-1-1024x768.png" alt="" class="wp-image-1563" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_143259-1-1024x768.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_143259-1-300x225.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_143259-1-768x576.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_143259-1-1536x1152.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_143259-1-2048x1536.png 2048w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_143259-1-16x12.png 16w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_143259-1-1568x1176.png 1568w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">你能相信三小时前还在下雨吗？</figcaption></figure>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" data-id="1561" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_143415-1024x768.png" alt="" class="wp-image-1561" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_143415-1024x768.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_143415-300x225.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_143415-768x576.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_143415-1536x1152.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_143415-2048x1536.png 2048w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_143415-16x12.png 16w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_143415-1568x1176.png 1568w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">处处有景的人行道</figcaption></figure>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" data-id="1560" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_143527-1024x768.png" alt="" class="wp-image-1560" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_143527-1024x768.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_143527-300x225.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_143527-768x576.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_143527-1536x1152.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_143527-2048x1536.png 2048w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_143527-16x12.png 16w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_143527-1568x1176.png 1568w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">许多土地被用作无人看管的农场</figcaption></figure>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" data-id="1555" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_143626-1-1024x768.png" alt="" class="wp-image-1555" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_143626-1-1024x768.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_143626-1-300x225.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_143626-1-768x576.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_143626-1-1536x1152.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_143626-1-2048x1536.png 2048w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_143626-1-16x12.png 16w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_143626-1-1568x1176.png 1568w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">小猫和奶牛</figcaption></figure>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" data-id="1575" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_132810-1-1024x768.png" alt="" class="wp-image-1575" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_132810-1-1024x768.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_132810-1-300x225.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_132810-1-768x576.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_132810-1-1536x1152.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_132810-1-2048x1536.png 2048w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_132810-1-16x12.png 16w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_132810-1-1568x1176.png 1568w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">虽然不是特别好，但也不错。</figcaption></figure>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" data-id="1576" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_132434-1-1024x768.png" alt="" class="wp-image-1576" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_132434-1-1024x768.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_132434-1-300x225.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_132434-1-768x576.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_132434-1-1536x1152.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_132434-1-2048x1536.png 2048w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_132434-1-16x12.png 16w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_132434-1-1568x1176.png 1568w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">虽然不是特别好，但也不错。</figcaption></figure>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" data-id="1577" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_124213-1-1024x768.png" alt="" class="wp-image-1577" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_124213-1-1024x768.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_124213-1-300x225.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_124213-1-768x576.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_124213-1-1536x1152.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_124213-1-2048x1536.png 2048w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_124213-1-16x12.png 16w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_124213-1-1568x1176.png 1568w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">水流穿过小镇。</figcaption></figure>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" data-id="1569" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_120543-1-1024x768.png" alt="" class="wp-image-1569" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_120543-1-1024x768.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_120543-1-300x225.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_120543-1-768x576.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_120543-1-1536x1152.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_120543-1-2048x1536.png 2048w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_120543-1-16x12.png 16w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_120543-1-1568x1176.png 1568w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">教堂。年龄</figcaption></figure>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" data-id="1570" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_112938-1-1024x768.png" alt="" class="wp-image-1570" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_112938-1-1024x768.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_112938-1-300x225.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_112938-1-768x576.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_112938-1-1536x1152.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_112938-1-2048x1536.png 2048w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_112938-1-16x12.png 16w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_112938-1-1568x1176.png 1568w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">这是用来防止羊群跑出去的吗？</figcaption></figure>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" data-id="1571" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_111546-1-1024x768.png" alt="" class="wp-image-1571" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_111546-1-1024x768.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_111546-1-300x225.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_111546-1-768x576.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_111546-1-1536x1152.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_111546-1-2048x1536.png 2048w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_111546-1-16x12.png 16w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_111546-1-1568x1176.png 1568w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">危险之美的标志</figcaption></figure>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" data-id="1572" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_111410-1-1024x768.png" alt="" class="wp-image-1572" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_111410-1-1024x768.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_111410-1-300x225.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_111410-1-768x576.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_111410-1-1536x1152.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_111410-1-2048x1536.png 2048w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_111410-1-16x12.png 16w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_111410-1-1568x1176.png 1568w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">古运河和现代运河</figcaption></figure>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" data-id="1573" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_111106-1024x768.png" alt="" class="wp-image-1573" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_111106-1024x768.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_111106-300x225.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_111106-768x576.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_111106-1536x1152.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_111106-2048x1536.png 2048w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_111106-16x12.png 16w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_111106-1568x1176.png 1568w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Llyn Peris.山峦重叠，令人惊叹！</figcaption></figure>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" data-id="1582" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_110357-1024x768.png" alt="" class="wp-image-1582" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_110357-1024x768.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_110357-300x225.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_110357-768x576.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_110357-1536x1152.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_110357-2048x1536.png 2048w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_110357-16x12.png 16w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_110357-1568x1176.png 1568w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">就像水把陆地分开一样</figcaption></figure>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" data-id="1583" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_110348-1-1024x768.png" alt="" class="wp-image-1583" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_110348-1-1024x768.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_110348-1-300x225.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_110348-1-768x576.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_110348-1-1536x1152.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_110348-1-2048x1536.png 2048w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_110348-1-16x12.png 16w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_110348-1-1568x1176.png 1568w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">一条通往古老遗迹的狭窄小路。</figcaption></figure>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" data-id="1584" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_110220-1-1024x768.png" alt="" class="wp-image-1584" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_110220-1-1024x768.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_110220-1-300x225.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_110220-1-768x576.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_110220-1-1536x1152.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_110220-1-2048x1536.png 2048w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_110220-1-16x12.png 16w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_110220-1-1568x1176.png 1568w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">通往城堡的狭窄小路</figcaption></figure>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" data-id="1593" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_102904-1024x768.png" alt="" class="wp-image-1593" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_102904-1024x768.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_102904-300x225.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_102904-768x576.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_102904-1536x1152.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_102904-2048x1536.png 2048w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_102904-16x12.png 16w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_102904-1568x1176.png 1568w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">多尔巴达恩城堡还剩下什么？</figcaption></figure>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" data-id="1592" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_103736-1-1024x768.png" alt="" class="wp-image-1592" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_103736-1-1024x768.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_103736-1-300x225.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_103736-1-768x576.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_103736-1-1536x1152.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_103736-1-2048x1536.png 2048w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_103736-1-16x12.png 16w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_103736-1-1568x1176.png 1568w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">内部装饰已不复存在。仍能显示出它的美丽。</figcaption></figure>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" data-id="1591" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_103758-1-1024x768.png" alt="" class="wp-image-1591" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_103758-1-1024x768.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_103758-1-300x225.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_103758-1-768x576.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_103758-1-1536x1152.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_103758-1-2048x1536.png 2048w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_103758-1-16x12.png 16w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_103758-1-1568x1176.png 1568w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">天花板也不见了。鸟儿经常飞过。</figcaption></figure>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" data-id="1590" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_104052-1024x768.png" alt="" class="wp-image-1590" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_104052-1024x768.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_104052-300x225.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_104052-768x576.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_104052-1536x1152.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_104052-2048x1536.png 2048w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_104052-16x12.png 16w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_104052-1568x1176.png 1568w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">已消失建筑的地基遗迹、</figcaption></figure>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" data-id="1589" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_104208-1024x768.png" alt="" class="wp-image-1589" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_104208-1024x768.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_104208-300x225.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_104208-768x576.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_104208-1536x1152.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_104208-2048x1536.png 2048w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_104208-16x12.png 16w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_104208-1568x1176.png 1568w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">早在 19 世纪 20 年代，这里的楼梯就已经非常宽敞和现代化了。</figcaption></figure>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" data-id="1581" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_105619-1-1024x768.png" alt="" class="wp-image-1581" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_105619-1-1024x768.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_105619-1-300x225.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_105619-1-768x576.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_105619-1-1536x1152.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_105619-1-2048x1536.png 2048w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_105619-1-16x12.png 16w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_105619-1-1568x1176.png 1568w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">通往宝藏的道路狭窄？</figcaption></figure>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" data-id="1580" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_105727-1-1024x768.png" alt="" class="wp-image-1580" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_105727-1-1024x768.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_105727-1-300x225.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_105727-1-768x576.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_105727-1-1536x1152.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_105727-1-2048x1536.png 2048w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_105727-1-16x12.png 16w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_105727-1-1568x1176.png 1568w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">过去，道路并不笔直。证据之一</figcaption></figure>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" data-id="1579" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_110022-1-1024x768.png" alt="" class="wp-image-1579" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_110022-1-1024x768.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_110022-1-300x225.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_110022-1-768x576.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_110022-1-1536x1152.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_110022-1-2048x1536.png 2048w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_110022-1-16x12.png 16w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_110022-1-1568x1176.png 1568w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">威尔士的山区树木繁茂，悬崖峭壁。</figcaption></figure>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" data-id="1586" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_110129-1-1024x768.png" alt="" class="wp-image-1586" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_110129-1-1024x768.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_110129-1-300x225.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_110129-1-768x576.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_110129-1-1536x1152.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_110129-1-2048x1536.png 2048w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_110129-1-16x12.png 16w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_110129-1-1568x1176.png 1568w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">现代与古代的交汇点。</figcaption></figure>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" data-id="1585" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_110214-1-1024x768.png" alt="" class="wp-image-1585" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_110214-1-1024x768.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_110214-1-300x225.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_110214-1-768x576.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_110214-1-1536x1152.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_110214-1-2048x1536.png 2048w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_110214-1-16x12.png 16w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_110214-1-1568x1176.png 1568w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">这些在任何地方都能看到。</figcaption></figure>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" data-id="1594" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_102647-1024x768.png" alt="" class="wp-image-1594" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_102647-1024x768.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_102647-300x225.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_102647-768x576.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_102647-1536x1152.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_102647-2048x1536.png 2048w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_102647-16x12.png 16w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_102647-1568x1176.png 1568w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">受保护、可公开访问、无人值守。</figcaption></figure>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" data-id="1595" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_102558-1024x768.png" alt="" class="wp-image-1595" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_102558-1024x768.png 1024w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_102558-300x225.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_102558-768x576.png 768w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_102558-1536x1152.png 1536w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_102558-2048x1536.png 2048w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_102558-16x12.png 16w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/20230325_102558-1568x1176.png 1568w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">但愿这些历史瑰宝都能得到精心保护。</figcaption></figure>
</figure>
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<wfw:commentRss>https://chise.hachiroku.uk/zh/gallery/snowdonia/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
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</item><item>
<title>2023双生视界新春会背后的故事</title>
<link>https://chise.hachiroku.uk/zh/essay/behind-2023-nyp/</link>
<comments>https://chise.hachiroku.uk/zh/essay/behind-2023-nyp/#respond</comments>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[Chise Hachiroku]]></dc:creator>
<pubDate>Fri, 10 Mar 2023 15:49:00 +0000</pubDate>
<category><![CDATA[生活随笔]]></category>
<category><![CDATA[双生视界]]></category>
<category><![CDATA[少女咖啡枪]]></category>
<guid isPermaLink="false">https://chise.hachiroku.uk/?p=4352</guid>
<description><![CDATA[这篇文章讲述了我关于 2023 年双生新春会的故事。这是一次令人惊叹和非凡的经历。]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[
<p>这篇文章描述了我关于2023双生视界新春会的故事。关于这个项目的更多信息，请：</p>
<div class="wp-block-nhsblocks-actionlink nhsuk-action-link"><a class="nhsuk-action-link__link" href="https://old.c86.ac.cn/project/2023-nyp/"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="nhsuk-icon nhsuk-icon__arrow-right-circle" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M12 2a10 10 0 00-9.95 9h11.64L9.74 7.05a1 1 0 011.41-1.41l5.66 5.65a1 1 0 010 1.42l-5.66 5.65a1 1 0 01-1.41 0 1 1 0 010-1.41L13.69 13H2.05A10 10 0 1012 2z"></path></svg><span class="nhsuk-action-link__text">查看C86学术网站项目专区2023双生视界新春会的页面</span></a></div>
<h2 class="wp-block-heading">一个本被放弃的项目</h2>
<p>在2022年新春会的失利，以及官方发布的停止更新通知后，我打算把整个同人站项目一并收尾——包括很多网站的归档，一些未完成内容的收尾，以及2023年新春会计划的废弃。这本是非常明智的——在最终更新之后，预计只有极少数玩家会留下来，很少有人愿意花时间观看可能有 20 分钟的节目——更不用说是关于一个“已经死了的游戏”的了。实际上，在哔哩哔哩上上传任何超过 7 分钟的视频都是非常“勇敢”的举动——这并不是一件好事。</p>
<p>然而，在 2022 新春会的一些核心成员以及同人站的一些内务组成员的建议下，我们还是想做最后一点什么，来标记所有这些的结束，并将其作为我们关于这个奇妙社区的最后也是最美好的回忆之一，并记录下我们共同经历的这么长的时间，和在此之间发生的故事。</p>
<p>于是——我同意了。毫无疑问，这不是一个理性人会做出的决定。无论如何，肯定不会很盛大（受订阅人数和缺乏支持的限制），并且与我们必须投入的时间和精力相比，整个团队预期可以获得的整体收入将是微不足道的。</p>
<p>尽管如此，我们还是进入了准备阶段。</p>
<h2 class="wp-block-heading">人不够，时间也不够</h2>
<p>最先让我们感到困扰的是人的缺乏。在最终更新公告后，我们见证了我们新媒体账户活跃交互用户数的大幅下降，并且通过几个可靠的来源不准确地估计游戏本身极有可能也正在经历类似的趋势。愿意确认未来视频制作的内容创作者的数量非常缺乏，如果我们不做些什么，很可能是没有办法守住20分钟的最小长度这个底线的。</p>
<p>鉴于人员的短缺，我们发出了公开的招募通知。尽管这个过程持续了近两个月，同时我尽一切努力让更多的创作人员加入，但最后，我们只获得了五部作品的创作确认，还有另外三部作品抑或是不确定或完成可能性不高，而且其中只有一部作品是从公开招募的通知中征集到的。嗯……最后，那三个不确定的都在不同阶段被放弃了。</p>
<p>尽管我们设法确保节目至少有20分钟，但我们还是不确定在制作期间可能会遇到什么样的困难。一开始的计划是在2022年内使之成为可能，所以我们认为在游戏三周年的时候播出这个东西可能是个好时机。按照一般的生产力衡量，应该是没问题的……对吗？</p>
<p>新冠病毒，及其带来的各种附带效应完全不同意。随着各种前所未见、碎片化严重、且不断变化的冠状病毒防治条例在国内的实施，加上许多人已经在进入竞争激烈的工薪阶层，几乎所有的创作者都在他们的线下生活中受到这样或那样的影响，使他们很难在周年纪念日之前抽出时间来制作视频。可以理解，但这确实是太现实了。</p>
<p>在制作截止日期前一个月，我们决定转变思路，改为制作新春会目标，而不是准备制作周年庆贺节目：这样就可以多出两个多月的时间让所有参与的创作者在他们自由时间更充沛的时期更从容地完成他们的制作。</p>
<h2 class="wp-block-heading">即使不是官方，也不是什么坏事情</h2>
<p>因为哔哩哔哩主站的游戏区编辑组每年都会安排和支持一系列游戏新春会的制作，并且<a href="https://c86.ac.cn/project/gcgds/nyp/" data-type="post" data-id="723">我们在2022年有幸得到了这个机会</a>。于是，我们在可以确定初步方案和节目列表后，在2022年10月提出了2023年度的申请。</p>
<p>然而，对我来说，这更像是一种形式化的尝试：为一个已经不会有进一步发展的游戏动用有限的资源，无疑在各方面都是没有足够的希望的。因此，如果他们最后决定接受我们今年的申请，那将是非常不理性的。我也问过我的几个联络人，他们的回答都是这样的： “你们计划和制作这个是件好事，但我们手头的资源是零，无法花在这个已经快要’过去’的游戏上“。没有太多的意外，在11月，bilibili的编辑们表示感谢，并’礼貌地’拒绝了我们。说实话，当他们不能在10月直接作出决定的时候，其实就已经说明了很多事情。</p>
<p>但这对创作者来说其实并不是一件可怕的事情。去年在准备过程中，我们遇到了许多只有 “官方” 才会遇到的障碍——比如对整个节目中的角色台词和其他相关内容的可能出现的”出戏“问题进行更严格的控制和预防：去年我们只设法让涉及游戏角色的台词和文字当中的极小部分最终得到批准。另外，缺乏官方支持意味着我们不必计划和协调预先确定的刚性发布日期，使我们有能力自行推迟发布日期，以及发布日期的发布日期。</p>
<p>受这些自由的影响，作为协调人，我也把所有这些自由最大限度地交给了创作者。我没有硬性要求每个阶段一定需要在固定的截止日期前完成，也没有积极监督他们的进展（除非他们主动前来征求我的意见），不过我也没有主动为他们收集和提供资源，但是会在他们提出这种请求的时候尽力满足他们的合理需求。这对我来说也是一个实验——看看这种没有管理的支持性领导是否可能成功。可喜的事情是，最终的结果证明这种方式在这种团队内是十分成功的。</p>
<p>虽然我们在现实生活中都有自己的事情需要处理，但在11月和12月，我目睹了所有项目的实质性进展：最早的项目在12月底完成，而且大多数项目也在1月已经进入最后阶段。考虑到1月份大多数人都有与春节有关的活动，在这段时间里没有什么进展是非常可以理解的。</p>
<p>而在2月的第二周，我们”突然“就准备好了所有的节目——这大概是因为大家在计划的活动之后有了更多的时间，而且假期期间也不在工作或学习，所以视频的制作获得了更多的时间。碰巧，我也发现在1月的评估结束之后，我的时间表也变得更加灵活了。</p>
<h2 class="wp-block-heading">在这里插一句……</h2>
<p>它可能值得一个单独的部分来挑明一些非常值得指出的东西：哔哩哔哩的编辑组真的需要打磨他们的写作技巧，通过更多的鼓励用更容易接受的方式来写最终的拒绝信息，同时保持双方的尊严——暗示任何自愿申请的团队在制作新年节目的经验；造成影响的整体能力（关注者人数）；或者，整个或单一节目的规划能力有缺乏或不足是极其不合适的。虽然这听起来好像很难，但事实并非如此。与他们的答复相比，我想展示一下我在剑桥那次失败的申请尝试时收到过的一条信息，他们只用了一段话，就维护了所有申请人的尊严。</p>
<div class="wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-12 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex">
<div class="wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow">
<div class="wp-block-nhsblocks-card1 nhsuk-grid-column-width nhsuk-care-card nhsuk-care-card--type is-style-warning-callout"><div class="nhsuk-care-card__heading-container"><h3 class="nhsuk-care-card__heading"><span><span class="nhsuk-u-visually-hidden">Non-urgent advice: </span><span class="nhsuk-care-card__heading-text">Bilibili的编辑 (全文, 原文)</span></span></h3><span class="nhsuk-care-card__arrow" aria-hidden="true"></span></div><div class="nhsuk-care-card__content">老师我来乐，消息不太好，因为这次名额有限，报名的人又很多，我们内部评选也比较难办。我们这次就是根据各个节目的内容规划，新春会经验，参与UP的站内声量来综合评估，别的几个游戏的新春会节目组这几个维度都太强了…所以.真的抱歉（鞠躬）</div></div>
<p>(这里其实很难说’各个节目’是代指所有申请，还是指<br>一个申请中的节目）</p>
</div>
<div class="wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow">
<div class="wp-block-nhsblocks-card1 nhsuk-grid-column-width nhsuk-care-card nhsuk-care-card--type is-style-warning-callout"><div class="nhsuk-care-card__heading-container"><h3 class="nhsuk-care-card__heading"><span><span class="nhsuk-u-visually-hidden">Non-urgent advice: </span><span class="nhsuk-care-card__heading-text">剑桥招生部（摘录，翻译）</span></span></h3><span class="nhsuk-care-card__arrow" aria-hidden="true"></span></div><div class="nhsuk-care-card__content">关于你。我想说的第一件事是：就我而言，仅仅是因为你已经来到了这个阶段，你已经足以成为一名计算机科学家（可以在某处发光发热）。你已经证明，你获得了很多知识和技能。你已经投入了多年的准备、奉献和努力。重要的是你获得了多少有趣和有价值的知识和技能。这些将永远留在你身上。没有什么，哪怕是剑桥招生部，有能力改变这一点。你应该感到自豪。在参加剑桥面试时，在参加像CSAT这样的考试前，在参加工作面试时，请牢记这一点。</div></div>
</div>
</div>
<p>在我回复一些向我们提交的申请时，我也曾面临同样的挑战。有些作品真的很难接受，但我们还是需要仔细推敲我们的措辞，在不让人感觉太权威的同时解释我们为什么决定拒绝，更不能让申请人觉得他们所做的是完全失败的。为了达到这个目的，我们通常只是给出我们认为可能会引起争议和风险的理由的要点，并告诉他们，我们仍然为他们所取得的成就和他们的无限潜力感到惊讶，并为此刻不能接受他们的申请感到抱歉，并鼓励他们在觉得有信心解决我们提出的问题时再次提交。有时，当我们不肯定地认为可能的结果不容乐观时，我们会积极鼓励他们自己发表，尽管这会让我们似乎处于一种更谦卑的地位上。</p>
<h2 class="wp-block-heading">一个纯粹的玩家的创作</h2>
<p>在我们确认了最终的内容并确定了目标发布日期后，每个人都变得紧张起来，为即将到来的发布日做准备。对于各个节目之间的空隙，今年我采用了一种轻量的专场方式，应用了从2周年官方视频中借用的模块和元素，并使用点击效果，使观众认为他们正在逐一 “解锁 “新春会节目的每个部分。最终采取这种模式的重要原因之一也包含了转场剧情没有及时到位。整个团队设法在最后一周处理了所有需要修改的技术细节，并在优化了许多需要改进的地方，使新春会成功地在在直播前72小时完成最终输出。</p>
<p>当我完成了低分辨率预览的输出并将其投影到我房间的墙上时，我深深地感到，我可以在不看手机或其他东西的情况下专注地看完这整个节目非常久——与去年的节目相比，它是非常令人上瘾和愉快的：尽管去年的节目我们在每个可能的细节上都倾注了最大的努力，但整体质量和观众粘合的能力是显著不足的。我对这种转变没有一个很好的解释，也许永远也不会。我能想到的只有：因为每个人都是出于对游戏和少女们纯粹和深厚的感情而参与其中。</p>
<p>没有来自官方的约束，我们可以在快准备好的时候就更紧锣密鼓地计划剩下的事情。与去年的31天相比，今年我们只提前6天发布公告，而且这次所有的方案只经过两道检查（分别由创作者和我检查），而且只检查任何可能影响发布的问题，省去了官方耗时的更高层次检查。这使得一切都更加和谐——我们可以自由讨论所有的担忧和顾虑，而不需要接受一些不可违抗的硬性命令。</p>
<p>今年我还是决定继续并行进行先行直播和稍后发布的”回放”——因为冗长的视频发布起来很可能很难获得平台推送和流量积累。<sup><a href="#Footnote-1" data-type="internal" data-id="#Footnote-1">[1]</a></sup> 但这对直播来说几乎是相反的，节目越长越好。我通常使用各种方式的组合，以确保在节目开始时可以积累最大数量的观众，包括创建预约和提前推流并安排倒计时。最后的视频在周五的凌晨完成并导出，而且幸运地成功通过了哔哩哔哩的平台审核。</p>
<p>时间飞逝，我们来到了…</p>
<h2 class="wp-block-heading">发布日</h2>
<p>我睡过头了。这不仅仅是比我应该起床的时间晚了一两个小时，而是如果我不看手机并意识到即将到来的大灾难的可能性，我可能会因为在梦境中完全错过整个直播周期。</p>
<p>幸运的是，我的肠胃并没有想要抗议，配上一些快速”射尿”的方法（我当然不推荐），我所幸能够在预定的推流开始时刻只有不到4分钟的时候完全启动我的工作站，加载OBS，并正确链接代理。此时，距离预定的开始时间只有16分钟。<a href="#Footnote-2"><sup>[2]</sup></a> 我最后打开浏览器冲进哔哩哔哩直播面板，按时按下了 “开始推流” 的按钮。</p>
<p>但是，虽然与最坏的结果相比，看起来一切都没有走样，但是，a）我的心脏像超载的发动机一样跳动，我的智能手表甚至在某些时候准备拨打999，b）我跳过了5分钟的延迟计算和连接质量检查过程，c）弹幕监控是在推流开始后3分钟而不是计划的提前5分钟开始执行的，d）包含弹幕的回放计划（这本来是一个额外设备上的屏幕录像）被取消了。</p>
<p>很奇怪的是，与去年同期相比，我今年更加担心任何事情出现偏差，虽然实时的统计数据显然要低得多，而且任何小插曲的后果都会温和得多，而且与去年相比，我在直播期间承载的工作量是微不足道的（今年没有在直播过程中设置抽奖）。</p>
<p><strong>同样，只有一个很好的解释：我不能辜负这伟大的、纯洁且珍贵的感情的创造。</strong></p>
<p>幸运的是，直播最终以技术上的显著成功结束。</p>
<h2 class="wp-block-heading">（几乎）是一个统计上的恶梦</h2>
<p>我们通过直播和平台分成获得的总收入略低于200元。与去年的2000元收入相比，这个收入要低得多。由于今年我没有使用昂贵的商业级直播中继，而且我们不需要支付赠品的运费，我们收到的所有收入可以在所有创作者之间平均分配。我最终没有拿一毛钱，还倒贴了一点，使总和达到200元人民币。</p>
<p>从观众的角度来看，此次直播的总观众数约为1000人，通过使用平台给出的人气值估算的话，大概是我们去年直播时的1/10左右的观众数。然而，回放视频在一个月内就获得了超过9000次的播放量，与去年相比只差10%——这证明了整体质量确实提高了。</p>
<p>订阅用户数量的增长并不惊人，但它成功地将总数推到了4700+，这是该账户几个月来一直在挣扎的一百大关。所以我想，这方面也不完全是一个失败？</p>
<p>但这些数字也暗示，我们和我或许永远都很难安排第三届新春会了。但为什么这句话听起来有些耳熟呢？</p>
<hr class="wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-wide"/>
<p class="has-small-font-size" id="Footnote-1">[1]: 就在发表这篇文章的前几天（也是在直播之后的近一个月），有消息称哔哩哔哩可能计划改变其算法，使其可能给中长篇内容带来重大利好。当我们开始这个项目时，这样的传言甚至都不存在，而在这篇文章发表之前，我们看到的是完全相反的情况。</p>
<p class="has-small-font-size" id="Footnote-2">[2]: 如果从我操作的地方（英国）推流，需要一个代理软件，而我使用的软件虽然是是已知的所有选择中最稳定的一个，但对其预定操作以外的使用方式的支持并不友好。</p>
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<title>追求领导力的无限理论</title>
<link>https://chise.hachiroku.uk/zh/journal/%e8%bf%bd%e6%b1%82%e9%a2%86%e5%af%bc%e5%8a%9b%e7%9a%84%e6%97%a0%e9%99%90%e7%90%86%e8%ae%ba/</link>
<comments>https://chise.hachiroku.uk/zh/journal/%e8%bf%bd%e6%b1%82%e9%a2%86%e5%af%bc%e5%8a%9b%e7%9a%84%e6%97%a0%e9%99%90%e7%90%86%e8%ae%ba/#respond</comments>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[Chise Hachiroku]]></dc:creator>
<pubDate>Fri, 24 Feb 2023 14:07:00 +0000</pubDate>
<category><![CDATA[日志文章]]></category>
<category><![CDATA[思考]]></category>
<guid isPermaLink="false">https://chise.hachiroku.uk/?p=4368</guid>
<description><![CDATA[本文是曼彻斯特大学UCIL20031 "行动中的领
导力 "在线课程的书面作业2。]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[
<p>“什么是领导力？”这是一个自20世纪初以来经常被问到的问题。上世纪，Ralph Stogdill 开始研究杰出领导人的共同人格观点。(UCIL, 2022)这就开始了最古老而又明显的领导力理论–拥有特质。</p>
<p>有趣的是，在1948年，Stogdill先生在总结他的研究时说：”一个人不会因为拥有某些特征的组合而成为一个领导者。” (Stogdill, 1947)</p>
<p>但是，Stogdill和他的特质理论并不孤单。几十年来，学术界和公众一直在寻求一种全方位的领导力理论，因此，我们现在有了行为领导力、情景领导力以及包含多种类型的新领导力。</p>
<p>然而，直到今天，我们能给出的最佳答案，除了四十二这个数字之外(Link: #_ftn1)就是：我们有很多理论，但<br>没有一个被证明是一直有效的。</p>
<p>如果我们在半年前列出一些优秀领导人的名字，很多人会提到埃隆-马斯克，他是一个典型的有魅力的，在传统定理下的成功领导人。他创立了SpaceX、特斯拉、The Boring Company，联合创立了 Neuralink 和 OpenAI 。</p>
<p>上述公司大多是成功的，其中一家目前是全球最大的电动汽车制造商（Statista, 2022），另一家可以说是做出了最伟大的聊天机器人（Wikipedia, 2022）。</p>
<p>马斯克因其领导力和带领其团队创造别人认为很难或不可能的新事物的能力而不断受到赞扬，如具有多次重复使用火箭能力的猎鹰9号（Sheetz, 2020）。但在2022年的最后几个月，我们看到自从收购社交媒体平台推特后，这个富有魅力的人物对许多人来说变得太有争议了。</p>
<p>新的 “首席推特 “将这一$44B交易描述为 “促进言论自由”，（欧洲新闻与美联社，2022年）但他为实现这一愿望并使公司盈利所做的行动已被许多人认为是危险的。在他控制的第一周，作为改革的标志，马斯克解雇了50%（后来是70%）的员工（Rushe, Oladipo, Bhuiyan, &<br>Middleton, 2022），此举被一位前主管评论为 “不知道自己在做什么”。因此，该公司很快目睹了仇恨言论的增加（Das，Twitter未能删除99%针对足球运动员的种族主义推文，2022年；Silberling，2022年），随后是广告商的退出（Nix & Merrill，2022年），并被拜登总统批评为 “在全世界散播谎言 “的机构。(达斯，”埃隆-马斯克不知道自己在做什么”，推特前高管说，2022年)</p>
<p>然后，他突然凭空搞出了一个订阅服务，将向任何愿意每月支付$20的人发放验证勾，这是平台上公认的信任标志。讽刺的是，价格标签竟然是在与斯蒂芬-金的公开谈话中最终确定为$8的。(马斯克，2022年）总之，他正在发挥他的魅力，发挥他一贯而为但有争议的东西。</p>
<p>但事实证明，这次尝试瞬间失败了，包括’耶稣’在内的各种人都得到了’验证’，一些人传播了他事先被警告的错误信息（Newton & Schiffer，2022），并将公司推向了与欧盟监管机构的’碰撞轨道’。(Espinoza, 2022)但这也是他之前所做过的–他既愿意也乐于承担巨大的风险，接受重大的失败，否则他不可能让火箭公司成功。</p>
<p>然后是对他进行独裁而不是领导的指责（天空新闻台，2022），然而原因又是我们以前在他身上看到过的（Mac & Ewing，2022），比如在办公室睡觉（Faruvar & Schwab，2022），或者要求他的员工 “硬核” 或离开。(Nolan & Hays, 2022)</p>
<p>在所有这些相似之处中，极其重要的是要重申，他的领导力仅仅在几个月前依然是受到赞扬的，尽管正如我们所看到的，所采用的方法几乎完全相同。</p>
<p>在Suze Wilson于2016年撰写的《以不同方式思考领导力》一书中，她提出： “我们今天对领导力的传统理解有着深刻的局限性、限制性和问题性。(Wilson, 2016, p. 2)现在，让我们假设它是真的。但是，对于我们这些试图深入了解领导力的人来说，这又意味着什么呢？为此，我将介绍一位过去的人物，许多人认为他是优秀领导力的代表–史蒂夫-乔布斯。</p>
<p>如果这里有人对这个人物不熟悉的话，他在本世纪头几年振兴了苹果电脑公司（Fell, 2011），还在90年代末振兴了皮克斯动画工作室（Bates, 1995）。</p>
<p>在他于2015年过世后不久，由沃尔特-艾萨克森（Walter Isaacson）撰写的关于他的生活的授权传记出版了。在这本书中，对乔布斯的领导方式有相当详细的描述<a href="#_ftn2" id="_ftnref2"><sup>[2]</sup></a>。包括，将第一个iPod原型丢进鱼缸中以证明它可以更小。(Tweedie, 2014) 另外，他回到苹果后做的第一件事就是终止了少数几个项目，这让整个公司感到恐惧，而对其功能的影响却很小。(Deutschman, 2000)</p>
<p>利用促进危机和在追随者中制造压力的领导人通常随后被视为更有魅力（Halverson, Murphy, & Riggio, 2004）。我们可以看到乔布斯和马斯克都采用了这种方法，并取得了成功，但为什么它在推特不管用了？</p>
<p>新领导理论认为，有效的领导者需要 “有远见”、”有魅力”、”有变革”，最近还提到了 “可被信任”。(UCIL, 2022)马斯克先生在这里的一个关键问题是，他未能向他所尝试的对象证明他对自己所做事情的理解。(Das, 推特前高管说：”埃隆-马斯克不知道自己在做什么”, 2022)</p>
<p>在探索未知领域的过程中，不完全真实可能不是一个大问题，因为没有人有明确的答案。然而，在一个成熟的企业或行业，这可能是至关重要的。另外，如果不考虑后果而过度强化魅力的部分，比如通过解雇极高比例的员工使公司瘫痪，可能会对整个公司上下产生重大影响。</p>
<p>那么，什么可能是解决这类问题的更好办法？让我们来看看皮克斯动画工作室。</p>
<p>在从卢卡斯影业购买了团队和技术后（皮克斯，2005），乔布斯决定让团队做他们的工作。皮克斯的联合创始人Ed Catmull描述了他们之间的冲突解决方案，在大概几个月的和平口头争论之后，他们的冲突解决方案如下。</p>
<blockquote class="wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow">
<p>大约三分之一的时候，他说：’哦，我明白了，你是对的。这就结束了。还有三分之一的时间，[我]会说，’实际上我认为他是对的’。另外三分之一的时间，在我们没有达成共识的情况下，他只是让我按照自己的方式去做，从来没有说过什么。</p>
<cite>(Catmull & Wallace, 2014)</cite></blockquote>
<p>用史蒂夫自己的话说，是：“他向我展示了他的梦想……而我最终在精神上和经济上都支持这个梦想。” (Iwerks, 2007)</p>
<p>总之，他的策略是：要有耐心，心胸开阔，即使经过合理的努力无法达成协议，也愿意做错或继续努力。换句话说。包容性领导。</p>
<p>说了这么多，重点是，正确的领导方法可能不是过去有效的那一种，而是最适合目标的那一种。因此，由于我们对领导力的理解可能是有限的、有局限性的和有问题的，因为所有的理论都是基于整个宇宙的领导力定理的一个子集，所以我们绝不应该像Must那样，把过去有效的东西应用到所有的场景中。</p>
<p>最后，我们可以说的是：领导力，就像艺术一样，仍然主要是一个人的事情，不仅在不同的情况下有所不同，而且因人而异，完美的适合所有的方法可能并不存在。</p>
<p>最近领导力模型的发展已经反映了这样的特点，引入的不是一种，也不是两种，而是一系列的理论，并将其合二为一。(UCIL, 2022)</p>
<p>可以肯定的是，当前的理论可能会随着时间的推移而得到完善，新的理论会出现并得到现代化。与此同时，我们的任务仍然是探索无限的领导力理论，同时尝试运用它认为合适的最佳方法。</p>
<p>谢谢您的聆听!</p>
<hr class="wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity"/>
<p><sub><a href="#_ftnref1" id="_ftn1">[1]</a> 在道格拉斯-亚当斯1979年的流行科幻小说《银河系搭车指南》中，超级计算机 “深思 “揭示了 “生命、宇宙和万物 “这一 “大问题 “的答案是 “四十二”。这也是谷歌助手对这个问题的示范答案。</sub></p>
<p><sub><a href="#_ftnref2" id="_ftn2">[2]</a> 由于我目前没有原书的副本，因此我在这里回忆的所有事件都是通过记忆，然后在互联网上与可信的外部资源进行确认，所有这些都是通过括号和参考资料来参考的。</sub></p>
<h2 class="wp-block-heading">参考文献</h2>
<div class="wp-block-group has-small-font-size is-vertical is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-1 wp-block-group-is-layout-flex">
<p>Bates, J. (1995, Oct 24). <em>Steve Jobs to Get Executive Producer Credit on Disney Animated Film.</em> Retrieved from Los Angeles Times: https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1995-10-24-fi-60492-story.html</p>
<p>Catmull, E., & Wallace, A. (2014). <em>Creativity, Inc.: Overcoming the Unseen Forces That Stand in the Way of True Inspiration.</em> New York: Random House.</p>
<p>Das, S. (2022, Nov 5). <em>‘Elon Musk doesn’t know what he’s doing’, says former Twitter executive.</em> Retrieved from The Guardian: https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2022/nov/05/elon-musk-doesnt-know-what-hes-doing-says-former-twitter-executive</p>
<p>Das, S. (2022, Nov 20). <em>Twitter fails to delete 99% of racist tweets aimed at footballers in run-up to World Cup.</em> Retrieved from The Guardian: https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2022/nov/20/twitter-fails-to-delete-99-of-racist-tweets-aimed-at-footballers-in-run-up-to-world-cup</p>
<p>Deutschman, A. (2000, Oct 11). <em>The once and future Steve Jobs.</em> Retrieved from salon.com via Web Archive: https://web.archive.org/web/20090416051238/http://archive.salon.com/tech/books/2000/10/11/jobs_excerpt/index2.html</p>
<p>Espinoza, J. (2022, Nov 16). <em>Elon Musk’s Twitter on ‘collision course’ with EU regulators.</em> Retrieved from Financial Times: https://www.ft.com/content/a8281bf4-bd83-42ac-875f-9061ee1b357b</p>
<p>Euronews with AP. (2022, Oct 28). <em>Elon Musk’s Twitter ‘bird will fly by EU rules,’ Brussels warns after billionaire takes control.</em> Retrieved from Euronews.next: https://www.euronews.com/next/2022/10/28/done-deal-elon-musk-now-has-control-of-twitter-and-has-already-fired-its-top-executives</p>
<p>Faruvar, C., & Schwab, K. (2022, Dec 5). <em>Elon Musk Has Outfitted Twitter’s Headquarters With Bedrooms For Employees.</em> Retrieved from Forbes: https://www.forbes.com/sites/cyrusfarivar/2022/12/05/elon-musk-twitter-bedrooms/</p>
<p>Fell, J. (2011, Oct 27). <em>How Steve Jobs Saved Apple.</em> Retrieved from Entrepreneur: https://www.entrepreneur.com/growing-a-business/how-steve-jobs-saved-apple/220604</p>
<p>Halverson, S. K., Murphy, S. E., & Riggio, R. E. (2004). Charismatic Leadership in Crisis Situations: A Laboratory Investigation of Stress and Crisis. <em>Small Group Research, 35</em>(5), 495-514.</p>
<p>Iwerks, L. (Director). (2007). <em>The Pixar Story</em> [Motion Picture].</p>
<p>Mac, R., & Ewing, J. (2022, Nov 21). <em>What Elon Musk Is Doing to Twitter Is What He Did at Tesla and SpaceX.</em> Retrieved from The New York Times: https://www.nytimes.com/2022/11/21/technology/elon-musk-twitter-management.html</p>
<p>Musk, E. (2022, Nov 1). <em>Replying to @StephenKing</em>. Retrieved from Twitter on Intenet Archive: http://web.archive.org/web/20221101052000/https://twitter.com/elonmusk/status/1587312517679878144</p>
<p>Newton, C., & Schiffer, Z. (2022, Nov 15). <em>Elon Musk ignored Twitter’s internal warnings about his paid verification scheme</em>. Retrieved from The Verge: https://www.theverge.com/2022/11/14/23459244/twitter-elon-musk-blue-verification-internal-warnings-ignored</p>
<p>Nix, N., & Merrill, J. B. (2022, Nov 22). <em>Advertisers are dropping Twitter. Musk can’t afford to lose any more.</em> Retrieved from The Washington Post: https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2022/11/22/twitter-advertiser-exodus-musk/</p>
<p>Nolan, B., & Hays, K. (2022, Nov 18). <em>Twitter employees flooded internal Slack channels with goodbye salute emojis and farewell messages as Musk’s ‘hardcore’ stay-or-go deadline passed.</em> Retrieved from Business Insider: https://www.businessinsider.com/twitter-staff-slack-salute-emojis-musk-hardcore-deadline-farewell-messages-2022-11?r=US&IR=T</p>
<p>Pixar. (2005, Aor 27). <em>Alvy Pixar History Page.</em> Retrieved from Alvy Ray Smith via Internet Archive: http://alvyray.com/Pixar/default.htm</p>
<p>Rushe, D., Oladipo, G., Bhuiyan, J., & Middleton, J. (2022, Nov 5). <em>Twitter slashes nearly half its workforce as Musk admits ‘massive drop’ in revenue.</em> Retrieved from The Guardian: https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2022/nov/04/twitter-layoffs-elon-musk-revenue-drop</p>
<p>Sheetz, M. (2020, Aug 18). <em>SpaceX pushes reusing rockets further with record sixth landing of a single booster.</em> Retrieved from CNBC: https://www.cnbc.com/2020/08/18/spacex-reuses-and-lands-falcon-9-rocket-booster-for-record-6th-time.html</p>
<p>Silberling, A. (2022, Dec 13). <em>Anti-LGBTQ slur takes off on Twitter after Elon Musk’s takeover.</em> Retrieved from TechCrunch: https://techcrunch.com/2022/12/13/anti-lgbtq-slur-takes-off-on-twitter-after-elon-musks-takeover/</p>
<p>Sky News. (2022, Nov 30). <em>Elon Musk is running Twitter ‘like a dictator’, former executive Yoel Roth says.</em> Retrieved from Sky News: https://news.sky.com/story/twitter-is-not-safer-under-elon-musk-and-he-has-made-alarming-changes-to-site-former-exec-warns-12758375</p>
<p>Statista. (2022, Sep 2022). <em>Global plug-in electric vehicle market share in 2021, by main producer.</em> Retrieved from Statista: https://www.statista.com/statistics/541390/global-sales-of-plug-in-electric-vehicle-manufacturers/</p>
<p>Stogdill, R. M. (1947). Personal Factors Associated with Leadership: A Survey of the Literature. <em>The Journal of Psychology </em>, 35-71.</p>
<p>Tweedie. (2014, Nov 18). <em>Steve Jobs Dropped The First iPod Prototype Into An Aquarium To Prove A Point.</em> Retrieved from Business Insider: https://www.businessinsider.com/steve-jobs-threw-ipod-prototype-into-an-aquarium-to-prove-a-point-2014-11?r=US&IR=T</p>
<p>UCIL. (2022, 10 05). <em>Module 02: Theories and Models of Leadership.</em> Retrieved from UCIL20030 Leadership in Action Online 2022-23 1st Semester: https://online.manchester.ac.uk/bbcswebdav/institution/University%20College/Development/LeadershipInAction/LIA_Module02.html</p>
<p>Wikipedia. (2022, Dec 14). <em>ChatGPT</em>. Retrieved from Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ChatGPT</p>
<p>Wilson, S. (2016). <em>Thinking Differently about Leadership: A Critical History of Leadership Studies.</em> Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar.</p>
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<title>紧急变革中的领导不力：美国和英国国家元首在2020 年初对 COVID-19 的回应</title>
<link>https://chise.hachiroku.uk/zh/journal/poor-leadership-in-emergent-change/</link>
<comments>https://chise.hachiroku.uk/zh/journal/poor-leadership-in-emergent-change/#respond</comments>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[Chise Hachiroku]]></dc:creator>
<pubDate>Fri, 13 Jan 2023 23:38:00 +0000</pubDate>
<category><![CDATA[日志文章]]></category>
<category><![CDATA[COVID-19]]></category>
<category><![CDATA[思考]]></category>
<category><![CDATA[英国]]></category>
<guid isPermaLink="false">https://chise.hachiroku.uk/?p=4366</guid>
<description><![CDATA[本文是曼彻斯特大学UCIL20031领导力在线的
书面作业1。]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[
<h2 class="wp-block-heading">大流行的到来</h2>
<p>2020年初，中国武汉的医生发现了一种非典型肺部感染，现在被广泛称为COVID-19（Page J, 2021）。然而，由于这正在成为一种世界性的大流行病，几乎影响到世界的每一个地区（世界卫生组织，2022年）。COVID-19是一种紧急的变革，因为它不是故意的或计划的，而且是非常不可预测的（UCIL，2022）。</p>
<p>面对这个快速变化的新形势，各国领导人都采取了不同的方法来应对。在这篇博文中，我们将研究英国首相和美国总统当时采取的行动，因为两者的行动都是有争议的。英国的第一反应很弱，主要方针是促进群体免疫力。这种方法不仅无效，而且会让许多人拜拜死去，同时给国<br>家卫生系统（NHS）带来极大的压力。(Cummings, 2021; House of Commons, 2021) 虽然群体免疫在一般情况下是有效的，并且是预防其他几种病毒的关键(牛津大学的疫苗知识项目)，但实现这种保护水平的成本很高，同时没有保证长期的有效性(Boseley, 2020)。</p>
<p>同时，美国政府采取的第一批行动更加合理，更有意义。白宫早在1月29日就宣布成立了一个特别工作组。（Samuels，2020年）仅两天后就宣布进入公共卫生紧急状态（Aburey，2020年），第一个SARS-CoV-2诊断试剂盒在2月4日便被批准使用。（CDC，2022）多个旅行禁令也针对COVID-19得到广泛传播的地区被发布，其中包括英国（Snyder，2020），同时对某些活动的区域禁令也被引入（Allen，2020）。</p>
<p>然后，时间来到了2020年3月中旬，两位领导人开始失去信任。</p>
<h2 class="wp-block-heading">领导力，没啦！</h2>
<p>在3月27日，首相鲍里斯-约翰逊和卫生部长马特-汉考克的冠状病毒检测呈阳性（BBC，2022；Merrick，2022），首相入院后仅用了12天的时间就被送进了重症监护室（BBC，2020；BBC，2020）。从2020年4月2日开始，英国政府开始加强应对措施，首先是5支柱计划（卫生和社会保健部，2020）。</p>
<p>这远不是一个好的做法，尤其是当所有人都知道群体免疫是政府的计划。看起来，总理的感染是国家获得更有效的对策的原因。鲍里斯-约翰逊一直在用他凌乱的金发使自己成为人们亲近的人物，但有可能为了自己的利益而行事，在道德上并不令人振奋，可能被认为是伪转型领导（UCIL, 2022）。</p>
<p>相反，美国总统唐纳德-特朗普已经决定说出他认为可能是正确的任何东西。其中最臭名昭著的是公开建议注射消毒剂和照射紫外线作为治疗方法是 “值得研究一下的好东西”，因为他自己是 “一个你知道的很好的人”（BBC，2020）。他还声称冠状病毒病例中的 “99% “是 “完全无害的”（Relman，2020），以及一长串关于冠状病毒的其他谎言，其中许多甚至完全不合理。（Paz，2020）。</p>
<p>为了使自己的领导力发挥作用，领导者需要在他们和追随者之间建立关系和信任（UCIL，2022）；作为一位为选民服务的政客，总统应以大局为重（UCIL，2022）。但特朗普先生的行为只会破坏这种印象。他的消毒剂声明使来苏尔和滴露的制造商RB公司警告广大公众，这不是他们产品的使用方法（Reckitt，2020），但是纽约市已经见证了越来越多的人将消毒产品混入体液的紧急情况（Slotkin，2020）。</p>
<p>到现在为止，我们已经研究了他们辜负了追随者和依靠他们的国家的期望的手段。接下来，我们将更深入地探讨他们的行动和动机的共同点和差异。</p>
<h2 class="wp-block-heading">快速判断的伤害</h2>
<p>有三种类型的问题–棘手的、一般的和关键的。 (Grint, 2005) 现在我们知道COVID-19无疑是一个棘手的问题。它符合棘手问题的所有三个因素：a）我们并不确切知道问题是什么–我们对这种新病毒知之甚少；b）我们当然不知道所有的选择是什么–这是前所未有的，所有的选择都来自假设；以及c）我们不一定知道正确的答案是什么–我们甚至今天都不知道。(UCIL, 2022)</p>
<div class="wp-block-image is-style-nhsuk-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-full"><img decoding="async" width="921" height="658" src="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/image-1-2.png" alt="" class="wp-image-2898" srcset="https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/image-1-2.png 921w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/image-1-2-300x214.png 300w, https://c86.moe/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/image-1-2-768x549.png 768w" sizes="(max-width: 921px) 100vw, 921px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption"><strong>图一</strong> 问题、权力和权威的关系 (Grint,2005)</figcaption></figure></div>
<p>从图中我们可以看出，对于棘手的问题，领导层的反应包括提出正确的问题而不是提供正确的答案。(UCIL,2022) 然而，当一个棘手的问题以突发变化的形式出现时，领导者将其误判为一般的或关键的问题并不罕见，尤其是在时间压力下。</p>
<p>就鲍里斯-约翰逊而言，由于他相信NHS和现有的制度会对此做出应有的反应，所以他很可能将新冠病毒出现问题归类为 “一般的问题”。乍一看，它确实符合Keith Grant提供的描述。</p>
<blockquote class="wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow">
<p>一般的问题可能很复杂，但可以通过单线行为来解决，因为问题有一个解决的点，而且很可能以前就发生过。换句话说，只有有限程度的不确定性，因此它与管理有关。</p>
<cite>(Grint, 2005)</cite></blockquote>
<p>但这个问题以前发生过吗？可以说，没有。虽然我们在历史上看到过各种大流行病，如西班牙流感和艾滋病毒/艾滋病，但我们在1920年之前没有如此频繁的飞机旅行，而且艾滋病毒不会通过空气传播。</p>
<p>还值得一提的是，我们关于西班牙流感的 “经验 “远非令人满意，因为它已经造成数千万人死亡（Spreeuwenberg, Kroneman, & John, 2018）（Morens & Fauci, 2007）（Johnson & Mueller, 2002），并记录了政府如何可能失败和医疗系统如何超负荷。</p>
<p>事实上，中国已经提示了促使医疗需求激增的可能性，因为他们必须在全国范围内组建医疗队（世界卫生组织，2020）。然而，错误的分类仍然导致国家卫生系统不堪重负（Pagel, 2021）。</p>
<h2 class="wp-block-heading">一切都不在掌控之中</h2>
<p>美国的情况有点不同，那里的主要障碍似乎是总统需要为即将到来的选举向全国人民保证。为了做到这一点，他需要尽可能快地将大流行病转为过去式，以显示他的指挥能力。</p>
<p>他处理这个问题的方法是将其作为一个 “关键 “问题，在决策和行动的时间很少的情况下，果断的行动被当作命令，而且几乎没有需要做什么的不确定性。(UCIL, 2022)</p>
<p>为了最大限度地保证这一点，特朗普总统宣布了 “30天内减缓传播 “的准则（白宫，2020年），并承诺这 “将把（美国人）团结成一个国家，我们将打败病毒”，后来延长到45天（Keith, Ordonez, Rascoe, & Rampton,2020）。</p>
<p>尽管COVID 确实需要快速响应，但这种大流行的规模和背景以前从未经历过，因此仅依靠预先准备好的食谱响应是不够的，也不会像预期的那样起作用。（UCIL，2022）除此之外，美国政府知道他们无法通过 2019 年进行的联合演习来应对这种规模的流行病。（Stracqualursi，2020）</p>
<p>值得一提的是，直到今天，美国仍然是病例最多的国家（约翰-霍普金斯大学，2022）（世界卫生组织，2022）。</p>
<h2 class="wp-block-heading">摘要</h2>
<p>在这篇文章中，我们研究了唐纳德特朗普总统和鲍里斯约翰逊首相在面对COVID-19 的紧急变化时的做法。成为一个国家的领导人总是很困难，但清醒的头脑是驾驭国家的必要条件，尽管影响未知，否则很可能会导致灾难。</p>
<h2 class="wp-block-heading">书目</h2>
<p class="has-small-font-size"><strong>Aburey, A. (2020, Jan 31).</strong> <em>Trump Declares Coronavirus A Public Health Emergency And Restricts Travel From China.</em> Retrieved from NPR: https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2020/01/31/801686524/trump-declares-coronavirus-a-public-health-emergency-and-restricts-travel-from-c</p>
<p class="has-small-font-size"><strong>Allen, J. (2020, Mar 12).</strong> <em>New York state bans gatherings exceeding 500 people on coronavirus fears</em>. Retrieved from Reuters: https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-usa-new-york/new-york-state-bans-gatherings-exceeding-500-people-on-coronavirus-fears-idUSKBN20Z37G</p>
<p class="has-small-font-size"><strong>BBC. (2020, Apr 6).</strong> <em>Coronavirus: Boris Johnson admitted to hospital over virus symptoms.</em> Retrieved from BBC News: https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-52177125</p>
<p class="has-small-font-size"><strong>BBC. (2020, April 7).</strong> <em>Coronavirus: Boris Johnson moved to intensive care as symptoms worsen.</em> Retrieved from BBC News: https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-52192604</p>
<p class="has-small-font-size"><strong>BBC. (2020, Apr 24).</strong> <em>Coronavirus: Outcry after Trump suggests injecting disinfectant as treatment.</em> Retrieved from BBC News: https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-52407177</p>
<p class="has-small-font-size"><strong>BBC. (2022, Mar 27).</strong> <em>Coronavirus: Prime Minister Boris Johnson tests positive.</em> Retrieved from BBC News: https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-52060791</p>
<p class="has-small-font-size"><strong>Boseley, S. (2020, Mar 13).</strong> <em>Herd immunity: will the UK’s coronavirus strategy work?</em> Retrieved from The Guardian: https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/mar/13/herd-immunity-will-the-uks-coronavirus-strategy-work</p>
<p class="has-small-font-size"><strong>CDC. (2022, Jan 11).</strong> <em>CDC Museum COVID-19 Timeline</em>. Retrieved from CDC: https://www.cdc.gov/museum/timeline/covid19.html</p>
<p class="has-small-font-size"><strong>Cummings, D. (2021, May 23).</strong> Boris Johnson’s former top adviser says herd immunity was UK plan to fight coronavirus. (P. Dallison, Interviewer) Retrieved from https://www.politico.eu/article/boris-johnsons-former-top-adviser-says-herd-immunity-was-uk-plan-to-fight-coronavirus/</p>
<p class="has-small-font-size"><strong>Department of Health & Social Care. (2020, April 2).</strong> <em>Health Secretary sets out plan to carry out 100,000 coronavirus tests a day.</em> Retrieved from GOV.UK: https://www.gov.uk/government/news/health-secretary-sets-out-plan-to-carry-out-100000-coronavirus-tests-a-day</p>
<p class="has-small-font-size"><strong>Grint, K. (2005).</strong> Problems, problems, problems:The social construction of ‘leadership’. <em>Human Relations</em>, 1467-1494.</p>
<p class="has-small-font-size"><strong>House of Commons. (2021, 10 12).</strong> <em>Coronavirus: lessons learned to date.</em> Health and Social Care and Science and Technology Committees. London: House of Commons.</p>
<p class="has-small-font-size"><strong>John Hopkins University. (2022, Nov 05).</strong> <em>Unified COVID-19 Dataset.</em> Retrieved from GitHub: https://github.com/CSSEGISandData/COVID-19_Unified-Dataset</p>
<p class="has-small-font-size"><strong>Johnson, N. P., & Mueller, J. (2002).</strong> Updating the Accounts: Global Mortality of the 1918-1920 “Spanish” Influenza Pandemic. <em>Bulletin of the History of Medicine</em>, 105-115.</p>
<p class="has-small-font-size"><strong>Keith, T., Ordonez, F., Rascoe, A., & Rampton, R. (2020, Mar 30).</strong> <em>How 15 Days Became 45: Trump Extends Guidelines To Slow Coronavirus.</em> Retrieved from NPR: https://www.npr.org/2020/03/30/822448199/how-15-days-became-45-trump-extends-guidelines-to-slow-coronavirus</p>
<p class="has-small-font-size"><strong>Merrick, R. (2022, Mar 27).</strong> <em>Coronavirus: Health secretary Matt Hancock tests positive.</em> Retrieved from Independent: https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/coronavirus-matt-hancock-boris-johnson-test-positive-covid-19-symptoms-a9430031.html</p>
<p class="has-small-font-size"><strong>Morens, D. M., & Fauci, A. S. (2007).</strong> The 1918 Influenza Pandemic: Insights for the 21st Century. <em>The Journal of Infectious Diseases</em>, 1018–1028.</p>
<p class="has-small-font-size"><strong>Page J, H. D. (2021, Feb 26).</strong> <em>In Hunt for Covid-19 Origin, Patient Zero Points to Second Wuhan Market – The man with the first confirmed infection of the new coronavirus told the WHO team that his parents had shopped there.</em> Retrieved from Wall Street Journal: https://www.wsj.com/articles/in-hunt-for-covid-19-origin-patient-zero-points-to-second-wuhan-market-11614335404</p>
<p class="has-small-font-size"><strong>Pagel, C. (2021, Jan 12).</strong> <em>This is what an ‘overwhelmed NHS’ looks like. We must not look away.</em> Retrieved from The Guardian: https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2021/jan/12/overwhelmed-nhs-covid-britain-hospitals</p>
<p class="has-small-font-size"><strong>Paz, C. (2020, Nov 2).</strong> <em>All the President’s Lies About the Coronavirus.</em> Retrieved from The Atlantic: https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2020/11/trumps-lies-about-coronavirus/608647/</p>
<p class="has-small-font-size"><strong>Reckitt. (2020, Apr 24).</strong> <em>IMPROPER USE OF DISINFECTANTS.</em> Retrieved from Reckitt: https://www.reckitt.com/newsroom/latest-news/news/2020/april/improper-use-of-disinfectants/</p>
<p class="has-small-font-size"><strong>Relman, E. (2020, Jul 6).</strong> <em>White House chief of staff Mark Meadows defends Trump’s false claim that ‘99%’ of coronavirus cases are ‘harmless’.</em> Retrieved from Business Insider: https://www.businessinsider.com/mark-meadows-backs-trumps-claim-that-99-of-covid-19-cases-are-harmless-2020-7?r=US&IR=T</p>
<p class="has-small-font-size"><strong>Samuels, B. (2020, Jan 29).</strong> <em>White House announces task force to monitor coronavirus.</em> Retrieved from The Hill: https://thehill.com/policy/healthcare/480627-white-house-announces-task-force-to-monitor-coronavirus/</p>
<p class="has-small-font-size"><strong>Slotkin, J. (2020, Apr 25).</strong> <em>NYC Poison Control Sees Uptick In Calls After Trump’s Disinfectant Comments.</em> Retrieved from NPR: https://www.npr.org/sections/coronavirus-live-updates/2020/04/25/845015236/nyc-poison-control-sees-uptick-in-calls-after-trumps-disinfectant-comments</p>
<p class="has-small-font-size"><strong>Snyder, T. (2020, Mar 14).</strong> <em>White House adds U.K., Ireland to travel ban, hints at airline aid</em>. Retrieved from Politico: https://www.politico.com/news/2020/03/14/white-house-adds-uk-ireland-to-travel-ban-129470</p>
<p class="has-small-font-size"><strong>Spreeuwenberg, P., Kroneman, M., & John, P. (2018).</strong> Reassessing the Global Mortality Burden of the 1918 Influenza Pandemi. <em>American Journal of Epidemiology</em>, 2561–2567.</p>
<p class="has-small-font-size"><strong>Stracqualursi, V. (2020, Mar 19).</strong> <em>New York Times: HHS’ pandemic simulation showed how US was ill prepared for coronavirus.</em> Retrieved from CNN Politics: https://edition.cnn.com/2020/03/19/politics/hhs-pandemic-simulation-crimson-contagion-report/index.html</p>
<p class="has-small-font-size"><strong>The White House. (2020, 03 16).</strong> <em>30 Days to Slow the Spread.</em> Retrieved from The White House: https://trumpwhitehouse.archives.gov/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/03.16.20_coronavirus-guidance_8.5x11_315PM.pdf</p>
<p class="has-small-font-size"><strong>UCIL. (2022, Sep 28).</strong> <em>Module 01: Introduction to Leadership in Action.</em> Retrieved from UCIL20031 Leadership in Action: https://online.manchester.ac.uk/bbcswebdav/institution/University%20College/Development/LeadershipInAction/LIA_Module01.html</p>
<p class="has-small-font-size"><strong>UCIL. (2022, Oct 5).</strong> <em>Module 02: Theories and Models of Leadership.</em> Retrieved from UCIL20031 Leadership in Action: https://online.manchester.ac.uk/bbcswebdav/institution/University%20College/Development/LeadershipInAction/LIA_Module02.html</p>
<p class="has-small-font-size"><strong>UCIL. (2022, Oct 5).</strong> <em>Module 02: Theories and Models of Leadership.</em> Retrieved from UCIL20031&20030 Leadership in Action: https://online.manchester.ac.uk/bbcswebdav/institution/University%20College/Development/LeadershipInAction/LIA_Module02.html</p>
<p class="has-small-font-size"><strong>UCIL. (2022, Oct 19).</strong> <em>Module 04: Leadership and Change.</em> Retrieved from UCIL20031 Leadership in Action: https://online.manchester.ac.uk/bbcswebdav/institution/University%20College/Development/LeadershipInAction/LIA_Module04.html</p>
<p class="has-small-font-size"><strong>Vaccine Knowledge Project, University of Oxford. (n.d.)</strong>. <em>Herd immunity (Herd protection).</em></p>
<p class="has-small-font-size"><strong>World Health Organization. (2020, March 9).</strong> <em>Chinese Emergency Medical Teams support COVID-19 response.</em> Retrieved from World Health Organization: https://www.who.int/china/news/feature-stories/detail/chinese-emergency-medical-teams-support-covid-19-response</p>
<p class="has-small-font-size"><strong>World Health Organization. (2022, Nov 01).</strong> <em>Situation by Region, Country, Territory & Area.</em> Retrieved from World Health Organization: https://covid19.who.int/table</p>
<p class="has-small-font-size"><strong>World Health Organization. (2022, Nov 12).</strong> <em>Situation by Region, Country, Territory & Area.</em> Retrieved from WHO Coronavirus (COVID-19) Dashboard: https://covid19.who.int/table</p>
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</item><item>
<title>维护一般人的利益超越一般人的偏见</title>
<link>https://chise.hachiroku.uk/zh/journal/divorce-cooling-off/</link>
<comments>https://chise.hachiroku.uk/zh/journal/divorce-cooling-off/#respond</comments>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[Chise Hachiroku]]></dc:creator>
<pubDate>Fri, 29 May 2020 22:08:00 +0000</pubDate>
<category><![CDATA[日志文章]]></category>
<category><![CDATA[中国]]></category>
<category><![CDATA[思考]]></category>
<category><![CDATA[法制]]></category>
<guid isPermaLink="false">https://chise.hachiroku.uk/?p=4363</guid>
<description><![CDATA[浅谈《民法典》中“离婚冷静期”的设置及当前
网络上的一些舆论]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[
<div class="wp-block-nhsblocks-quote1 nhsuk-inset-text is-style-quote-reverse"><span class="nhsuk-u-visually-hidden">Quote / Testimonial: </span><div class="nhsuk-inset-text__quote"><p>这篇文章是与中华人民共和国有关的讨论。</p></div><span class="nhsuk-inset-text__quote-attribution">这篇文章最初发表于目前已存档的C86 绫波核心并从中导入，是关于之前在中国的一次<br>激烈讨论的个人观点。这篇文章的内容不适用于其他地区。</span></div>
<p>2020年5月28日，《民法典》由第十九届全国人民代表大会第三次全体会议投票通过。通过后，其中婚姻生活编的“离婚冷静期”的设置引起了较大关注。</p>
<p>在当前环境下，“离婚冷静期”的设置，是有其现实意义的。一来，目前“假离婚”层出不穷，在实际情况中由于“假离婚”引发的民事乃至刑事案件呈上升趋势。“冷静期”可以抑制“假离婚”而导致的“真麻烦”。二来，“离婚冷静期”可以有效预防由于冲动而导致的婚姻终结，降低离婚率，避免因冲动而酿成大错，给自己、对方、子女和他人带来不可挽回的损失，切实维护社会和人民的总体利益。三来，这么做还可以让双方重新回顾往昔，有可能可以在这个阶段中发现彼此的优点和好，开始珍惜彼此，促进家庭团结。最后需要提及的是，反复的结婚与离婚，还是对公共资源的浪费，“冷静期”的设置，也可以避免反复操作，节约公共支出。</p>
<p>但，离婚并不仅仅意味着婚姻关系的终结，还涉及到其他的社会问题，在此举两个例子：如果婚姻存续期间育有子女，那么他们的抚养与成长就是一个很棘手的社会问题；再比如夫妻共同财产的分割和分配，可能影响的不仅仅只是一个家庭（例如最近的当当）。因此，“冷静期”的设立，可以让整个社会都从中受益。婚姻是一件严肃的事情，结为夫妻不仅仅是对爱情的见证，更是对彼此一生的承诺。当今部分人“闪婚”“闪离”现象层出不穷，利用婚姻登记谋取利益情况也时有发生，全然是将神圣的婚姻当作了手段、工具和儿戏，这是不可取的。“冷静期”的设置，不仅是让感情存在危机的双方可以好好反思过往，也是让恋人在结为夫妻前进行冷静思考，减少“今天红本明天绿本”现象的发生。</p>
<p>纵观全球，“离婚冷静期”的设置并不少见。在美国，加拿大，英国和韩国，这都是已经取得成效的措施。在实践过程中，韩国京畿道水原地方法院试行该制度半年后，协议离婚取消率从6%上升到了23%。考虑到中国2018年结婚率已经下降到7.2‰，但离婚率已经高达38%（在黑龙江甚至达到了骇人听闻的63%），可以认为，在当前婚姻关系被轻浮对待的社会环境下，引入“离婚冷静期”是合适且合理的。</p>
<p>有人认为，“离婚冷静期”会纵容家暴现象的发生，因为在“冷静期”的三十日内，任意一方都可以随时撤回离婚申请，也可以在60日内不前往民政部门领取离婚证，导致受害者无法离婚，要长期遭受家庭暴力的摧残。事实上，民政部门登记离婚是协议离婚，双方达成一致后在民政部门办理离婚登记，而家庭暴力导致的离婚，往往需要通过向人民法院起诉完成。对于由于家庭暴力而导致的案件，人民法院应当准予离婚。在诉讼前和诉讼中，受害方可以向法院申请人身安全保护令，组织施暴方的进一步施暴。</p>
<p>还有人提出，草案公布之时在某平台上有过投票，大多数人都不赞成“离婚冷静期”的设立，因此该条的通过有悖人民意志。首先需要说明的是，我国的最高立法机关是人民代表大会，人大代表都是依法公开公正选举出来的，代表了绝大多数人的意志。但一来该平台用户量仅有3.5亿，只占到全国人口的四分之一，而参与投票的人数则要更少；二来互联网平台消息的传播本就具有诱导性，参与投票的人极有可能在先前已经受到不完全消息或错误结论的引导；三来平台本身就是一类用户的聚合，单一平台的数据往往是片面的。因此，用这种数据作为论据，本身就是完全站不住脚的。</p>
<p>目前也有观点认为，有关婚姻相关的法律中，对于女性一方的保护越来越少，而且离婚变得越来越困难。有关女性的保护在实质上是从来没有减少或缺席的，而是法律顺应时代潮流，正在逐步去性别化，真正实现婚姻中的男女平等，并保护婚姻中的弱势群体。实践证明，在婚姻关系存续期间，弱势一方并不一定是女性：2019年湖南省在商讨《反家庭暴力法》的实施方法时，就提出过“遭遇家庭暴力，女同志找妇联，男同胞该找谁？”的问题，将男性也纳入家暴保护范围。我国婚姻制度在建立之初，为了倡导自由恋爱与自由婚姻，破除包办婚姻的不良习俗，将婚姻大事全权交由个人，可以随意结婚和离婚。但数十年的实行过程中，也暴露出部分人对于婚姻的随意性，“让离婚更难”实际上是为了更好地保护婚姻自由，倡导理性婚姻。</p>
<p>法律需要在维护一般人的利益的同时，超越一般人的偏见。本次《民法典》设置“婚姻冷静期”，是婚姻制度上的一次创举，不仅有利于维护社会稳定运行，更有利于维护每一段处在危险中的婚姻关系，切实维护每一个人的切实利益。</p>
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<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
</item><item>
<title>行事有道，方为正道</title>
<link>https://chise.hachiroku.uk/zh/opinion/it-is-only-right-to-act-in-a-proper-way/</link>
<comments>https://chise.hachiroku.uk/zh/opinion/it-is-only-right-to-act-in-a-proper-way/#respond</comments>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[Chise Hachiroku]]></dc:creator>
<pubDate>Thu, 15 Aug 2019 15:10:57 +0000</pubDate>
<category><![CDATA[日志观点]]></category>
<category><![CDATA[中国]]></category>
<category><![CDATA[思考]]></category>
<category><![CDATA[法制]]></category>
<guid isPermaLink="false">https://chise.hachiroku.uk/?p=4343</guid>
<description><![CDATA[即便结果本身看似公正，但其实并不公正。]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[
<p>近日，法学院大学生再次将上海迪士尼乐园告上法庭，控告其行为不合理并索求赔偿。一时间，这一新闻引起了激烈的讨论，迪士尼乐园的种种乱象也不断被网友曝光。</p>
<p>迪士尼乐园的此种行为，虽然也有它自己的初衷，但在未显著标识的前提下强制搜包，是否侵犯公民的隐私权，消费者的知情权？乐园内的高价不健康食品，又是否通过相关部门的审核，如果审核通过，又是谁准许通过的？如此种种霸王条款，又是不是属于消费者权益保护法24条中规定的无效条款，还是已经是强买强卖的违法行为？世界各地乐园的不同规定，是适应环境还是种族歧视？可以肯定的是，迪士尼乐园的这些行为已经触碰到了一般人的伦理底线。</p>
<p>孔子说过：“己所不欲，勿施于人。”乐园这样的行为，如果换位思考，假设是乐园的管理者的家人被采取这样的措施，他们又会不会认同这种做法呢？这些条款的出现，体现出迪士尼作为一个具有强大品牌效应的企业对消费者的不尊重，对于市场普适交易规则的不服从，极端的自大以及对法律的蔑视。在中央大力推进旅游景点和机场、车站等交通枢纽商品价格评价化的趋势下，其仍旧我行我素，反其道而行之，着实令人失望。</p>
<p>行事有道，方为正道。进行商业活动除了要依法依规之外，更要以道德为准绳要求自己。一味获取经济利益，牺牲游客体验的做法，或许可以带来一时的利益，但终究是不会长久的。迪士尼方面应当主动反思自己的错误行为并加以改正，而不是等到事件发酵才被动采取措施。同时，相关部门也应当采取相应措施，依法依规对于迪士尼乐园经营过程中的违法违规行为进行严厉的处置，惩治违法行为，促进公平交易，稳定市场秩序，给消费者一个合理合法的交代。</p>
]]></content:encoded>
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<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
</item><item>
<title>北郊代有才人出</title>
<link>https://chise.hachiroku.uk/zh/essay/talented-beijiao/</link>
<comments>https://chise.hachiroku.uk/zh/essay/talented-beijiao/#respond</comments>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[Chise Hachiroku]]></dc:creator>
<pubDate>Mon, 27 May 2019 15:14:00 +0000</pubDate>
<category><![CDATA[生活随笔]]></category>
<category><![CDATA[传闻]]></category>
<category><![CDATA[高中]]></category>
<guid isPermaLink="false">https://chise.hachiroku.uk/?p=4354</guid>
<description><![CDATA[只有上帝才能知道他们怎样如此有创造力。]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[
<h3 class="wp-block-heading">开车上学</h3>
<p>某日清晨，某高二走读生早上同往常一样，早起、烧早饭、出发。但因为起床晚了，他今天乘公交肯定迟到了。</p>
<p>他溜进父母的房间，趁父母熟睡之际，拿走了父亲的车钥匙。溜到楼下，发动汽车，把车开了出去。</p>
<p>或许是早上五点没有什么车子，或许是北郊位处荒郊野岭，他竟在没有闯红灯，没有出车祸的情况下，把车停到了北郊门口，抓起书包，上学了。</p>
<p>与此同时，当他的父亲起床时，发现家里面遭到了入室盗窃，而且只损失了一样东西——车钥匙。这一下这个父亲可急了，连忙跑下楼去看车子还在不在，在确认车子已经不在的情况下，他拨打了110。人民警察很快就调取了周边监控，追踪车子一直开到了北郊门口，然后带着这个觉得自己给自己儿子玩了的父亲，敲开了高二级部办公室的门。该生在上课期间被年级主任亲切地喊出了教室。在警察了解完情况后，便准备以盗窃罪将其抓捕归案。年级主任和父亲连忙拦住警察同志，无果。经过一番交涉（和托关系），检察院做出了相对不起诉决定，保住了这个学生干净的犯罪记录。北郊给予他严重警告处分。</p>
<hr class="wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-default"/>
<h3 class="wp-block-heading">爬楼事件</h3>
<p>期中考试语数外三科考完之后，大家都很放肆。</p>
<p>一(13)班肖某某，受到同班同学怂恿，从其龌龊同僚李某某处获得路线和注意事项后，与李某某，程某某等立下赌约，扬言要在十点晚自习下课后攀爬女生宿舍楼，见“女神”。</p>
<p>一言既出，驷马难追。十点零八分，肖某某在另一同伴陪同下，从女生宿舍楼东北角越过防攀爬的不锈钢倒刺，攀爬上女生宿舍楼二层，踩着倒刺扶着阳台栏杆向西北侧“女神”所在宿舍进发。</p>
<p>因其操作过于明显且运气欠佳，被一在阳台晾衣服的女生看见，北侧的男生宿舍楼遂被该女生的尖叫而吸引，关注到了肖某某的行为。不出一分钟，两栋宿舍楼之间的小空间便被男生的起哄和女生的尖叫所充满，自然也引起了当晚值班的年级三把手芮老师的注意。</p>
<p>芮老师开始调查产生躁动的原因，并选择拿本班同学开刀。</p>
<p>芮老师问：“你们在看什么？”</p>
<p>“有个男生在爬女生宿舍楼”</p>
<p>芮老师并不相信：“什么？</p>
<p>“有个男生，在～爬～女～生～宿～舍～楼～”</p>
<p>这下芮老师听明白了，有个男生在爬女生宿舍楼。</p>
<p>其迅速冲下楼梯，令宿管打开电动伸缩门，跑入男女宿舍楼之间的中庭。此时，看见芮老师开始着手将该爬楼分子绳之以法，整个男生宿舍看热闹的人便开始指引芮老师抓捕。</p>
<p>“西边！西边！西边！”作为地理老师的芮老师，竟然在一时间跑错了方向，给予了肖某某逃窜的时间。听到中庭的呼喊声，站在“女神”宿舍阳台上的肖某某（此时该阳台通向宿舍的门已被锁死，该宿舍全部舍员以撤离到走廊并用钥匙锁死了宿舍的防盗门）便决定立刻撤离，通过攀爬水管，安全着陆。</p>
<p>此时，芮老师已经纠正了方向，离肖某某越来越近了。肖某某集中生痣（没打错字），决定躲到附近待开发的一块湿地里面的芦苇中。天色已晚，在缺乏光照的情况下，芮老师没有发现芦苇丛中的肖某某及其同伙。</p>
<p>因忍受不了湿地大量的蚊虫，数分钟后，肖某某及其同伙决定沿着芮老师的路线反向返回宿舍楼。在门口，遭遇宿管质询，脱下外套谎称是去捡衣服的。</p>
<p>与此同时，芮老师已经到达了女生宿舍的另一侧，看到了许多手机的灯光。记录下宿舍的坐标位置后，这些宿舍在第三天被各班主任逐个约谈。</p>
<p>因为没有抓住爬楼者，但有爬楼者一事口供完备，除了爬楼者是谁之外事实清楚，当夜芮老师联合女生宿舍值班老师以及从床上被叫起来的年级一把手、二把手一道，与学生斗智斗勇，召唤信息技术组半夜调监控，在三个小时内基本确定了爬楼者，系肖某某。</p>
<p>第二天一早，当肖某某认为其已侥幸逃脱，准备物理考试时，被年级二把手从班级里拽到了级部办公室，开始写检讨。</p>
<p>经学校商议，教育局批准，当晚临时召开年级全体学生及教职工会议，将其勒令开除。会上，分管德育的副校长做了十五分钟的检讨，随后是年级主任二十分钟的检讨和十五分钟的训话。那天全北郊就数高一吃饭最晚，比其他年级晚了一个小时。</p>
<p>一个礼拜以后，他的事迹就被人忘得差不多了。</p>
<hr class="wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity"/>
<h2 class="wp-block-heading">社会斗殴</h2>
<p>高二上半学期期末左右，因在网上与社会人员发生不愉快，北郊高二六班的三位同学决定在某周日北郊集中回校时在校园内大门口后与对方进行3v3约架。</p>
<p>北郊三人并未守信，而是纠集了一个5人的团体与之抗衡。但是到了地方才发现一个致命问题：北郊的人准备的是肉打肉，而现实是肉打金属辊。</p>
<p>但依仗着人多这个不算优势的优势，这五人还是决定硬着头皮打架。</p>
<p>两分钟后，北郊的一个人头上已经开始流血。此时保安发现事态不妙，拿起保安室内的防暴叉，六人一人一个，前后夹击，迅速控制了三个挥舞大棒的社会人员并报警。五分钟后警察来到铐走了三人。</p>
<p>此事件发生后，北郊迅速行动，两周后在校门口添置了五台道闸机并投入使用。</p>
]]></content:encoded>
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</item><item>
<title>释跘</title>
<link>https://chise.hachiroku.uk/zh/essay/release-of-ties/</link>
<comments>https://chise.hachiroku.uk/zh/essay/release-of-ties/#respond</comments>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[Chise Hachiroku]]></dc:creator>
<pubDate>Tue, 26 Mar 2019 16:24:00 +0000</pubDate>
<category><![CDATA[生活随笔]]></category>
<guid isPermaLink="false">https://chise.hachiroku.uk/?p=4357</guid>
<description><![CDATA[让我深感惊讶和受教育的一位。]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[
<p>我初次见到她的时候，我感觉，这是我见到的最有趣的人之一了。</p>
<p>她身形娇小，但是处事十分圆滑。她像很多上个年代的人一样，有异常强烈的服务意识，但是她的穿着却与当今的主流相匹配。她取得不少荣誉，在同学们口中有不低的评价，在入校第三个月就收获了校内的最高荣誉。她是大家心目中，成功的象征。</p>
<p>和她讲起话来，你会感受到一种亲切感，但是却始终保持着一种恰当的距离。她可以把别人的观点阐释的非常清楚，但问到一些她自己的个人观点时往往支支吾吾或回避不谈。</p>
<p>她能力很强，多次主持年级和学校的活动，在话剧表演中也有不俗的表现。</p>
<p>一次偶然的机会，我们有了交集。那是政治老师组织的项目，通过调查走访来分析问题并且提出建议。我们一队人马开往各地，拜访了许多地方。问问题的人从来不是她，她一直是那个在一旁记录不怎么吭声的人。大家合作都很愉快，一路上有说有笑的。只不过后来，有两次活动都是只有部分人参加，而运气不好的是，她两次都没有空。</p>
<p>其中有一次，是我主导的。她在接下来几天的时间内一直反复找到我，希望可以通过其他的方式来弥补自己未能参加活动的不足。我说，没关系的，这种事情有空就来，没空，也不会少了你一份。</p>
<p>但是她不同意，愣是听了四十分钟的采访录音，整理了一份提纲。</p>
<p>除此之外，她还是辩证否定过度的典型。时常她为了自己无意的微小失误而自责，也经常对自己的一些选择感到懊恼。有时她会与别人倾诉，但大多数还是自己留在心里。</p>
<p>入学第二年组织新一届学生会的时候，她凭借自己优异的成绩和过硬的实力，得以当选会长一职。我因在年级自管会的表现，出任纪检部部长。</p>
<p>从那以后，那种否定观便愈加强烈。她有时会说自己在主持小范围会议时说破了一句话，继而怀疑自己不在状态；一些时候她还会不停地讲述和回想她做过的某一些决定，考虑那是不是不是最好的处理方式。</p>
<p>上任后没几个礼拜，部门成员就和我反应说，她好像谈恋爱了，和一个男生形影不离。</p>
<p>是的，一个男生和她形影不离，明眼人都看见了。</p>
<p>直到，某个下午她被请到级部办公室去吃小鱼干了。她要背负一个处分，被剥夺职务，名誉扫地。我们都以为她会加深自己得否定观，但是并没有。</p>
<p>学生会里的人感到很惊慌，不知道该如何正确面对这突如其来的打击，以及，如何开导她向前迈进。可是，我们都想错了。</p>
<p>失去了职务、名誉和包袱，她反而开朗起来了。她似乎一下找到了自己，变得活蹦乱跳，讲话也不再圆滑世故了。她开始发表自己的想法，不再拘束自己语言中的用词，她变成了一个更好的自己，一个开朗的自己，一个属于自己的自己。</p>
<p>是她对自己严苛的要求迫使她去做那个她自己认为的好学生和好孩子，也是为什么她在失去了对那个男生的兴趣后仍然选择不放弃，也解释了她独特的否定观。她给自己下了跘，她深陷其中，直到这一次，所有的跘都失去了其存在的意义，不再重要。</p>
<p>当她释去了以往的跘，便开始了属于自己的新一段人生。</p>
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